trols on the Emission and Composition Dust Generated from Ash Meadows – Franklin Lake Playa, Mojave Desert, Southwestern U.S.A. Harland L. Goldstein 1 , George N. Breit 1 , James King 2 , es C. Yount 1 , Richard L. Reynolds 1 and Marith C. Reh 1 U.S. Geological Survey Denver, Colorado, USA 2 Desert Research Institute Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
Controls on the Emission and Composition of Dust Generated from Ash Meadows – Franklin Lake Playa, Mojave Desert, Southwestern U.S.A. Harland L. Goldstein.
Jan 06, 2018
Sustained aridity suppresses dust emission Wet episodes promote dust emission Dust days Precipitation Drought index Month and Year no data >14400 images examined Emission
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Controls on the Emission and Composition of Dust Generated from Ash Meadows – Franklin Lake Playa, Mojave Desert,
Southwestern U.S.A.
Harland L. Goldstein1, George N. Breit1, James King2, James C. Yount1, Richard L. Reynolds1 and Marith C. Reheis1
1U.S. Geological SurveyDenver, Colorado, USA
2Desert Research InstituteLas Vegas, Nevada, USA
Ash Meadows – spring discharge areaFranklin Lake playa – wet playa
Wet playa
Dry playa
Mojave Desert
Franklin Lake playa(wet)
AmargosaRiver
Carson Slough
Ash Meadows
Setting
Sustained aridity suppresses dust emission
Wet episodes promote dust emission
Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan Jul
Num
ber o
f day
s w
ithm
ultip
le d
ust e
mis
sion
s
0
2
4
6
8
10
Month and year
Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan Jul
Prec
ipita
tion
mon
thly
tota
l (cm
)
0
2
4
6
8
Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan Jul
Palm
er D
roug
ht S
ever
ity In
dex
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Dust days
Precipitation
Drought index
Month and Year2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
no data
no data
>14400 images examined
Emission
Dus
t wt./
u*
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
November2007
April2008
February2009
Collect dust
Dust
Vacuum cleaner with cyclone impactor
Wind Tunnel Dust CollectionPI-SWERL I – November
2007 (Fall)
PI-SWERL II – April 2008 (Spring)
PI-SWERL III – February 2009 (Winter)
•Wind tunnel experiments conducted at 6 Sites
Meteorological Conditions, Surface Moisture and Dust
Moi
stur
e (w
t. %
)
1
2
3
4
5
6
November2007
April2008
June2008
October2008
Februrary2009
Dus
t wt./
u*
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
November2007
April2008
February2009
Tota
l Pre
cipi
tatio
n (c
m)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Mean Tem
perature (Celcius)
Relative H
umidity (Percent)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Total Precipitation (cm) Mean Air Temp (C) Mean Percent Humidity
PI-SWERLI
PI-SWERLII
PI-SWERLIII
Augu
stSe
ptem
ber
Octo
ber
Nove
mbe
rDe
cem
ber
2007
Janu
ary
Febr
uary
Mar
chAp
rilM
ay
Augu
stSe
ptem
ber
Octo
ber
Nove
mbe
rDe
cem
ber
June
July
Janu
ary
Febr
uary
2008 2009
Average Percent HumidityAverage Temperature (C)
Crust - Leach
% SO4
0 20 40 60 80 100
%C
l + %
CO
3
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
North Carson SloughDiscoveryCoppiceEast TransectClay DuneAsh Meadows
Sulfate DominatedChloride+Carbonate DominatedComposition
Dust-Crust Compositions(water soluble)
Chloride-Carbonate Sites
Soluble components:Crust 50 wt.%Dust 50 wt.%
Conductivity Alkalinity Chloride Sulfate Arsenic Uranium
S/cm mg/L mg/L mg/L g/L g/L
Conductivity Alkalinity Chloride Sulfate Arsenic Uranium
S/cm mg/L mg/L mg/L g/L g/L
Soluble components:Crust 13 wt.%Dust 50 wt.%
Dust-Crust Compositions (water soluble)
Sulfate Sites
Generally, when surface moisture declines so does the potential for dust generation
Dust generation is greatly reduced when excessive moisture is present
The proportion of soluble components in the dust varies depending on salt composition
Chloride-carbonate dominated crusts and resulting dusts are compositionally similar
Sulfate crusts generate dusts that are preferentially enriched in salts and soluble trace elements relative to the crusts.
Conclusions
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