CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL CIVI L AVIATION DONE AT CHICAGO ON THE 7TH DAY OP DECEMBER 1944
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CONVENTION
ON
I N T E R N A T I O N A L
CIVI L AVIATION DONE
AT CHICAGO ON THE
7 T H DAY OP DECEMBER
1944
I I
CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION
PREAMBLE
WHEREAS the f u t u r e development of i n t e r n a t i o n a l c i v i l av ia t lo r i
can g r e a t l y h e l p t o c r e a t e and p re se rve f r i e n d s h i p and unders tanding
among t h e nz t fona and peop le s o f t h e world, y e t its abuse can become
a t h r e a t t o t h e g e n e r a l s e c u r i t y ; and
WHEREAS it i~ d e s i r a b l e t o avoid f r i c t i o n and t o promote t h a t
coopera t ion between n a t i o n s and peoples upon which the peace of t h e
world depends;
THEREFORE, t h e unders igned governments having agreed on c e r t a i n
p r i n c i p l e s and arrangements i n o r d e r that i n t e r n a t i o n a l c i v i l av i a -
t i o n may be developed i n a s a f e and o r d e r l y manner and t h a t i n t e r n a -
t i o n a l a i r t r a n s p o r t s e r v i c e s may be e s t - ab l i shed on t h e b a s i s of
e q u a l i t y of oppor tun i ty and o p e r a t e d soun&ly and. economically ;
Have accord ing ly concluded t h i s Convention t o t h a t end,
PART &. NAVIGATION -
CHAPTER I
GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION
A r t i c l e - 1
Sovereignty The c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s recognize that every S t e t e
has comglete and exc lus ive sovere ign ty ove r t h e air-
space above i t s t e r r i t o r y .
A r t i c l e - 2 1 I i r r i t o q Fo r t h e purposes of t h i s Convention t h e t e r r i t o r y
of a S t a t e shall be deemed t o be t h e l a n d a r e a s and - . -
4
A
I t e r r i t o r i a l w a t e r s a d j a c e n t t h e r e t o under t h e sover- II e i g n t y , s u z e r a i n t y , p r o t e c t i o n o r mandate of such S t a t e
A r t i c l e 2 I
C i v i l and ( a ) This Convention shall be a p p l i c a b l e only t o s t a t e a i r - c r a f t c i v i l a i r c r a f t , and s h a l l no t be a p p l i c a b l e t o s t a t e
a i r c r a f t . (b ) A i r c r a f t used i n m i l i t a r y , customs and p o l i c e
s e r v i c e s shall be deemed t o be s t a t e a i r c r a f t .
( c ) No s t a t e a i r c r a f t of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e
s h a l l f l y o v e r t h e t e r r i t o r y of a n o t h e r S t a t e o r l a n d
t h e r e o n wi thout a u t h o r i z a t i o n by s p e c i a l agreement o r
o the rwise , and i n accordance w i t h t h e t e r n s t h e r e o f .
( d ) The c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s under take , when l s s u -
i n g r e g u l a t i o n s f o r t h e i r s t a t e a i r c r a f t , t h a t t h e y
w i l l have due r e g a r d f o r the safety of navigation of
c i v i l a i r c r a f t . A r t i c l e 4
Misuse of Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e a g r e e s not to u s e c i v i l c i v i l
I s .v ia t ion a v i a t i o n f o r any purpose i n c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e aims of
1 t h i s Convention.
CHAPTER I1
FLIGHT OVER TERRITORY CONTRACTING
A r t i c l e 2 -- STATES
Right o f non- Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e a g r e e s that a l l a i r c r a f t scheduled f l i g h t of t h e o t h e r c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s , be ing a i r c r a f t n o t
engaged i n scheduled i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r s e r v i c e s shall
have t h e r igh t , s u b j e c t t o t h e observance of t h e te rms
of th is Convention, t o make f l i g h t s i n t o o r i n t r a n s i t
non-stop a c r o s s i t s t e r r i t o r y and t o make s t o p s f o r
- -- 4
n o n - t r a f f i c purposes wi thout t h e n e c e s s i t y of o b t a i n -
i n g p r i o r permiss ion , and s u b j e c t t o t h e r i g h t of t h e
S t a t e flown o v e r t o r e q u i r e l and ing . Each c 3 n t r a c t i n g
S t a t e n e v e r t h e l e s s r e s e r v e s t h e r i g h t , f o r reasons of
s a f e t y of f l i g h t , t o r e q u i r e a i r c r a f t d e s i r i n g t o pro-
ceed over r e g i o n s which a r e i n a c c e s s i b l e o r wi thout
adequate a i r nav tga t ion f a c i l i t i e s t o fo l low p re sc r ibec
r o u t e s , o r t o o b t a i n s p e c i a l permlesion f o r such
f l i g h t s .
Such a i r c r a f t , i f engaged i n t h e c a r r i a g e of pas -
sengers , cargo, o r m a i l f o r remuneration o r h i r e on
o t h e r t han scheduled i n t e r n a t i o n a l a ir s e r v i c e s , s h a l l
a l s o , s u b j e c t t o t h e p r o v i s i o n s of A r t i c l e 7, have t h e
p r i v i l e g e of t a k i n g on o r d i s cha rg ing passengers ,
cargo, o r mail, subJec t t o t h e r i g h t of any S t a t e
where such embarkation o r d i scharge t & e s p l a c e t o
impose such r e g u l a t i o n s , c o n d i t i o n s o r l i m i t a t i o n s as
it may cons ide r d e s i r a b l e .
A r t i c l e
Scheduled No scheduled i n t e r n a t i o n a l a ir s e r v i c e m a y be a i r s e r v i c e s
o p e r a t e d ove r o r i n t o t h e t e r r i t o r y of a c o n t r a c t i n g
S t a t e , except w i t h t h e s p e c i a l permiss ion o r o t h e r
a u t h o r i z a t i o n of that S t a t e , and i n accordance w i t h
t h e terms of such permiss ion o r a u t h o r i z a t i o n .
A r t i c l e Z
Cabotage Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e shall have t h e r i g h t t o
r e f u s e permiss ion t o t h e a i r c r a f t of o t h e r c o n t r a c t -
i n g S t a t e s t o t a k e on i n i t s t e r r i t o r y passengers ,
m a i l and cargo c a r r i e d f o r remuneration o r h i r e and
dee t ined f o r another po in t wi th in i t s t e r r i t o r y . Eaoh
con t r ac t i ng S t a t e undertakes not t o e n t e r i n t o any ar-
rangement s which s p e c i f i c a l l y g ran t any such p r i v i l e g e
on an exc lus ive b a s i s t o m y o t h e r S t a t e o r an a i r l i n e
of any o t h e r S t a t e , and not t o o b t a i n any euch exclu-
s i v e p r i v i l e g e from any o t h e r S t a t e .
A r t i c l e 8 - P i l o t l e s s No a i r c r a f t capable of being flown without a p i l o t a i r c r a f t
shall be flown without a pilot over the t e r r i t o r y of
a con t r ac t i ng S t a t e without s p e c i a l au tho r i za t i on by
that S t a t e and i n accordance w i t h t h e terms of euch
au tho r i za t i on . Each con t r ac t i ng S t a t e undertake8 t o
i n su re that t h e f l i g h t of such a i r c r a f t without a
p i l o t i n reg ions open t o c i v i l a i r c r a f t shall be so
c o n t r o l l e d as t o obv ia t e danger t o c i v i l a i r c r a f t ,
A r t i c l e - 9
P roh ib i t ed ( a ) Each con t r ac t i ng S t a t e may, f o r reasons of a r e a s
m i l i t a r y neces s i t y o r p u b l i c s a f e ty , r e s t r i c t o r pro-
h i b i t uniformly t h e a i r c r a f t of o t h e r S t a t e s from f l y -
i ng over c e r t a i n a r e a s o f i t s t e r r i t o r y , provided th%'b
no d i s t i n c t i o n i n t h i s r e spec t i s made between t h e
a i r c r a f t of t h e S t a t e whose t e r r i t o r y i s involved,
engaged i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l scheduled a i r l i n e s e rv i ce s ,
and t h e a i r c r a f t of t h e o t h e r con t r ac t i ng S t a t e s l i k e -
wise engaged. Such p r o h i b i t e d a r e a s e h a l l be of I
reasonable ex t en t and l o c a t i o n so a s not t o i n t e r f e r e
unnecessar i ly w i t h a ir navigat ion. Descr ip t ions of
~ such p r o h i b i t e d a r e a s i n t h e t e r r i t o r y of a con t r ac t -
I i ng S t a t e , as wel l ae any subsequent a l t e r a t i o n s
r - -
t h e r e i n , s h a l l be communicated as soon as p o s s i b l e t o
t h e o t h e r c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s and t o t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l
C i v i l Avia t ion Organ iza t ion .
( b ) Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e r e s e r v e s a l s o t h e
r i g h t , i n e x c e p t i o n a l c i rcumstances o r dur ing a p e r i o d
of emergency, o r i n t h e i n t e r e s t of p u b l i c s d e t y , and
w i t h immediate e f f e c t , t empora r i ly t o r e s t r i c t o r pro-
h i b i t f l y i n g o v e r t h e whole o r any p a r t of i t 6 t e r r i -
t o r y , on c o n d i t i o n t h a t such r e s t r i c t i o n o r p r o h i b i t i o n
e h a l l be a p p l i c a b l e wi thou t d i s t i n c t i o n of n a t i o n a l i t y
t o a i r c r a f t of a l l o t h e r S t a t e s .
( c ) Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e , under such regu la -
t i o n s a8 i t may p r e e c r i b e , may r e q u i r e any a i r c r a f t
e n t e r i n g t h e a r e a s contemplated i n subparagraphs ( a )
o r ( b ) above t o e f f e c t a l a n d i n g as soon a s p r a c t i -
c a b l e t h e r e a f t e r at some d e s i g n a t e d a i r p o r t w i t h i n i t s
t e r r i t o r y .
A r t i c l e 10
Landing at Except i n a c a s e where, under t h e terms of t h i s cuetoms a i r p o r t Convention o r a s p e c i a l a u t h o r i z a t i o n , a i r c r a f t a r e
p e r m i t t e d t o c r o s s t h e t e r r i t o r y of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e
wi thout l a n d i n g , every a i r c r a f t which e n t e r s t h e t e r -
r i t o r y of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e shall , if t h e r e g u l a t i o n s
of t h a t S t a t e so r e q u i r e , l a n d at a n a i r p o r t des igna ted
by t h a t S t a t e f o r t h e purpose of customs and o t h e r
examination. On d e p a r t u r e from t h e t e r r i t o r y of a
c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e , such a i r c r a f t e h a l l depar t from a
s i m i l a r l y d e s i g n a t e d customs a i r p o r t . P a r t i c u l a r s
of a l l d e s i g n a t e d customs a i r p o r t s s h a l l be p u b l i s h e d
f
by t h e S t a t e and t r a n s m i t t e d t o t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l
C i v i l Avia t ion Organiza t ion e s t a b l i s h e d under P a r t I1
of t h i s Convention f o r communication t o a l l o t h e r con-
t r a c t i n g S t a t e s .
A r t i c l e 11 A p p l i c a b i l i t y Subjec t t o t h e p r o v i s i o n e of t h i s Convention, t h e of a i r regu-
laws and r e g u l a t i o n s of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e r e l a t i n g
t o t h e admission t o o r d e p a r t u r e from i t s t e r r i t o r y of
a i r c r a f t engaged i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r nav iga t ion , o r
t o t h e o p e r a t i o n and nav iga t ion of such a i r c r a f t whi le
w i t h i n i t s t e r r i t o r y , shall be a p p l i e d t o t h e a i r c r a f t
of a l l c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s wi thout d i s t i n c t i o n as t o
n a t i o n a l i t y , and shall be complied w i t h by such air-
c r a f t u2on e n t e r i n g o r d e p a r t i n g from o r whi le w i t h i n
t h e t e r r i t o r y of that S t a t e .
A r t i c l e 12
Rules of t h e Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e under takes t o adopt meas-
u r e s t o i n s u r e that every a i r c r a f t f l y i n g ove r o r
maneuvering w i t h i n i t s t e r r i t o r y and that every air-
c r a f t c a r r y i n g i t s n a t i o n a l i t y mark, wherever such air-
c r a f t may be, shall comply w i t h t h e r u l e s and r egu la -
t i o n s r e l a t i n g t o t h e f l i g h t and maneuver of a i r c r a f t
t h e r e i n f o r c e . Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e under takes t o
keep i t s own r e g u l a t i o n s i n t h e s e r e s p e c t s uniform, t o
t h e g r e a t e s t p o e s i b l e e x t e n t , w i th t hoee e s t a b l i s h e d
from t ime t o t ime under t h i s Convention. Over t h e
h igh seas , t h e r u l e s i n f o r c e shall be t h o s e es tab-
l i s h e d under t h i s Convention. Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e
-
under takes t o i n s u r e theproaecut ion of all pe r sons
v i o l a t i n g t h e r e g u l a t i o n s a p p l i c a b l e .
A r t i c l e 13
Entry and The laws and r e g u l a t i o n s of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e c l ea rance r e g u l a t i o n s a s t o t h e a d m i s s i o n t o o r d e p a r t u r e f r o m i t e t e r r i -
t o r y of passengers , crew o r cargo of a i r c r a f t , such
as r e g u l a t i o n s r e l a t i n g t o e n t r y , c l ea rance , immigra-
t i o n , p a s s p o r t s , customs, and qua ran t ine shall be
1
complied w i t h by o r on behalf of such passengers ,
crew o r cargo upon entra.nce i n t o o r d e p a r t u r e from,
o r whi le w i t h i n t h e t e r r i t o r y of t h a t S t a t e .
A r t i c l e 14 -- - Preven t ion of Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e ag rees t o t a k e e f f e c t i v e spread of d i s e a s e measures t o p reven t t h e spread by meons of a i r naviga-
t i o n of c h o l e r a , typhus (ep idemic) , smallpox, yel low
f e v e r , p lague, and such o t h e r communicable d i s e a s e s
as t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s shall from t ime t o t ime
dec ide t o des igna t e , and t o that end c o n t r a c t i n g
States w i l l keep i n c l o s e c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h t h e agen-
c i e s concerned w i t h i n t e r n a t i o n a l r e g u l a t i o n s r e l a t -
i n g t o s a n i t a r y measures a p p l i c a b l e t o a i r c r a f t .
Such c o n s u l t a t i o n shall be wi thout p r e j u d i c e t o t h e
a p p l i c a t i o n of any e x i s t i n g i n t e r n a t i o n a l oonvent i o n
on t h i s s u b j e c t t o which t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s may
be p a r t i e s .
A r t i c l e 15 Airpor t and Every a i r p o r t i n a c o n t r a c t i n g St&:te which i s similar charges open t o p u b l i c u se by i t s n a t i o n a l a i r c r a f t shall
l i k e w i s e , s u b j e c t t o t h e p r o v i s i o n s of A r t i c l e 68, 1
L
be open under uniform condi t ions t o t h e a i r c r a f t of
a l l t h e o t h e r con t rac t ing S t a t e s . The l i k e uniform
condi t ions s h a l l apply t o t h e use, by a i r c r a f t of
every con t rac t ing S t a t e , of a l l a i r naviga t ion f a c i l -
i t i e s , inc luding radio and meteorological se rv ices ,
which may be provided f o r pub l i c use f o r t h e s a f e t y
end expedi t ion of a ir navigat ion.
Any charges t h a t may be imposed o r permit ted t o
be imposed by a con t rac t ing S t a t e f o r t h e use of such
a i r p o r t s and a i r navigat ion f a c i l i t i e s by t h e a i r c r a f t
of any o t h e r con t rac t ing S t a t e s h a l l not be h igher ,
(a) A s t o a i r c r a f t not engaged i n sched-
u led i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r se rv ices , than those t h a t
would be p a i d by i t s n a t i o n a l a i r c r a f t of t h e
same cla .ss engaged i n similar opera t ions , and
( b ) A s t o a i r c r a f t engaged i n scheduled
i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r eervicee, than those t h a t would
be pa id by i t s n a t i o n a l a i r c r a f t engaged i n aim-
i lar i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r se rv ices .
A l l such charges shall be publ ished and communicated
t o t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l C i v i l Aviation Organization:
provided t h a t , upon represen ta t ion by an i n t e r e s t e d
con t rac t ing S t a t e , t h e charges imposed f o r t h e use of
a i r p o r t s and o t h e r f a c i l i t i e s s h a l l be subjec t t o
review by t h e Council, which shall r e p o r t and make
recommendations thereon f o r t h e cons idera t ion of t h e
S t a t e o r S t a t e s concerned. No fees , dues o r o t h e r
charges shall be imposed by any con t rac t ing S t a t e i n
respect s o l e l y of t h e r i g h t of t r a n s i t over o r en t ry
i n t o o r e x i t from i t s t e r r i t o r y of any a i r c r a f t of a
con t rac t ing S t a t e o r persons o r proper ty thereon.
A r t i c l e 16 - The appropr ia t e a u t h o r i t i e s of each of the con-
t r a c t i n g S t a t e s s h a l l have t h e r i g h t , without unrea-
sonable delay, t o -arch a i r c r a f t of t h e o t h e r con-
t r a c t i n g S t a t e s on landing o r depar ture , and t o
inspec t t h e c e r t i f i c a t e s and o t h e r documents pre-
sc r ibed by t h i o convention.
CHAPTER I11
NATIONALITY OF AIRCRAFT
A r t i c l e
A i r c r a f t have t h e n a t i o n a l i t y of t h e S t a t e I n
which they a r e r eg i s t e red .
A r t i c l e 18 An a i r c r a f t cannot be v a l i d l y r e g i s t e r e d i n more
than one S t a t e , but i t s r e g i s t r a t i o n may be changed
f ro= one S t a t e t o another.
A r t i c l e 19 The r e g i s t r a t i o n o r t r a n s f e r of r e g i s t r a t i o n of
a i r c r a f t i n any con t rac t ing S t a t e s h a l l be made i n
accordance w i t h i t s l a w s and regu la t ions .
A r t i o l e 20
Every a i r e r a f t engaged i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r
naviga t ion e h a l l bear i t s appropr ia t e n a t i o n a l i t y and
r e g i s t r a t ion marks.
A r t i c l e 21 Report of Each con t rac t ing S t a t e undertakes t o supply t o r e g i s t r a - t i o n s any o t h e r con t rac t ing S t a t e o r t o t h e I n t e r n ~ . t i o n a l
C i v i l Aviation Organization, on demand, information II concerning t h e r e g i s t r a t i o n and ov.mership of any H p a r t i c u l a r a i r c r a f t r e g i s t e r e d i n t h a t S t a t e . I n ad-
d i t ion, each cont rac t ing S t a t e s h a l l f u r n i s h repor t s
t o t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l C i v i l Aviation Orga.nlza.tlon, und-er)
such regu la t ions a s t h e l a t t e r may p r e s c r i b e , g iv ing I such p e r t i n e n t d a t a as can be made a v a i l a b l e concern- 11 i ng t h e ownership and c o n t r o l of a i r c r a f t r e g i e t e r e d
i n t h a t S t a t e and h a b i t u a l l y engaged i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l
a i r navigat ion. The d a t a thus obtained by t h e I n t e r -
n a t i o n a l C i v i l Aviation Organization shall be made
a v a i l a b l e by it on request t o t h e o t h e r con t rac t ing A S t a t e s . I/
CHAPTER I V
MEASURES TO FACILITATE AIR NAVIGATION
A r t i c l e 22 F a c i l i t a t i o n Each con t rac t ing S t a t e agrees t o adopt a l l prac- of f o m a l i - t i e s t i c a b l e measures, through t h e issuance of epecia l
regula t ion8 o r otherwise, t o f a c i l i t a t e and expedi te
navigat ion by a i r c r a f t between t h e t e r r i t o r i e s of
con t rac t ing S t a t ee, and t o prevent unnecessary de lays
t o a i r c r a f t , crews, passengere and cargo, e spec ia l ly i n
t h e administre. t ion of t h e laws r e l a t i n g t o irnmlgra-
t i o n , quarant ine, cuetoms and clearance.
A r t i c l e - 23
Cu~toms and Each con t rac t ing S t a t e undertakee, 80 far a s it immigration procedure8 may f i n d p r a c t i c a b l e , t o e s t a b l i e h custome and
immigration procedures ~ f f e c t i n g i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r
nav iga t ion i n accordance w i t h t h e p r a c t i c e s which may
be e s t a b l i s h e d o r recommended from t ime t o t ime, pur-
suan t t o t h i s Convention. Nothing i n t h i s Convention
shell be cons t rued as p reven t ing t h e e s t ab l i shmen t of
customs-f r e e a i r p o r t s.
A r t i c l e 24
customs ( a ) A i r c r a f t on a f l i g h t t o , from, o r a c r o s s duty
t h e t e r r i t o r y of ano the r c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e e h a l l be
admi t ted t empora r i l y f r e e of duty , s u b j e c t t o t h e
customs r e g u l a t i o n s of t h e S t a t e . Fue l , l u b r i c a t i n g
o i l s , s p a r e parts, regu1a.r equipment and a i r c r a f t
s t o r e 8 on board an P - i r c r a f t of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e ,
on a r r i v a l i n t h e t e r r i t o r y of ano the r c o n t r a c t i n g
S t a t e and r e t a i n e d on board on l e a v i n g t h e t e r r i t o r y
of that S t a t e shal l be e x e ~ p t from customs duty ,
i n s p e c t i o n f e e s o r similar n a t i o n a l o r l o c a l d u t i e s
and cha-rges. This exemption shall n o t apply t o any
q u a n t i t i e s o r a r t i c l e s unloaded, except i n accordance
with t h e customs r e g u l a t i o n s o f t h e S t a t e , which may
r e q u i r e that t hey shall be kep t under customs super-
v i s i o n .
( b ) Spare parts and equipment imported i n t o t h e
t e r r i t o r y of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e f o r i n c o r p o r a t i o n i n
o r u s e on m a i r c r a f t of a n o t h e r c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e
engaged i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r nav iga t ion s h d l be
admi t t ed f r e e of custome du ty , s u b j e c t t o compliance
w i t h t h e r e g u l a t i o n s of t h e S t a t e concerned, which
may p rov ide that t h e a r t i c l e s shall be kep t under
customs s u p e r v i s i o n and c o n t r o l . 4
A r t i c l e - 25
Ai rc r a f t i n Each con t r ac t i ng S t a t e undertake8 t o provide such
measures of a s s i s t a n c e t o a i r c r a f t i n d i s t r e s s I n i t s
t e r r i t o r y a8 it may f i n d p r a c t i c a b l e , and t o permit ,
sub jec t t o c o n t r o l by i t s own a u t h o r i t i e s , t h e owners
of t h e a i r c r a f t o r a u t h o r i t i e s of t h e S t a t e i n which
t h e a i r c r a f t i s r e g i s t e r e d t o provide such measures
of a s s i s t m c e a s may be necees i t a t ed by t h e circum-
s tances . Each amtrac t i n g S t a t e , when undertaking
search f o r miss ing a i r c r a f t , w i l l c o l l a b o r a t e i n
coordlnat ed measure8 which may be recommended from
time t o t ime pureuant t o t h i s Convention.
A r t i c l e 26 Inveet i g a t i o n I n t h e event of an acc iden t t o an a i r c r a f t of a o f accident8
con t r ac t i ng S t a t e occur r ing i n t h e t e r r i t o r y of an-
o t h e r con t r ac t i ng S t a t e , and involving dea th o r s e r i o u s
i n j u r y , o r i n d i c ~ t i n g ee r ioue t echn ica l de fec t i n t h e
a i r c r a f t o r a i r nav iga t ion f a c i l i t i e s , t h e S t a t e i n
which t h e ~ c c i d e n t occur8 w i l l i n s t i t u t e an inqui ry
i n t o t h e circumstances of t h e accident , I n accordance,
so f a r as i t 8 laws permit , w i t h t h e procedure which
m a y be recommended by t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l C i v i l Aviat ion
Organization. The S t a t e i n which t h e a i r c r a f t i s
r e g i s t e r e d shall be given t h e oppor tuni ty t o appoint
observer8 t o be preeent at t h e inqu i ry and t h e S t a t e
holding t h e inqu i ry shall communicate t h e r epo r t and
f i nd ings i n t h e ma t t e r t o that S ta te .
A r t i c l e - 27
(a) While engaged i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l air naviga-
t i o n , any author ized ent ry of a i r c r a f t of a cont rac t -
ing S t a t e i n t o t h e t e r r i t o r y of another con t rac t ing
S t a t e o r au thor ized t r a n s i t across t h e t e r r i t o r y of
such S t a t e wi th o r without landings s h a l l not e n t a i l
any ee izure o r de tent ion of the a i r c r a f t o r any
claim agains t t h e ormer o r opera tor thereof o r any
o t h e r i n t e r f e r e n c e therewi th by o r on behalf of such
S t a t e o r any person t h e r e i n , on t h e ground t h a t t h e
conetruct ion, mechanism, p a r t s , accessor i e s o r opera-
t i o n of t h e a i r c r a f t i s an infringement of any p a t e n t ,
design, o r model duly granted o r r e g i s t e r e d i n t h e
S t a t e whoee t e r r i t o r y i s entered by t h e a i r c r a f t , it
being agreed t h a t no depos i t of s e c u r i t y i n connection
wi th t h e foregoing exemption from s e i z u r e o r deten-
t i o n of t h e a i r c r a f t e h a l l i n any case be requi red i n
t h e S t a t e en te red by such a i r c r a f t .
(b ) The provis ions of paragraph (a) of t h i s
A r t i c l e s h a l l a l s o be app l i cab le t o t h e etorage of
spare p a r t s and epare equipment f o r t h e a i r c r a f t and
t h e r i g h t t o use and i n s t a l l t h e same i n t h e r e p a i r
of an a i r c r a f t of a con t rac t ing S t a t e i n t h e t e r r i -
t o r y of any o t h e r con t rac t ing S t a t e , provided t h a t
any pa tented p a r t o r equipment so s t o r e d shall not be
s o l d o r d i s t r i b u t e d i n t e r n a l l y i n o r exported commer-
c i a l l y from t h e con t rac t ing S t a t e en tered by t h e
a i r c r a f t .
1
( c ) The benef i t e of t h i e A r t i c l e s h a l l apply
only t o such S t a t e s , p a r t i e e t o t h i e Convention, a6
e i t h e r (1) a r e p ~ r t i e e t o t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l Convention
f o r t h e P ro tec t ion of I n d u s t r i ~ l Property and t o any
amendments thereof ; o r (2 ) have enacted p a t e n t lawe
which recognize and g ive adequate p r o t e c t i o n t o
invent ions made by t h e n a t i o n a l e of t h e o t h e r S t a t e s
p a r t i e s t o t h i e Convention.
A r t i c l e 28 A i r navigat ion Each con t rac t ing S t a t e undertakee, so f a r as f a c i l i t i e e 2nd standard it may f i n d p r a c t i c a b l e , to :
(a) Provide, i n i t s t e r r i t o r y , a i r p o r t s ,
rad io se rv ices , meteorological serv ice8 a d
o t h e r a i r navigat ion f a c i l i t i e s t o f a c i l i t a t e
i n t e r n a t i o n a l air navigat ion, i n accordance
w i t h t h e s tandards and p r a c t i c e e recommended
o r ee tabl lehed from time t o time, pureuant t o
t h i s Convention;
( b ) Adopt and put i n t o opera t ion t h e ap-
p r o p r i a t e standard systems of communications
procedure, codee, markings, s igna le , l i g h t i n g
and o t h e r opera t iona l p r a c t i c e e and r u l e s which
may be recommended o r ee tabl iehed from time t o
time, pureuant t o t h i s Convention;
( c ) Collaborate i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l meae-
uree t o secure t h e pub l i ca t ion of aeronaut ical
mapa and c h a r t s i n accordmce with etandarde
which m a y be recommended o r e s t a b l i s h e d from
time t o t ime, pursuant t o t h i e Convention.
CHAPTER V
CONDITIONS TO BE FULFILLED WITH RESPECT TO AIRCRAFT
A r t i c l e 29
Documents Every a i r c r a f t of a con t rac t ing S t a t e , engaged c a r r i e d i n a i r c r a f t i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l navigat ion, s h a l l c a r r y t h e follow-
ing docunents i n conformity wi th t h e condi t ions pre-
sc r ibed i n t h i s convention:
(a) I t s c e r t i f i c a t e of r e g i s t r a t i o n ;
( b ) I t s c e r t i f i c a t e of a irworthinees;
( c ) The appropr ia te l i c e n s e e Tor e ~ c h
member of t h e crew;
( d ) It8 journey l o g book;
( e ) If i t i s equipped with r ad io apparatus
t h e a i r c r a f t rad io s t a t i o n l i c e n s e ;
f If i t c a r r i e e paesengers, a l i s t of
t h e i r name8 and p l a c e s of embarkation and
des t i n a t i o n ;
( g ) If it c a r r i e s cargo, a manifest and
d e t a i l e d d e c l a r a t i o n s of t h e cargo.
A r t i c l e - 30
A i r c r a f t r ad io
( a ) A i r c r a f t of each con t rac t ing S t a t e may, i n
equipment o r over t h e t e r r i t o r y of o t h e r con t rac t ing S t a t e s ,
ca r ry radio t r a n s m i t t i n g apparatus only i f a l i c e n s e
t o i n s t a l l and opera te such a p p ~ r a t u s has been i s sued
by t h e appropr ia t e a u t h o r i t i e s of t h e S t a t e i n which
t h e a i r c r ~ f t i s r e g i s t e r e d . The use of r ad io t r a n s -
m i t t i n g apparatus i n t h e t e r r i t o r y of t h e con t rac t ing
S t a t e whoee t e r r i t o r y i e flown over s h a l l be i n
accordance with t h e r e g u l a t i o n s preecr ibed by t h a t
S t a t e .
'(I
(b) Radio t r anemi t t i ng apparatue may be ueed
only by membere of t h e f l i g h t crew who a r e provided
t h e appropr ia te a u t h o r i t i e s of t h e S t a t e i n which
t h e a i r c r a f t i e r e g i s t e r e d .
A r t i c l e 2
Cert if i c a t e a Every a i r c r a f t engaged i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l naviga- of a i rwor th i -
t i o n s h a l l be provided wi th a c e r t i f i c a t e of air-
worthiness i s sued o r rendered v a l i d by t h e S t a t e i n
which i t i s r e g i s t e r e d .
A r t i c l e 32
(a) The p i l o t of every a i r c r a f t and t h e o t h e r
membere of t h e opera t ing crew of every a i r c r a f t
engaged i n i n t e r n a t l o n a l nav iga t ion e h a l l be provided
w i t h c e r t i f i c a t e 8 of conpetency and l i c e n s e e ieeued
o r rendered v a l i d by t h e S t a t e i n which t h e a i r c r a f t
i s r e g i s t e r e d .
( b ) Each con t r ac t i ng S t a t e rese rve8 t h e r i g h t
t o r e fuse t o recognize, f o r t h e purpose of f l i g h t
above i t s own t e r r i t o r y , c e r t i f i c a t e s of competency
and l i c e n s e s g ran t ed t o any of i t 8 n a t i o n a l e by
another con t r ac t i ng S t a t e .
A r t i c l e 33 C e r t i f i c a t e s of a i rwor th ines s and c e r t i f i c a t e s
of competency and l i c e n s e s i s sued o r rendered valid
by t h e con t r ac t i ng S t a t e i n which t h e a i r c r a f t i e
r e g i s t e r e d , s h a l l be recognized a8 v a l i d by t h e
o t h e r con t r ac t i ng S t a t e e , provided that t h e
-
n
requ i rements under which such c e r t i f i c a t e s o r l i c e n s e s
were i s s u e d o r rendered v a l i d a r e equa l t o o r above
t h e minimum e tandarde which may be e s t a b l i s h e d from
t ime t o t ime pu r suan t t o t h i s Convention.
A r t i c l e 34 -- - Journey There shall be main ta ined i n r e s p e c t of every l o g books
a i r c r a f t engaged i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l n a v i g a t i o n a jour-
ney l o g book i n which shal l be e n t e r e d p a r t i c u l a r s of
t h e a i r c r a f t , i t s crew and of each Journey, i n such
form as may be p r e s c r i b e d from t ime t o t ime pu r suan t
t o t h i s Convention.
A r t i c l e 35 Cargo ( a ) No muni t ione of w a r o r implements of w a r may r e e t r i c t i o n s
be c a r r i e d i n o r above t h e t e r r i t o r y of a S t a t e i n
a i r c r a f t engaged i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l nav iga t ion , except
by permiss ion of such S t a t e . Each S t a t e shall d e t e r -
mine by r e g u l a t i o n s what c o n s t i t u t e s muni t ions of w a r
o r implements o f w a r f o r t h e purposes of t h i s A r t i c l e ,
g i v i n g due c o n s i d e r a t i o n , f o r t h e purposes of un i -
fo rmi ty , t o such recommendations as t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l
C i v i l Avia t ion Organiza t ion may from t ime t o t ime
make.
(b) Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e r e s e r v e s t h e r i g h t ,
f o r reasons of p u b l i c - o r d e r and e a f e t y , t o r e g u l a t e
o r p r o h i b i t t h e c a r r i a g e i n o r above i t s t e r r i t o r y
of a r t i c l e s o t h e r than t h o s e enumerated i n p a r ~ g r a p h
(a) : provided that no d i s t i n c t i o n i s made i n t h i s
r e e p e c t between i t e n a t i o n a l a i r c r a f t engaged i n
i n t e r n a t i o n a l nav iga t ion and t h e a i r c r a f t of t h e
.-
o t h e r S t z t e s so engaged; and provided f u r t h e r t h a t
no r e s t r i c t i o n s h a l l be imposed which may i n t e r f e r e
with the c a r r i a g e and use on a i r c r a f t of apparatus
necessary f o r t h e opera t ion o r navigat ion of t h e air-
c r a f t o r the s a f e t y of t h e personnel o r passengers.
A r t i c l e 36 Each con t rac t ing S t a t e may p r o h i b i t o r r e g u l a t e
t h e use of photographic apparatus i n a i r c r a f t over
i t e t e r r i t o r y .
CHAPTER VI
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED PEACTICES
A r t i c l e 37
Each con t rac t ing S t a t e undertakes t o co l l abora te i n t e r n a t i o n a l
formity i n regula t ione , s tandards, procedures, and
organiza t ion i n r e l a t i o n t o a i r c r a f t , personnel, a i r -
ways and a u x i l i a r y se rv ices i n a l l ma t t e r s i n which
such uniformity w i l l f a c i l i t a t e and improve a i r
navigat ion.
To t h i s end t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l C i v i l Aviation
Organization s h a l l adopt and amend from time t o t ime,
as may be necessary, in terna t ional . s tandards and r ec -
ommended p r a c t i c e s and procedures dea l ing with:
(a) Communications systems and e.ir naviga-
t ion a i d s , including ground marking;
( b ) C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of a i r p o r t s and land-
ing a reas ;
( c ) Rules of t h e a i r and a i r t r a f f i c
cont ro l p r a c t i c e e ;
I * .*
( d ) Licensing of opera t ing and mechanical
pereonnel;
( e ) Airworthiness of a l r c r a f t ;
( f ) Reg i s t r a t ion and i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of
a i r c r a f t ;
(g) Col lec t ion and exchange of meteoro-
l o g i c a l Information;
( h ) Log booke;
(i) Aeronautical maps and c h a r t s ;
(j) Customs and immigration procedures;
( k ) Ai rc ra f t i n d i s t r e e s and i n v e s t i g a t i o n
of acc idents ;
and euch o t h e r mat ters concerned with t h e sa fe ty ,
r e g u l a r i t y , and e f f i c i ency of a i r navigat ion as may
from time t o t ime appear appropr ia te .
A r t i c l e 38
Departures Any S t a t e which f i n d s i t impractica.ble t o comply from i n t e r - na t ion81 i n a l l r e spec t8 with any such i n t e r n a t i o n a l s tandard s tandards and proce- or .procedure , o r t o br ing i t 6 own regu la t ions o r dures
p r a c t i c e e i n t o f u l l accord w i t h any i n t e r n a t i o n a l
e tandard o r procedure a f t e r amendment of t h e l a t t e r ,
o r which deems i t neceeeary t o adopt r egu la t ions o r
p r a c t i c e e d i f f e r i n g i n any p a r t i c u l a r r e spec t from
those ee tab l i shed by an i n t e r n a t i o n a l standard, s h a l l
g ive immediate n o t i f i c a t i o n t o t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l C i v i l
A v i ~ t i o n Organization of t h e d i f fe rences between i t s
own p r a c t i c e and t h a t ee tab l i shed by t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l
s tandard. I n t h e case of amendments t o i n t e r n a t i o n a l
s tandards, any S t a t e which does not make t h e
P
4 Y
A r t i o l e 39 Endorsement (a) Any a i r c r a f t o r p a r t thereof w i t h respect of c e r t i f i -
t o which t h e r e e x i s t s an i n t e r n a t i o n a l standard of
a i rwor th iness o r perforrnanoe, and which f a i l e d i n any
respec t t o s a t i s f y t h a t s tandard at t h e time of i t s
c e r t i f i c a t i o n , s h a l l have endorsed on o r a t tached
t o i t s a i rwor th iness c e r t i f i c a t e a complete enumera-
t i o n of t h e d e t a i l s i n respeot of which it so f a i l e d .
(b ) Any person holding a l i c e n s e who does not
s a t i s f y i n f u l l t h e condi t ions l a i d down i n t h e i n t e r -
na t iona l s tandard r e l a t i n g t o t h e c l a s s of l i c e n s e
o r c e r t i f i c a t e which he holds s h a l l have endorsed on
o r a t t ached t o h i s l i c e n s e a complete enumeration of
t h e p a r t i c u l a r s i n which he does not s a t i s f y such
condit ions.
A r t i c l e 40
No a i r c r a f t o r personnel having c e r t i f i c a t e s o r
c e r t i f i c a t e s l i c e n s e s so endorsed s h a l l p a r t i c i p a t e i n in te rna - and l i c e n s e s
t i o n a l navigat ion, except with t h e permission of t h e
S t a t e o r S t a t e s whose t e r r i t o r y i s entered. The
7
appropr ia te amendments t o i t s own regu la t ions o r prac-
t i c e s shall g i v e n o t i c e t o t h e Council within s i x t y
days of t h e adoption of t h e amendment t o t h e in te rna -
t i o n a l standard, o r i n d i c a t e t h e ac t ion which i t
proposes t o take . I n any such case, t h e Council
shall make immediate not if i c a t i o n t o a l l o t h e r s t a t e s
of t h e d i f f e r e n c e which e x i s t s between one o r more
f e a t u r e s of an i n t e r n a t i o n a l s tandard and t h e cor-
responding n a t i o n a l p r a c t i c e of t h a t S t a t e .
r e g i s t r a t i o n o r u se of any such a i r c r a f t , o r of any
c e r t i f ' i c a t e d a i r c r a f t p a r t , i n any S t a t e o t h e r t han
that i n which it was o r i g i n a l l y c e r t i f i c a t e d s h a l l
be a t t h e d i s c r e t i o n of t h e S t a t e i n t o which t h e air-
c r a f t o r p a r t i s imported.
A r t i c l e 41
Recogni t ion The p r o v i s i o n s of t h i s Chapter shall no t apply of e x i s t i n g ~ t a n d - a r d s t o a i r c r a f t and a i r c r a f t equipment of t y p e s of which of a i r w o r t h i - n e s s t h e p ro to type i s submit ted t o t h e a p p r o p r i a t e n a t i o n a l
a u t h o r i t i e s f o r c e r t i f i c a t i o n p r i o r t o a d a t e t h r e e
y e a r s a f t e r t h e d a t e of adopt ion of an i n t e r n a t i o n a l
s t a n d a r d of a i r w o r t h i n e s s f o r such equipment.
A r t i c l e - 42
Recogni t ion The p r o v i s i o n s of t h i s Chapter shall not apply of e x i s t i n g s t anda rds of t o personne l whose l i c e n s e s a r e o r i g i n a l l y i s s u e d competency of personne l p r i o r t o a d a t e one y e a r a f t e r i n i t i a . 1 adopt ion of
an i n t e r n a t i o n a l s t anda rd o f q u e l i f i c a t i o n f o r such
personne l ; bu t tney shall i n any c a s e ~ p p l y t o a l l
pe r sonne l whose l i c e n s e s remain v a l i d f i v e y e a r s a f t e r
t h e d a t e of adopt ion of such s tandard.
PART 11. THE INTEPdATIONAL CIVIL AVIATIOJ ORGANIZATION --
CHAPTER VII
THE ORGANIZATION
A r t i c l e 43 Name and An org'a-nization t o be named t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l composit ion
C i v i l Avia t ion Organiza t ion i s formed by t h e Conven-
t i o n . It i s made up of an Assembly, a Council , and
such o t h e r bod ie s as may be necessary .
A r t i c l e 44
The aims and o b j e c t i v e s of t h e Organization a r e
t o develop t h e p r i n c i p l e s and. techniques of i n t e r -
na t iona l a i r navigat ion tins- t o f o s t e r t h e planning
and development of i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r t r a n s p o r t so a s
(a) Insure t h e sa fe and o rde r ly growth of
i n t e rna t ion& c i v i l a v i a t i o n throughout t h e
(b ) Encourage t h e a r t s of a i r c r a f t design
and opera t ion f o r peaceful purposee;
( c ) Encourage t h e development of airways,
a i r p o r t s , and air naviga t ion f a c l l i t i e s f o r
I n t e r n a t i o n a l c i v i l a v i s t i o n ;
(d ) Meet t h e needs of t h e peoples of t h e
world f o r sa fe , r egu la r , e f f i c i e n t and economical
a i r t r a n s p o r t ;
( e ) Prevent economic waete ca.used by un-
reasonable conpet i t ion;
( f ) Insure t h a t t h e r i g h t s of con t rac t ing
S t a t e e a r e f u l l y respected end t h a t every con-
t r a c t i n g S t a t e has a f a i r opportuni ty t o opera te
i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r l i n e s ;
( g ) Avoid d i s c r i n i n a t i o n between cont rac t -
ing S t a t e s ;
(h) Promote s a f e t y of f l i g h t i n in te rna -
t i o n a l ~ i r navigat ion;
( i) Promote genera l ly t h e development of
a l l a spec t s of i n t e r n a t i o n a l c i v i l aeronaut i c s .
Permanent s e a t
F i r s t meet- t i n g of Assembly
Legal capac i ty
Meetings of Assembly
1 and vo t ing I
A r t i c l e 45
The permanent s e a t of t h e Organization shall be
at such p l ace a e shall be determined a t t h e f i n a l
nee t i ng of t h e In t e r im Assembly of t h e Prov is iona l
I n t e r n a t i o n a l C i v i l Aviat ion Organization s e t up by
t h e In te r im Agreement on I n t e r n a t i o n a l C i v i l Aviation
s igned at Chicago on December 7, 1944. The s ea t may
be t emporarily t r a n s f e r r e d elsewhere by dec i s ion of
t h e Council.
A r t i c l e 46 The f i r s t meeting of t h e Assembly s h a l l be sum-
moned by t h e In te r im Council of t h e above-mentioned
P rov i s iona l Organization as soon as t h e Convention has
come i n t o f o r c e , t o meet at a time and p lace t o be
decided by t h e In te r im Council.
A r t i c l e 47
The Organizat ion shall enjoy i n t h e t e r r i t o r y
of each con t r ac t i ng S t a t e such l e g a l capac i ty a s may
be necessary f o r t h e performance of i t s func t ions .
F u l l J u r i d i c a l pe raona l i t y s h a l l be g ran ted wherever
compatible with t h e c o n s t i t u t i o n m d laws of t h e S t a t e
concerned.
CHAPTER VIII
THE ASSEMBLY
A r t i c l e - 48
(a) The Assembly shall meet annual ly and s h a l l
be convened by t h e Council at a s u i t a b l e time and
p l ace . Extraordinary meetings of t h e Assembly may
be he ld a t any time upon t h e c a l l of t h e Council o r
a t t h e request of any t e n con t rac t ing S t a t e s ~ d d r e s s e d
t o t h e Secre tary General.
( b ) A l l con t rac t ing S t a t e s s h a l l have an equal
r i g h t t o be represented at t h e meetings of t h e
Assembly and each con t rac t ing S t a t e s h a l l be e n t i t l e d
t o one vote. Delegates represent ing con t rac t ing
S t a t e s may be a s s i s t e d by t echn ica l adv i se r s who may
p a r t i c i p a t e i n t h e meetings but s h a l l have no vote .
( c ) A majori ty of t h e con t rac t ing S t a t e s i s
requi red t o c o n s t i t u t e a quorum f o r t h e meetings of
t h e Assembly. Unless otherwise provided i n t h i s
Convention, dec i s ions of t h e Assembly s h a l l be taken
by a m ~ j o r i t y of t h e votes c a s t .
A r t i c l e 49
Powers and The powers and d u t i e s of t h e Assembly s h a l l be d u t i e s of Assembly to:
(a) Elec t 8.t each meeting i t s Pres iden t
and o t h e r o f f i c e r s ;
( b ) Elect t h e con t rac t ing S t a t e s t o be
represented on t h e Council, i n accordance wi th
t h e provis ions of Chapter I X ;
( c ) Exmine and t ake appropr ia te a c t i o n on
t h e r e p o r t s of t h e Council and decide on any mat-
t e r r e f e r r e d t o i t by t h e Council;
( d ) Determine i t s own r u l e s of procedure
and e s t a b l i s h such subs id iary commissions a s i t
may cons ider t o be necessary o r d e s i r a b l e ;
( e ) Vote an annual budget and determine
t h e f i n a n c i a l arrangements of t h e Organization,
i n accordance with t h e provis ions of Chapter X I I ;
( f ) Review expenditures and approve t h e
accounts of t h e Organization;
( g ) Refer, at i t s d i s c r e t i o n , t o the
Council, t o subs id iary c o m i s s i o n s , o r t o any
o t h e r body any mat ter wi th in i t s sphere of a c t i o n
(h) Delegate t o t h e Council t h e powers and
au thor i ty necessary o r d e s i r a b l e f o r t h e d i s -
charge of t h e d u t i e s of t h e Organization and
revoke o r modify t h e de legat ions of au thor i ty a t
m y time;
(i) Carry out t h e appropr ia te provis ions
of Chapter X I I I ;
( j) Consider proposals f o r t h e modifica-
t i o n o r amendment of t h e p rov i s ions of t h i s
Convention and, if it approves of t h e proposals ,
recommend them t o t h e con t rac t ing S t a t e s i n
accordance w i t h t h e provis ions of Chapter XXI;
(k) Deal with any mat ter wi th in t h e sphere
of a c t i o n of t h e Organizat ion not s p e c i f i c a l l y
assigned t o t h e Council.
CHAPTER I X
THE COUNCIL
A r t i c l e 50
Composition (a) The Council shall be a permanent body respon a n d e l e c t ion of Council s i b l e t o t h e Assembly. It s h a l l be composed of twenty
one con t rac t ing S t a t e s e l e c t e d by t h e Assembly. An
e l e c t i o n shall be h e l d a t t h e f i r s t meeting of t h e
Assembly and t h e r e a f t e r every t h r e e years , and t h e mem-
be rs of t h e Council so e l e c t e d shall ho ld o f f i c e u n t i l
t he next fo l lowing e l e c t i o n .
(b) I n e l e c t i n g t h e nembers of t h e Council, t h e
Assembly shal l g i v e adequate r ep re sen t a t i on t o (1) t h e
S t a t e s of chief importance i n a i r t r a n s p o r t ; (2) the
S t a t e s not o therwise included which make t h e l a r g e s t
con t r i bu t ion t o t h e p rov i s ion of f a c i l i t i e s f o r i n t e r -
na t i ona l c i v i l a i r navigat ion; and (3 ) t h e S t a t e s not
otherwise included whose des ignat ion w i l l i n su re that
a l l t h e major geographic a r e a s of t h e world a r e repre -
sen ted on t h e Council. Any vacancy on t h e Council
shall be f i l l e d by t h e Assembly as soon ns poss ib l e ;
any con t r ac t i ng S t a t e so e l e c t e d t o t h e Council shall
ho ld o f f i c e f o r t h e unexpired po r t i on of i t s prede-
c e s s o r ' s term of o f f i ce .
( c ) No r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of a con t r ac t i ng S t a t e on
t h e Council shall be a c t i v e l y a.ssocia.ted with t h e
opera t ion of an i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r s e r v i c e o r f inan-
c i a l l y i n t e r e s t e d i n such a se rv i ce ,
A r t i c l e 2 The Council shall e l e c t i t s Pres iden t f o r a t e r n
. of Council of t h r e e yea r s . He may be r e e l e c t e d . He shall have
no vote . The Council shall e l e c t from among i t s mem-
be r s one o r more Vice P r e s i d e n t s who s h a l l re ta , in t h e i
r i g h t t o vote when se rv ing as a c t i n g P re s iden t . The
Pres iden t need no t be s e l e c t e d from among t h e r ep re -
s e n t a t i v e s of t h e members of t h e Council bu t , if a
r e p r e s e n t a t i v e i s e lec ted , h i s s e a t shall be deemed
vacant and it shall be f i l l e d by t h e S t a t e which he
represented. The d u t i e s of t h e P re s iden t s h a l l be
(a.) Convene meetings of t h e Council, t h e
A i r T r ~ n s p o r t Committee, and t h e A i r Navigation
Commission;
( b ) Serve as r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e
Council; and
( c ) C ~ r r y out on behalf of t h e Council t h e
func t ions which t h e Council a s s igns t o him.
A r t i c l e 52
Decisions by t h e Council shall r e q u i r e approval
by a major i ty of i t s members. The Council may de le -
g a t e a u t h o r i t y with r e spec t t o any p a r t i c u l a r ma t t e r
t o a committee of i t s members. Decisions of any com-
m i t t e e of t h e Council may be appealed t o t h e Council
by any i n t e r e s t e d con t r ac t i ng S t a t e .
A r t i c l e 53
P a r t i c i p a t i o n Any con t r ac t i ng S t a t e may p a r t i c i p a t e , without without a
a vote, i n t h e cons idera t ion by t h e Council and by
i t s committees and commiseions of any quest ion which
e spec i a l l y a f f e c t s i t s i n t e r e s t s . No member of t h e
Council she.11 vo t e i n t h e coneiderat ion by t h e Council
of a d i spu t e t o which i t i s a pa r ty .
~ r t i c l e 54 The Council shall:
of Council (a ) Submit a n n u d r e p o r t s t o t h e Assembly;
F
Assembly and discharge t h e d u t i e s and o b l i g a t i o n s
which a r e l a i d on i t by t h i s Convention;
( c ) Determine i t s o rgan iza t ion and r u l e s
of procedure;
( d ) Appoint and def ine t h e d u t i e s of an
A i r Transport Committee, which s h a l l be chosen
from among t h e r ep re sen t a t i ve s of t h e members of
t h e Council, and which s h a l l be respons ib le t o i t ;
( e ) Es t ab l i eh an A i r Navigation Commission,
i n accordance with t h e p rov is ions of Chapter X;
( f ) Administer t h e f i nances of t h e Organi-
za t i on i n accordance w i th t h e p rov i s ions of
Chapters X I 1 and XV;
(g) Determine t h e emoluments of t he P r e s i -
dent of t h e Council;
( h ) Appoint a chief execut ive o f f i c e r who
s h a l l be c a l l e d t h e Secre ta ry General , and make
prov is ion f o r t he appointment of such o t h e r
personnel as may be necessary, i n accordance with
t h e p rov i s ions of Chapter X I ;
( i ) Request, c o l l e c t , examine and pub l i eh
information r e l a t i n g t o t h e advancement of a i r
navigat ion and t h e opera t ion of i n t e r n a t i o n a l
a i r s e rv i ce s , inc lud ing information about t h e
c o s t s of operEt ion and p a r t i c u l a r s of subsi i i ies
p a i d t o a i r l i n e s from p u b l i c funds;
( J ) Report t o con t r ac t i ng S t a t e s any in -
f r a c t i o n of t h i s Convention, a s we l l as any fa i l -
u re t o c a r r y ou t recommendations o r determinat ions
(k) Report t o t h e Assembly any i n f r a c t i o n
of t h i s Convention where a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e h a s
f a i l e d t o t a k e a p p r o p r i a t e a c t i o n w i t h i n a r e a -
sonable t ime a f t e r n o t i c e of t h e i n f r a c t i o n ;
(1) Adopt, i n accordance wi th t h e p r o v i -
s i o n s of Chapter V I of t h i s Convention, i n t e r n a -
t i o n a l s t a n d a r d s and recommended p r a c t i c e s ; f o r
convenience, d e s i g n a t e them as Annexes t o t h i s
Convention; and n o t i f y a l l c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s of
t h e a c t i o n taken;
(m) Consid.er recommendations of t h e A i r
Navigat ion Commission f o r amendment of t h e
Annexes and t a k e a c t i o n i n accordance with t h e
p r o v i s i o n s of Chapter XX;
( n ) Consider any m a t t e r r e l a t i n g t o t h e
Convention which c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e r e f e r s
i t .
A r t i c l e 55
The Council may:
Pe rmiss ive ( a ) Where a p p r o p r i a t e and as exper ience f u n c t i o n s of Council m a y show t o be d e s i r a b l e , c r e a t e subord ina te a i r
t r a n s p o r t commissions on a r e g i o n a l o r o t h e r
b a s i s and d e f i n e groups of s t a t e s o r a i r l i n e s
with o r through which it m a y d e a l t o f a c i l i t a t e
t h e c a r r y i n g o u t of t h e aims of t h i s Convention;
( b ) Delegate t o t h e A i r Navigat ion Com-
miss ion d u t i e s a d d i t i o n a l t o t h o s e s e t f o r t h i n
t h e Convention and revoke o r modify such d e l e -
g a t i o n s of a u t h o r i t y at any t ime;
( c ) Conduct r e s e a r c h i n t o a l l a spec t s of
air t r a n s p o r t and air navigat ion which a r e of
i n t e r n a t i o n a l importance, communicate t h e r e s u l t s
of i t s r e sea rch t o t h e con t r ac t i ng S t a t e s , and
f a c i l i t a t e t h e exchange of information between
con t r ac t i ng S t a t e s on a i r t r a n s p o r t and air
navigat ion mat ters ;
( d ) Study any ma t t e r s a f f e c t i n g t h e organ-
i z a t i o n and opera t ion of i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r
tre.nsport , including t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l ownership
and opera t ion of i n t e r n a t i o n a l air se rv i ce s on
t runk r o u t e s , anc? submit t o t h e Assembly pla.ns
i n r e l a t i o n t he re to ;
( e ) I n v e s t i g a t e , at t h e reques t of any
con t r ac t i ng S t a t e , any s i t u a t i o n which may ap-
pear t o p r e sen t avoidable o b s t a c l e s t o t h e
development of i n t e r n a t i o n a l air navigat ion;
and, a f t e r such i n v e s t i g a t i o n , i s s u e such
r e p o r t s as may appear t o i t d e s i r a b l e .
CHAPTER X
THE AIR NAVIGATION COI4MISSION
A r t i c l e 2
Nomination The A i r Navigation Commission shall be composed and appoint- ment of of twelve members appointed by t h e Council from among Commission
persona nominated by con t r ac t i ng S t a t e s . These
persons s h a l l have s u i t a b l e q u a l i f i c a t i o n s and expe-
r i e n c e i n t h e sc ience and p r a c t i c e of ae ronau t i c s .
The Council s h a l l request a l l con t r ac t i ng S t a t e s t o
submit nominations. The P re s iden t of t h e A i r Naviga-
t i o n Commission shall be appointed by t h e Council.
A r t i c l e 57
Duties of The A i r Navigation Commission s h a l l : Commission
(a) Consider, and recommend t o t h e Council
f o r adoption, modif ica t ions of t h e Annexes t o
t h i s Convention;
( b ) E s t a b l i s h t e c h n i c a l subcommissions on
which any con t r ac t i ng S t a t e may be represen ted ,
if i t so d e s i r e s ;
( c ) Advise t h e Council concerning t h e co l -
l e c t i o n and communication t o t h e con t r ac t i ng
S t a t e s of a l l informat ion which it cons iders nec-
essary and u s e f u l f o r t h e advancement of a i r
navigat ion.
CHAPTER X I
PERSONNEL
A r t i c l e 58
Appointment Subject t o any r u l e s l a i d down by t h e Assembly of personne l
and t o t h e p rov i s ions of t h i s Convention, t h e Council
shall determine t h e method of appointment and. of
t e rmina t ion of appointment, t h e t r a i n i n g , and t h e
s a l a r i e s , allowances, and condi t ions of s e rv i ce of
t n e Secre ta ry General and o t h e r personnel of t h e
Organization, and may employ o r make use of t h e serv-
i c e s of n a t i o n a l s of any c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e .
A r t i c l e - 59
I n t e r n a t i o n a l The P re s iden t of t h e Council, t h e Secretary c h a r a c t e r of personnel General, and o t h e r personnel shall not seek o r r ece ive
i n s t r u c t i o n s i n regard t o t h e discharge of t h e i r
r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s from any a u t h o r i t y ex t e rna l t o t h e
I Organization. Each con t r ac t i ng S t a t e undertakes
Immunities and pr iv - i l e g e s of personnel
Budget and apportion- ment of expenses
f u l l y t o r e spec t t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c h a r a c t e r of t h e
r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s of t h e personnel and not t o seek t o
i n f luence any of i t s n a t i o n a l s i n t h e discharge of
t h e i r responsibilities.
A r t i c l e 60
Each con t r ac t i ng S t a t e undertakes, so f a r as
poss ib l e under i t s cons t i tu t iona l . procedure, t o a c c a r j
t o t h e Pree iden t of t h e Council, t h e Secre ta ry
General, and t h e o t h e r personnel of t h e Organizat ion,
t h e iinrnunities and p r i v i l e g e s which a r e accorded t o
corresponding personnel of o t h e r p u b l i c i n t e r n a t i o n a l
o rgan iza t ions . I f a genera l i n t e r n a t i o n a l agreement
on t h e immunities and p r i v i l e g e s of i n t e r n a t l o n a l
c i v i l s e rvan t s i s a r r i v e d a t , t h e irnmunitiee and
p r i v i l e g e s accorded t o t h e P re s iden t , t h e Secre ta ry
General, and t h e o t h e r personnel of t h e Organizat ion
shall be t h e immunities and p r i v i l e g e s accorded under
t h a t genera l i n t e r n a t i o n a l agreement.
CHAPTER XI1
FINANCE
A r t i c l e 61 The Council s h a l l submit t o t h e Assembly an
annual budget, annual s ta tements of accounts and
es t imates of a l l r e c e i p t s and expenditures. The
Assembly s h a l l vote t h e budget with whatever modifi-
c a t i o n i t sees f i t t o p re sc r ibe , and, w i t h t h e
exception of assessments under Chapter XV t o S t a t e s
consenting t h e r e t o , shall appor t ion t h e expenses
-
of t h e Organizat ion among t h e con t r ac t i ng S t a t e s on
t h e b a s i s which i t shall from time t o time determine.
A r t i c l e 62 Suspension The Assembly may suspend t h e vo t ing power I n t h e of vo t ing power Assembly and I n t h e Council of m y con t r ac t i ng S t a t e
that f a i l s t o d i ssharge wi th in a reasonable pe r iod i t s
f i n a n c i a l o b l i g a t i o n s t o t h e Organizat ion.
A r t i c l e 63 Expenses of Each con t r ac t i ng S t a t e s h a l l bear t h e expenses of de lega t ions and o t h e r i t s own de l ega t ion t o t h e Assembly and t h e remunera- repre - s e n t a t i v e s t i o n , t r a v e l , and o t h e r expenses of any person whom
it appoints t o se rve on t h e Council, and of i t s
nominees o r r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s on any subs id ia ry commit-
t e e s o r cornmiesions of t h e Organization.
CHAPTER XI11
OTHER INTERNATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
A r t i c l e 64
Secur i t y The Organizat ion may, w i t h r espec t t o a i r ma t t e r s arrange- ment s w i th in i t s competence d i r e c t l y a f f e c t i n g world secu-
r i t y , by vote of t h e Assembly e n t e r i n t o appropr ia te
arrangements w i t h any gene ra l o rgan iza t ion s e t up by
t h e na t i ons of t h e world t o preserve peace.
A r t i c l e 65
Arrangements The Council, on behalf of t h e Organizat ion, may with o t h e r i n t e r - e n t e r i n t o agreements with o t h e r i n t e r n a t i o n a l bodies n a t i o n a l bodies f o r t h e maintenance of common se rv i ce s and f o r corn-
mon arrangements concerning personnel and, with t h e
-
approval of t h e Assembly, may e n t e r i n t o suzh o t h e r
arrangements a e may f a c i l i t a t e t h e work of t h e
Organization.
A r t i c l e 66
( a ) The Organization s h a l l a l s o ca r ry out t h e
func t ions p laced upon i t by t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l A i r
Serv ices T r a n s i t Agreenent and by t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l
A i r Transport Agreement drawn up at Chicago on
December 7, 1944, i n accordance with t h e terms and
condi t ions t h e r e i n s e t f o r t h .
(b) Members o f t h e Assembly and t h e Council who
have not accepted the I n t e r n a t i o n a l A i r Serv ices
T rans i t Agreement o r t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l A i r Transport
Agreement drawn up a t Chicago on December 7, 1944
s h a l l not have t h e r i g h t t o vote on any quest ions
r e f e r r e d t o t h e Aseembly o r Council under t h e prov i -
s ions of t h e re levant Agreement.
PART 111. INTERNATIONAL fi TRANSPORT -- -
CHAPTER X I V
INFORMATION AND REPORTS
A r t i c l e 67 Each con t r ac t ing S t a t e undertakes t h a t i t s
i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r l i n e s s h a l l , i n accordance with re -
quirements l a i d down by t h e Council, f i l e wi th t h e
Council t r a f f i c r e p o r t s , cos t s t a t i s t i c s and f inan-
c i a l s ta tements showing among o the r t h i n g s a l l
r e c e i p t s and t h e sources thereof .
A r t i c l e 68
Designation Each con t r ac t i ng S t a t e may, subJec t t o t h e pro- of r o u t e s and a i r p o r t s v i s i o n s of t h i e Convention, des igna te t h e rou t e t o be
fol lowed wi th in it s t e r r i t o r y by any i n t e r n a t i o n a l
a i r s e r v i c e and t h e a i r p o r t s which any such s e r v i c e
may use.
A r t i c l e 69 Improvement If t h e Council i a of t h e opinion that t h e air- of- ~ i r nav iga t ion p o r t s o r o t h e r a i r nav iga t ion f a c i l i t i e s , inc lud ing f a c i l i t i e s
r ad io and meteorological s e rv i ce s , of a con t r ac t i ng
S t a t e a r e no t reasonably adequate f o r t h e sa fe ,
r egu la r , e f f i c i e n t , and economical opera t i3n o f i n t e r -
n a t i o n a l a i r s e rv i ce s , p r e sen t o r contemplated, t h e
Council sha.11 consu l t w i t h t h e S t a t e d i r e c t l y con-
cerned. and o t h e r S t a t e s a f f ec t ed , w i t h a view t o
f i n d i n g means by which t h e s i t u a t i o n may be remedied,
and m a y make recommendations f o r that purpose. No
con t r ac t i ng S t a t e shall be g u i l t y of an i n f r a c t i o n
of t h i s Convention i f i t f a i l 9 t o ca r ry ou t these
recommendat ions .
A r t i c l e 3
Financing of A con t r ac t i ng S t a t e , i n t h e circumstances a r i a - a i r naviga- t i o n f a c i l i - i n g under t h e p rov is ions of A r t i c l e 69, may conclude t i e s
en arrangement with t h e Council f o r g iv ing e f f e c t t o
such recommendations. The S t a t e may e l e c t t o bear
a l l of t h e c o s t s involved i n any such armngement.
If t h e S t a t e does not so e l e c t , t h e Council may
Provis ion and main- tenance of f a c i l i t i e s by Council
Acquisi t ion
Expenditure and assess- ment of funds
agree, a t t h e request of t h e S t a t e , t o provide f o r
a l l o r a p o r t i o n of t h e c o s t s .
A r t i c l e 71
I f R con t r ac t ing S t a t e so reques t s , t h e
Council may agree t o provide, man, maintain, and
adminis ter any o r a l l of t h e a i ~ o r t s and o t h e r a i r
navigat ion f a c i l i t i e s , inc lud ing rad io and meteoro-
l o g i c a l services, r equ i r ed i n i t s t e r r i t o r y f o r t h e
saf e , regu la r , e f f i c i e n t and economical opera t ion
of t he i n t e r n a t i o n ~ l a i r s e r v i c e s of t h e o t h e r
con t r ac t ing S t a t e s , and may specify j u s t and rea-
sonable charges f o r t h e use of t h e f a c i l i t i e s pro-
vided.
A r t i c l e 72
Where l and i s needed f o r f a c i l i t i e s f inanced i n
whole o r i n p a r t by t h e Council at t h e request of
a cont rac t ing S t a t e , t h a t S t a t e shall e i t h e r pro-
vide t h e land i t s e l f , r e t a i n i n g t i t l e i f i t wishes,
o r f a c i l i t a t e t h e use of t h e l a n d by t h e Council on
j u s t and reasonable terms and i n accordance wi th
t h e laws of t h e S t a t e concerned.
A r t i c l e 73 Within t h e l i m i t of t h e funds which may be
made a v a i l a b l e t o it by t h e As~embly under Chapter
X I I , t h e Council may m ~ k e cu r r en t expendi tures f o r
t h e purposes of t h i s Chapter from t h e genera l funds
of t h e Organization. The Council shall a s s e s s t h e
Chapter i n p rev ious ly agreed propor t lone over R Pea,-
6 0 n ~ b l e per iod of time t o t h e con t r ac t i ng S t a t e s
consenting t h e r e t o whose a i r l i n e s use t h e f a c i l i t i e s .
The Council may a l s o a s s e s s t o Bta tes that consent
any working funds that a r e requ i red .
A r t i c l e 74 When t h e Council, a t t h e reqdes t of a con t r ac t -
a s s i s t a n c e and u t i l i - i n g S t a t e , advances funds o r provides a i r p o r t s o r
revenues o t h e r f a c i l i t i e s i n whole o r i n p a r t , t h e arrange-
ment may provide , with t h e conaent of t h a t Bta te , f o r
t e c h n i c a l a s s i s t a n c e i n t h e supervis ion and ope ra t i on
of t h e a i r p o r t s and o t h e r f a c i l i t i e s , and f o r t h e
payment, from t h e revenues der ived from t h e ope ra t i on
of t h e a i r p o r t s and o t h e r f a c i l i t i e s , of t h e opera t -
i ng expenses of tht; a i r p o r t s and t h e o t h e r f a c i l i t i e s ,
and of i n t e r e s t and amor t iza t ion charges.
A r t i c l e 75
A con t r ac t i ng S t a t e may at any time discharge
any o b l i g a t i o n i n t o which i t has en te red under
A r t i c l e ? O D and t ake over a i r p o r t s and o the r f a c i i -
i t i e s which t h e Council has provided i n i t s t e r r i -
t o r y pursuant t o t h e p rov i s ions of A r t i c l e s 71 and
72, by paying t o t h e Council an emount which i n t h e
opinion of t h e Council i s reasonable i n t h e circum-
s tances . If t h e S t a t e cons iders that t h e amgunt
Tixed by t h e Council i s unreasona,ble i t may appeal
t o t h e Assembly aga ins t t h e dec i s ion of t h e Council
lip i)
and t h e Aesembly may oonfirm o r amend t h e dec i s ion
of t h e Council.
A r t i c l e 3 Return Funds ob ta ined by t h e Council through reim- of funds bursement under A r t i c l e 75 and from r e c e i p t s of
i n t e r e s t and amor t iza t ion payments under A r t i c l e 74
shall , i n t h e caee of advances o r i g i n a l l y f inanced
by S t a t e s under A r t i c l e 73, be re tu rned t o t h e
S t a t e s which were o r i g i n a l l y aeseseed i n t h e propor-
t i o n of t h e i r assessments, as determined by t h e
Council.
CHAPTER X V I
J O I N T OPERATING ORGANIZATIONS AND POOLED SERVICES
A r t i c l e 77 Nothing i n t h i s Convention shall prevent two
o r more con t r ac t i ng S t a t e s from c o n s t i t u t i n g j o i n t
a i r t r a n s p o r t opera t ing organ iza t ions o r i n t e rna -
t i o n a l ope ra t i ng agencies and from pool ing t h e i r a i r
s e r v i c e s on any rou t e s o r i n any reg ions , but such
o rgan iza t i ons o r agencies and such pooled se rv ice8
s h a l l be sub j ec t t o a l l t h e p rov i s ions of t h i e
Convention, inc lud ing those r e l a t i n g t o t h e r eg i s -
t r a t i o n of agreements with t h e Council. The Council
s h a l l determine i n what manner t h e p rov i s ions of
t h i s Convention r e l a t i n g t o n a t i o n a l i t y of a i r c r a f t
shall apply t o a i r c r a f t o p e r s t ed by i n t e r n a t i o n a l
opera t ing agencies .
I
v
A r t i c l e 3 Function of The Council may suggest t o con t r ac t i ng S t a t e s Council
concerned that they form j o i n t o rgan iza t i ons t o oper-
a t e air s e r v i c e s on any r o u t e s o r i n any regions .
A r t i c l e 2 P a r t i c i - A S t a t e may par t i c ip8 , te In j o i n t opera t ing organ- pa t i on i n ope ra t i ng i z a t i o n s o r i n pool ing arrangements, e i t h e r through organiza- t i o n s I ts government o r through an a i r l i n e company o r com-
pan i e s des ignated by i t s government. The companies
may, at t h e s o l e d i s c r e t i o n of t h e S t a t e concerned, be
state-owned o r p a r t l y state-owned o r p r i v a t e l y owned.
PART I V FINAL PROVISIONS - -* CHAPTER XVII
OTHER AERONAUTICAL AGREEMENTS AND ARRANGENENTS
A r t i c l e @
P a r i e and Each con t r ac t i ng S t a t e undertakes, immediately Habana Conventione upon t h e coming i n t o f o r c e of t h i s Convention, t o g ive
n o t i c e of denunciat ion of t h e Convention r e l a t i n g t o
t h e Regulat ion of Aer ia l Navigation s igned at P a r i s on
October 13, 1919 o r t h e Convention on Commercial Avia-
t i o n signed at Habana on February 20, 1928, i f i t i s
a p a r t y t o e i t h e r . A s between c o n t r ~ c t i n g S t a t e s , t h i s
Convention supersedes t h e Conventions of P a r i s and
Habana prev ious ly r e f e r r e d t o .
A r t i c l e 81 R e g i s t r a t ion A l l aeronautica.1 agreements which a r e i n e x i s t - of e x i s t i n g agreements ence on t h e coming i n t o f o r c e of t h i s Convention, and
which a r e between a oontra,ct ing S t a t e and any o t h e r
S t a t e o r between an a i r l i n e of a con t r ac t i ng S t a t e and
any o t h e r S t a t e o r t h e a i r l i n e of any o t h e r S t a t e ,
shall be fo r thwi th r e g i e t e r e d w i t h t h e Council.
A r t i c l e 82
The con t r ac t i ng S t a t e s accept t h i e Convention a8
abrogat ing a l l o b l i g a t i o n s and understanding6 between
them which are i ncona i s t ent with i t s terme, wid under-
t ake not t o e n t e r i n t o any euch o b l i g a t i o n s and undel-
s tandings . A con t r ac t i ng S t a t e which, before beoom-
ing a member of t h e Organizat ion hae undertdcen any
ob l iga t i ons toward a non-contract ing S t a t e o r a
n a t i o n a l of a con t r ac t i ng S t a t e o r of a non-contract ing
S t a t e i n c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e terms of t h i e Convention,
s h ~ l l t ake immediate e t eps t o procure i t s r e l e a s e
from t h e ob l iga t i ons . I f an a i r l i n e of any con t r ac t -
ing S t a t e hae en te red i n t o any such incone i s t en t
ob l iga t i ons , t h e S t a t e of which it i s a n a t i o n a l shall
use i t s beet e f f o r t e t o secure t h e i r t e rmina t lon f o r t h -
w i t h and e h a l l i n any event cause them t o be termi-
na ted ae eoon ae such a c t i o n can lawfu l ly be t aken
a f t e r t h e coming i n t o f o r c e of this Convention.
A r t i c l e 83 Reg le t r a t i on SubJect t o t h e p rov ie ions of t h e preceding
arrangement8 A r t i c l e , any con t r ac t i ng S t a t e may make arrangement6
not Incons i s t en t w i t h t h e p rov i s ions o f this Conven-
t i o n . Any such arrmgement e h a l l be fo r thwi th
r e g i s t e r e d w i th t h e Counail, which e h a l l make it
p u b l i c aa soon ae poss ib l e .
*
1
CHAPTER XVIII
DISPUTES AND DEFAULT
A r t i c l e 84 Se t t l emen t I f any disagreement between two o r more c o n t r a c t - of d i s p u t e s
i n g S t a t e s r e l a t i n g t o t h e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o r a p p l i c a -
t i o n of t h i s Convention and i t s Annexes c ~ n n o t be
s e t t l e d by nego t i a t ion , it s h a l l , on t h e a p p l i c a t i o n
of any S t a t e concerned i n t h e d isagreement , be dec ided
by t h e Counci l . No member of t h e Counci l a h a l l v o t e
i n t h e c o n s i d e r a t i o n by t h e Counci l of any d i s p u t e t o
which i t i s a p a r t y . Any c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e mag,
s u b J e c t t o A r t i c l e 85, a p p e a l from t h e d e c i s i o n o f t h e
Counci l t o a n ad & a r b i t r a l t r i b u n a l ag reed upon
w i t h t h e o t h e r p a r t i e s t o t h e d i s p u t e o r t o t h e
Permanent Court of I n t e r n a t i o n a l J u s t i c e . Any such
a p p e ~ l shall be n o t i f i e d t o t h e Counci l w i t h i n s i x t y
days of r e c e i p t of n o t i f i c a t i o n of t h e d e c i s i o n of
t h e Counci l .
A r t i c l e 85
A r b i t r a t i o n If any c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e p a r t y t o a d i s p u t e i n procedure
which t h e d e c i s i o n of t h e Counci.1 i s under a p p e a l h a s
n o t accep ted t h e S t a t u t e of t h e Permanent Court of
I n t e r n a t i o n a l J u s t i c e and t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t e t e s
p a r t i e s t o t h e d i s p u t e cannot a g r e e on t h e cho ice of
t h e arbi t ral t r i b u n a l , each of t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s
p a r t i e s t o t h e d i s p u t e s h a l l name a s i n g l e a r b i t r a t o r
who a h a l l name an umpire. If e i t h e r con t ra , c t ing
S t a t e p a r t y t o t h e d i s p u t e f a i l s t o name an a r b i t r a t o r
w i t h i n a p e r i o d of t h r e e months from t h e d a t e of t h e
appea l , an a r b i t r a t o r s h a l l be named on behal f of
-
G,
t h a t S t a t e by t h e P r e s i d e n t of t h e Council from a
l i s t of q u a l i f i e d and a v a i l a b l e pe r sons mainta ined by
t h e Council . I f , w i t h i n t h i r t y days, t h e a r b i t r e t o r s
cannot ag ree on an umpire, t h e P r e s i d e n t of t h e
Council shall designs-te an umpire from t h e l i s t p r e -
v i o u s l y r e f e r r e d t o . The a r b i t r a t o r s and t h e umpire
s h a l l then J o i n t l y c o n s t i t u t e an a r b i t r a l t r i b u n a l .
Any a r b i t r a l tribuna.1 e s t a b l i s h e d under t n i s o r t h e
preceding A r t i c l e she.11 s e t t l e i t s own procedure and
g i v e i t s d e c i s i o n s by mnJor i ty vote , p rov ided t h a t t h e
Council may determine p r o c e d u r a l q u e s t i o n s i n t h e
event of any d e l a y kthich i n t h e op in ion of t h e Council
i s excess ive .
A r t i c l e 86
Unless t h e Council d e c i d e s o the rwise , any d e c i -
s i o n by t h e Council on whether an i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r -
l i n e i s o p e r a t i n g i n conformity w i t h t h e p r o v i s i o n s
of t h i s Convention s h a l l remain i n e f f e c t u n l e s s r e -
v e r s e d on appea l . On any o t h e r m a t t e r , d e c i s i o n s of
t h e Council s h a l l , i f appealed from, be suspended
u n t i l t h e appeal i s decided. The d e c i s l o n s of t h e
Permanent Court of I n t e r n a t i o n a l J u s t i c e and of an
~ r b i t r a l t r i b u n a l s h a l l be f i n a l and b ind ing .
A r t i c l e 3
Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e under takes not t o a l l o w
t h e o p e r a t i o n of an a i r l i n e of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e
through t h e a i r s p a c e above i t s t e r r i t o r y if t h e
Council h a s dec ided that t h e a i r l i n e concerned i s not
conforming t o a f ina .1 d e c i s i o n rendered i n accordance
A r t i c l e 88 - Pena l ty f o r The Assembly shall suspend t h e v o t i n g power i n non-conf o m - I t y by S t a t e t h e Assembly and i n t h e Council of any c o n t r a c t i n g
S t a t e that i s found i n d e f a u l t under t h e p r o v i s i o n s
of t h i s Chapter .
CWTER X I X
WAR
A r t i c l e 89
I n c a s e of war, t h e p r o v i s i o n s of t h i s Conven-
t i o n s n a l l no t a f f e c t t h e freedom of a c t i o n of a.ng of
t h e c o n t r a c t i n g Sta . tes a f f e c t e d , whether a s b e l l i g -
e r e n t s o r as n e u t r a l s . The same p r i n c i p l e shall
apply i n t h e c a s e of any c o n t r a c t i n g Sta , te which de-
c l a r e s E? s t a t e of r i a t iona l emergency and n o t i f i e s t l i e
f a c t t o t h e Council .
CHAPTER XX
ANNEXES
A r t i c l e 90 Adoption and (a) The adopt ion by t h e Council of t h e Annexes ,mendL~ent of
de sc r ibed i n A r t i c l e 54, subparagraph ( I ) , shall
r e q u i r e t h e v o t e of two- th i rds of t h e Counci l a t a
meeting c a l l e d f o r that purpose and sha l l t hen be sub-
m i t t e d by t h e Counci l t o each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e . Any
such Annex o r any amendment of an Annex shal l become
e f f e c t i v e w i t h i n t h r e e months a f t e r i t s submission t o
t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s o r at t h e end of such longe r
p e r i o d of t ime as t h e Counci l may p r e s c r i b e , u n l e s s
i n t h e memtime a ma jo r i t y of t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s
r e g i s t e r t h e i r d i s app rova l w i t h t h e Counci l .
( b ) The Council sha l l immediately n o t i f y a l l
c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s of t h e coming i n t o f o r c e of any
Annex o r amendnent t h e r e t o ,
RATIFICATION3 , ADHERENCES, AMENDMENTS, AND DENUNCIATIONS
A r t i c l e 91 R a t i f i c a - ( a ) This Convention shal l be s u b j e c t t o ra t i - t i o n of Convention f i c a t i o n by t h e s igna to ry S t a t e s . The i n s t rumen t s
o f r a t i f i c a t i o n shall be d e p o s i t e d i n t h e a r ch ive6
of t h e Government of t h e Uni ted S t a t e s of America,
which shal l g i v e n o t i c e of t h e d a t e of t h e d e p o s i t
t o each of t h e s igna to ry and adher ing S t a t e s ,
(b) A s soon as t h i s Corivention 'has been r a t i -
f i e d o r adhered t o by twenty-s ix S t a t e s i t s h a l l
come i n t o f o r c e between them on t h e t h i r t i e t h day
a f t e r d e p o s i t of t h e twenty-s ix th i n s t rumen t . It
shal l come i n t o f o r c e f o r each S t a t e r a t i f y i n g t h e r e -
a f t e r on t h e t h i r t i e t h day ~ f t e r t h e d e p o s i t of i t s
ins t rument of r a t i f i c a t i o n .
( c ) It shall be t h e du ty of t h e Government of
t h e Uni ted S t a t e s of America t o n o t i f y t h e governrflent
of each of t h e s igna to ry and adher ing S t a t e s of t h e
d a t e on which t h i s Convention comes i n t o f o r c e .
A r t i c l s 92
Adherence ( a ) This Convention shall be open f o r adher- t o Convention ence by members o f t h e Uni ted Nat ions and S t a t e s as-
s o c i a t e d with them, and S t a t e s which remained
n e u t r a l du r ing t h e p r e s e n t world c o n f l i c t .
( b ) Adherence s u a l l be e f f e c t e d by a n o t i f i c a -
t i o n a d d r e ~ s e d t o t h e Government of t h e Uni ted S t a t e s
of America and shall t a k e e f f e c t as from t h e t h i r -
t i e t h day from t h e r e c e i p t of t h e n o t i f i c a t i o n by t h e
Government of t h e United S t a t e s of America, which
shall n o t i f y a l l t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s .
Admission of S t a t e s o t h e r t han t h o s e p rov ided f o r i n A r t i c l e s o t h e r S t a t e s
9 1 a-nd 9 2 ( a ) may, s u b j e c t t o approval by any g e n e r a l
i n t e r n a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s e t up by t h e n a t i o n s of
t h e world t o p r e s e r v e peRce, be adirnitted t o p a r t i c i -
p a t i o n i n t h i s Convention by means of a f o u r - f i f t h s
v o t e of t h e Assembly md on such c o n d i t i o n s as t h e
Assembly may p r e s c r i b e : p rov ided that i n each c a s e
t h e a s s e n t of any S t a t e invaded o r a t t a c k e d d u r i n g
t h e p re sen t war by t h e S t a t e seeking admission sha l l
be necessary .
A r t i c l e 94
Amendment (a) Any proposed amendment t o t h i s Convention of Convention must be approved by a two- th i rds v o t e of t h e Assembly
and shall t h e n come i n t o f o r c e i n r e s p e c t of S t a t e s
which have r a t i f i e d such amendment when r a t i f i e d by
t h e number of c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s s p e c i f i e d by t h e
Assembly. The number so s p e c i f i e d shall not be l e s s
t han two- th i rds of t h e t o t a l number of c o n t r a c t i n g
S t a t e s .
( b ) If i n i t s op in ion t h e amendment i s of such
a n a t u r e as t o J u s t i f y t h i s course , t h e Assembly i n
i t e r e s o l u t i o n recommending adopt ion may p rov ide t h a t
any S t a t e which has no t r a t i f i e d w i t h i n a s p e c i f i e d
p e r i o d a f t e r t h e amendment h a s come i n t o f o r c e s h a l l
thereupon cease t o be a member of t h e Organ iza t ion
and a p a r t y t o ' t h e Convention.
A r t i c l e 95 -7 -
Denunciation (a) Any c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e may g i v e n o t i c e of
Convention denuncia t ion of t h i s Convention t h r e e y e a r s a f t e r i t s
coming i n t o e f f e c t by n o t i f i c a t i o n addressed t o t h e
Government of t h e United S t a t e s of America, which
s h a l l a t once inform e ~ c h of t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s .
( b ) Denunciat ion shall t a k e e f f e c t one y e a r
from t h e d a t e of t h e r e c e i p t o f t h e n o t i f i c a t i o n and
shall o p e r a t e only as r e g a r d s t h e S t a t e e f f e c t i n g t h e
denunc ia t ion .
CHAPTER X X I I
DEFINITION3
A r t i c l e 96 For t h e purpoee of t h i e Convention t h e expres-
(a) H A i r s e r v i c e n means any echeduled a i r
s e r v i c e performed by a i r c r a f t f o r t h e p u b l i c
t r a n e p o r t o f passengers , mail o r cargo.
( b ) H I n t e r n a t i o n a l air e e r v i c e N means an
air s e r v i c e which p a s s e s through t h e a i r space
over t h e t e r r i t o r y of more than one S t a t e .
( c ) LA1r l ineu means any a i r t r a n s p o r t
e n t e r p r i e e o f f e r i n g o r o p e r a t i n g an i n t e r n a -
t l o n a l a i r s e r v i c e .
t -
( d ) ''Stop f o r n o n - t r a f f i c purposes"
means a l a n d i n g f o r any purpose o t h e r than
t ak ing on o r d i s cha rg ing passengers , cargo o r
mail.
SIGNATUX OF CONVENTION
I N WITNESS lJJHEREOF, t h e unders igned p l e n i p o t e n t i a r i e s , having
been duly au tho r i zed , s ign t h i e Convention on behalf of t h e i r
r e s p e c t i v e governments on t h e d a t e s appear ing oppos i t e t h e i r
DONZ at Chicago t h e seventh day of December 1944, i n t h e
Eng l i sh language. A t e x t drawn up i n t h e Engl i sh , French, and
Spanish langu.?,ges, each of which s h a l l be of equal a u t h e n t i c i t y ,
s h a l l be open f o r s i g n a t u r e a t Washington, D. C . Both t e x t s s h a l l
be d e p o s i t e d i n t h e a r c h i v e s of t h e Government of t h e Uni ted S t a t e s
of America, and c e r t i f i e d c o p i e s s h a l l be t r a n s m i t t e d by t h a t
Governaent t o t h e governments of a l l t h e S t a t e s which may s ign o r
adhere t o t h i a Convention.
FOR THE GOVE;flR-'ENT OF THE
a
FOR BOLIVIA:
FOR CHINA:
FOR COLOIlBIAt
FOR COSTA RICA:
t
FOR CUBA3
FOR CZECHOSLOVAKIAt
FOR T9E DOMINICAIQ ?tEPUBLICz
0.a -
7-/ &+-* 4) Sy 8 /9ui- ' FOR "JI SALVADOR:
Y
FOR -8
4 d U f i * k -
FOR OUATBULAr
I
FOR ICELAND: -2;
FOR INDIA$ 2-
FOR IRAN:
/
FOR IRAQ2 /-
FOR IRELAND: n
FOR LIBERIA:
FOR ~ d B O U R O :
FOR MUC
.-.
FOR THE NETHERLANDS:
FOR !l!HE ~~T OF
FOR NORVAYt i- .- /99c,
FOR PANAMA:
The Delegation et the ~ e p y b l i c of Panama signs t h i s Convention geferendum, and subJe'ct to the following reservations:
1. ~ e c i u s d of i ts s t ra tegic position and responsibili ty i n the protection of the means of communication in its t e r r i - tory which are of the u t ros t importance t o world trade, a d v i t a l t o the defense of' the Western Hemisphere, the Republic of Panama reserves the r igh t t o take. with respect to all f l i g h t s through the a i r -space ibove Its t e r r i to ry , a11 meas- ures which in Its -judgment may be proper for its own security or the protection of said means of cormaunication.
2. The Republic of Panama understands that the technicax w x e s t o which reference is made in the Convention consti tute recommendations only, and not binding obligations.
FOR PARAGUAY: GV#,&?la",r f l . 7 . 1
FOR PERU:
FOR THE PHIL
FOR POLdlqDt
. -
- - .. -
FOR PORTUGAL: I
11 FOR SPAIN8
, . FOR SNITZERLANDr
FOR SYRIA: -
- -7l A .
FOR TORKEY8
FOR THE UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA:
FOR !WE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BEiITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND:
Q4mAb.L - - /-
FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AXERICA: w
. -
FOR UilUGUAY:
FOR VENBZWLA I
FOR YUGOSLAVIA: '
FOR THAIWLNDa
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