CONTROLLED HYDRODYNAMIC CAVITATION - Vortex …vortexchc.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/EcoWater-CHC-CTI-New... · ' Ratio of metered make up water to metered blowdown ... assures

CONTROLLED HYDRODYNAMIC

CAVITATION

Chemical-Free Cooling Tower Water Treatment System

A Marmon Water/Berkshire Hathaway Company

February 10, 2015

What is Controlled Hydrodynamic Cavitation?

! Cavitation

Metal Destruction from Uncontrolled Cavitation CAVITATION BUBBLE COLLAPSE

cav.i.ta.tion \ kav' i ta' shun \ n [1. the rapid formation and collapse of vapor pockets in a flowing liquid in regions of very low pressure.

Shear stress = 150,000 psi Temperature rise = 10,000 F

Inside the CHC Cavitation Chamber

!  The opposing water streams collide in the cavitation zone, causing millions of high energy, micro-sized cavitation bubbles to rapidly form and collapse. This stresses any bacteria and forces calcium carbonate to form in the bulk water.

"  Water from the sump is pumped under pressure into the cavitation chamber, where it is forced to rotate at high velocity through precision nozzles.

#  The treated water exiting the cavitation chamber is returned to sump where the precipitated calcium carbonate is removed by the integral filtration system.

$

$ $

%

&

Controlled Hydrodynamic Cavitation


!  Mechanical Non-chemical Device (NCD) '  Controls Scale by precipitating

and removing CaCO3 '  Controls Bio-Fouling by

shredding the cell walls of bacteria

'  Controls Corrosion by increasing pH by 0.5 to 1.0 unit

!  Side stream system that

includes integrated filtration

CHC Side Stream Solution

Condition at startup After six months of CHC treatment

Scale Control

‘Calcite’ - Crystalline/strongly adherent

Scale Control Using CHC

CO2 Stripping: High-vacuum exceeds partial-pressure of CO2; CO2 is vented -  pH increases 0.5 to 1.0 units -  Water is in a non-corrosive pH range

Hardness Removed: As CO2 vents, reaction shifts right. A powdery CaCO3 colloid is created. Aragonite forms, precipitates and is filtered

Ca(HCO3)2 (CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 Dissolved Precipitate Gas (vented)

‘Aragonite’ - amorphous/soft/very loosely adherent

Increasing Cycles of Concentration with CHC

!  An easy concept that can be difficult to understand!!

How Do We Measure CoC?


!  Traditionally we measure CoC:

'  Ratio of metered make up water to metered blowdown water

'  Ratio of ions such as Conductivity or Total Dissolved Solids

!  What happens when CaCO3 is physically removed from the water?

Measuring Cycles of Concentration (CoC) based on Chloride Ions

CoC can be calculated using any ion in the water or by using Conductivity/Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) that measures all conductive ions in solution. However, chloride is considered the most accurate ion to use for this purpose because: 1. Chloride (Cl-) is present in all raw waters. 2. Chloride is the most soluble of the dissolved solids in water, the last to precipitate and therefore, no other solid will concentrate more. This assures the accuracy of the measurement and calculation. The calculation for CoC is given below:

Cl-S (sump water chloride) CoC Cl-MU (makeup water chloride)

Cooling Tower

1000 gallons Conductivity = 300 μS#

100 ppm CaCO3 10 ppm Chloride

EVAPORATION 750 gallons



Traditional

Ratio = 4 = 4

Cycles of Concentration Mass Balance

CoC = 4

CoC = Cycles of Concentration = Make Up/Blowdown

Cooling Tower







Ratio = 2 = 4


50% CaCO3 removal No Chloride removal

CoC = 4

Cooling Tower






Increase CoC with CHC

Ratio = 4 = 7


50% CaCO3 removal No Chloride removal

CoC = 7

Cycles of Concentration SUMMARY

50%$CaCO3$REMOVAL

Traditional With,CHC Water,Savings,with,CHCMake,Up,(Gal) 1000 1000 875Blowdown,(Gal) 250 250 125Evaporation,(Gal) 750 750 750Make$Up/Blowdown 4 4 7

Conductivity,IN,(μS) 300 300 300Conductivity,OUT,(μS) 1200 900 1500OUT/IN 4 3 5

CaCO3%IN%(ppm) 100 100 100CaCO3%OUT%(ppm) 400 200 400

OUT/IN 4 2 4

Chloride,IN,(ppm) 10 10 10Chloride,OUT,(ppm) 40 40 70OUT/IN 4 4 7

Water Savings

Examples of Water Savings Through Increased Cycles of Concentration

State Tons System Gallons

Chemical CoC

CHC CoC

Water/Sewer Savings

% Savings-Makeup

% Savings-

Blowdown

VA 730 2,610 4.5 7.0 991,408 Gallons 18% 40%

FL 850 4,000 2.0 4.0 5,400,000 Gallons 40% 73%

ND 4,500 80,000 3.5 5.8 10,830,000 Gallons 15% 50%

CoC = Cycles of Concentration


Legionella Control

Legionella

!  1976: American Legion Convention, Philadelphia '  221 cases; 34 deaths

!  1985: Stafford District Hospital, United Kingdom '  175 cases; 28 deaths

!  UK Health and Safety Executive '  Publishes First L8 ACOP in 1991

How Concerned Should We Be About LEGIONELLA?

!  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

'  Between 2000 and 2009 reported cases increased 3X

'  Between 2000 and 2009 there were 22,418 reported cases

'  In the US, 8% of the cases result in death = 2,018 deaths

World-class Bacteria Control Effect of CHC on Numbers of Legionella Pneumophilia Initial dose = 10,000,000 cfu/litre

Data from Merican Sciences, J Usher and G. Hatchhroft and Principle Consultant Alan Edwards C.Chem MRSC from Alan Edwards and Partners, UK 2008

World-class Bacteria Control

!  CHC is an approved non-chemical technology for Legionella control under world’s most strict standard, L-8 in the UK.

!  Bacteria may adapt to traditional chemical treatment. However, they cannot adapt to CHC.

Legionella Testing Conclusion

! The CHC cavitation zone is extremely efficient in controlling or even eliminating all microorganisms. This is achieved by impacting high velocity rotating streams of water together. The tremendous localized temperatures and extreme fluctuations in fluid pressure within the CHC chamber causes cell walls of microorganisms to rupture. – Alan Edwards

CHC Value Proposition !  Remove scale causing

ions '  Increase Cycles of

Concentration " Reduces make up water

consumption " Reduce blowdown volume

'  Cleaner heat transfer surfaces " Saves energy " Saves maintenance " Extends life of the assets

!  Kill bacteria including Legionella

'  Improved employee and guest safety

'  Reduce liability risk as safety legislation similar to the UK’s L8 rules spread to the rest of the world

'  Eliminate the need for toxic biocides that flow into our waste treatment and water supply

Water & Sewer Savings

!  Average customer reduces make-up water 20%

!  Average customer eliminates 50% of blow-down

!  Because CHC is chemical-free, blow-down may be repurposed for other applications, (i.e. irrigation) saving significantly more water!

Eliminate Chemicals

!  Save money '  Eliminating direct costs '  Reducing reporting &

management

!  Reduce Risk '  System failure from chemical

overtreatment " System damage is more

common than you think! '  Environmental, Health &

Safety

Meet Environmental Sustainability Goals

No Hazardous Chemicals

Water Savings Water Reuse* Energy Savings

*Additional Permitting may be required for Blowdown Reuse

CHC Qualifies for USGBC LEED-NC Innovation and Design (ID) Credit 1.1.

An additional point may be earned (Water Efficiency 1.2) by using cooling tower blowdown for landscape irrigation purposes.

Clean Water Benefits Everyone

Chemically Treated CHC Treated

Improves Efficiency

Lowers Costs

Minimizes Factors that Reduce Efficiency 1.  Controls scale 2.  Prevent biological fouling 3.  Inhibits corrosion

Reduces Total Cost of Ownership 1.  Eliminates chemical costs 2.  Cuts water & sewer usage 3.  Improves energy efficiency 4.  Minimizes maintenance

Economically Achieves ‘Green’ Initiatives 1.  Eliminates hazardous chemicals 2.  Improves water conservation and reuse 3.  Provides energy savings 4.  World-class bacteria control

Proven Technology

Over 15-years of successful, chemical-free cooling water treatment world-wide

Meets Environmental

Sustainability Goals

Thank You www.ecowaterchc.com


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