CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Dec 17, 2015
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Gun Control
• Telling the Emperor he has no clothes
• Political marketing
• Gun control
• Academic freedom
• The NRA and methodology
• September 11th opened eyes
• Terrorists, not gun owners
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Myth Number 1
• Criminal violence means guns.
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Criminal violence means guns?
Violent Crimes (1994)TOTAL WITH FIREARMS
• Homicide 596 196 [32%]• Attempted murder 918 306 [33%]• Assault 236,364 5,959
[3%]• Sexual Assault 31,690 50 [< 1%]• Other sexual offences 3,812 0• Abduction 1,130 0• Robbery 28,888 7,371 [26%]• Total violent crimes 303,398 18,204
[6% of violent crimes]
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Criminal violence means guns?
Total deaths with firearms 1,031 100%
• Suicide with firearm 818 79%• Murder with firearm 159 15%• Firearm accident 45 5%• Legal intervention 9 1%
1997 statistics
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Criminal violence means guns?
Suicides (1997)• Total suicides 3,671• Firearms 818 [22%]
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Criminal violence means guns?
Accidental Deaths (1997)• Total accidental deaths 8,801
• Motor vehicles 3,042
• Falls 2,622• Surgical/medical
misadventures 193• Firearms 45 [1%]
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Myth Number 2
• Women are the victims of gun violence.
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Women are the victims?
Homicide in Canada (1994)• Total homicides 596
– Involving a firearm 196 [32%]
• Victims– Male 398 [66%]– Female 198 [33%]
• Spousal homicides 85– Women killed by conjugal intimate 65– Women killed by conjugal intimate w/firearm 24
Source: Special request, Senator Anne Cools, her testimony to The Supreme Court of Canada
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Women are the victims?
Homicide in Canada (1999)• Total 536
– Involving a firearm 165 [30%]– Committed during another criminal offence 152
• Victims– Male 67%– Female 33% – Consumed alcohol/drugs 38%– Known criminal record 41%
• Accused– Consumed alcohol/drugs 50%– Known criminal record 62%– Previous conviction for violent offence 60%– Known history of spousal violence 74%
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Myth Number 3
• Gun ownership leads to violence
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Gun ownership violence?
Household Ownership of Firearms
CITY/TOWN SIZE HANDGUN FIREARM
• Over 500,000 1% 11%• 10,000 – 499,999 4% 24%• Under 10,000 6% 44%
Source: Mauser and Buckner (1995)
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Gun ownership violence?
Regional Variations in Violent Crimes
(1994) CANADA RURAL URBAN
• Total violent crimes 95,993 9,740 86,253
• Involving firearms 5,929 370 5,559
• Percent 6.2% 3.8% 6.4%
Source:special request, Stats Can Incident-Based Survey [1995].
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Gun ownership violence?Urban and Rural Firearm Deaths in Canada (1991)
CITY/TOWN SIZE HOMICIDE RATES
• Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver 2.64• 50,000 + 2.15• 49,999 – 10,000 2.06• 9,999 – 1,000 1.68
• Less than 1,000 2.32
Source: Canadian Firearms Centre Report, Urban and Rural Firearm Deaths in Canada
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Myth Number 4
• Guns are not used in self-defence in Canada
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Guns used in self-defence?
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Myth Number 5
• Gun control keeps us safe.
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Gun control keeps us safe?
Trends in handgun homicides in Canada (rates as percent of gun homicides and total homicides)
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Gun control keeps us safe?
History of gun law in Canada• 1935
– handguns registered
• 1977 – required a police permit to purchase a firearm [Firearms
Acquisition Certificate] – ban a large variety of weapons, including fully automatic
firearms– eliminated protection of property as a legitimate reason
for registering handguns– introduced penalty for “unsafe storage” of firearms– introduced requirements for Firearms and
Ammunition Business Permits
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Gun control keeps us safe?• 1991
– registration of semi-automatic military-style rifles– ban of converted automatic rifles– ban of high-capacity magazines– ban of “non-sporting” ammunition– new FAC requirements: applicants have to:
• complete the firearm safety course,• Fill out the long application form (35 questions),• provide a passport-type photograph• obtain two references (one a wife or spouse)• mandatory 28-day waiting period
– increased regulations for firearms dealers– specific regulations for safe storage, handling and
transportation of firearms– introduction of firearm safety course for FAC applicants
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Gun control keeps us safe?• 1995
– prohibition and confiscation of over half of all registered handguns (so called “Saturday Night Specials”)
– introduction of firearms owners licences– POL – Possession Only Licence– PAL – Possession and Acquisition Licence– new requirements for PAL: applicants have to:
• have separate rifle and handgun safety courses• fill out the long application form (35 questions)• provide a passport-type photograph• obtain two references (Plus spouse or former spouse)
– new stricter regulations for safe storage, handling and transportation of firearms
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Gun control keeps us safe?• 1995 (continued)
– regulation of shooting clubs, shooting ranges, and gun shows
– new regulations for export and import of firearms– broadening of police powers of “search and seizure”– suspects of Firearms Act required to testify against
themselves– licensing of firearm owners
• January 2003 – All firearms required to be registered
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Gun control keeps us safe?• Brief Summary of Evaluation Studies of
Canadian Firearms Legislation
Dependent Significant
VariableEffect
– Scarff (1983) Homicide rate Yes
– Sproule and Kennett (1988) Homicide rate No
– Mundt (1990) Homicide rate No
– Mundt (1990) Armed robbery rate No
– Mauser and Holmes (1992) Homicide rate No
– Mauser and Maki (1998) Armed robbery rate No
– Department of Justice (1996) Homicide rate Yes
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Gun control keeps us safe?
Evaluating 1977 Canadian Gun Legislation: Homicide Rate
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Gun control keeps us safe?
Evaluating 1977 Canadian Gun Legislation: Robbery, Armed Robbery, and Robbery with Firearm
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
US vs. Canada Comparison
Sources: Juristat, "Homicide in 1992" vol.14, No 4. Crime in the United States1992, FBI
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Gun control keeps us safe?
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Gun control keeps us safe?
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Gun control keeps us safe?
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Gun control keeps us safe?
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
CONTROVERSY: Will gun control make us safe? Debunking the myths.
Conclusions
• Ready, aim, fire
• Fire, aim, ready
• Fear and freedom
• Cultural diversity
Thanks to Nora and Ted Sterling