Control of Mercury Emissions by Injecting Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) Michael D. Durham, Ph.D., MBA ADA Environmental Solutions 8100 SouthPark Way B-2 Littleton, CO 80120 303 734-1727 Presentation to Utility MACT Working Group May 13, 2002 EPA, RTP, NC
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Control of Mercury Emissions by Injecting Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC)
Control of Mercury Emissions by Injecting Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC). Presentation to Utility MACT Working Group May 13, 2002 EPA, RTP, NC. Michael D. Durham, Ph.D., MBA ADA Environmental Solutions 8100 SouthPark Way B-2 Littleton, CO 80120 303 734-1727. Outline. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Control of Mercury Emissions
by Injecting Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC)
Michael D. Durham, Ph.D., MBAADA Environmental Solutions
8100 SouthPark Way B-2Littleton, CO 80120
303 734-1727
Presentation to Utility MACT Working Group
May 13, 2002EPA, RTP, NC
Outline
ADA-ES DOE/NETL Hg Control Program
Background on PAC Injection Technology
Results from PAC with an ESP
Results from PAC with a FF
Conclusions and Future Plans
ADA-ES Hg Control Program Full-scale field testing of sorbent-based mercury control on non-
scrubbed coal-fired boilers
Primary funding from DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL)
Cofunding provided by:– Southern Company – Wisconsin Electric– PG&E NEG– EPRI– Ontario Power Generation– TVA– First Energy– Kennecott Energy– Arch Coal
Project Overview
Perform first full-scale evaluations of mercury control on coal-fired boilers (up to 150 MW equivalent).
Evaluate effectiveness of sorbent-based Hg control (activated carbon).
Test several different power plant configurations.
Document all costs associated with Hg control.
DOE/NETL Test SitesTest Site Coal Particulate Test
Control DatesAlabama Power Bituminous HS ESP SpringGaston COHPAC FF 2001Wisconsin Electric PRB Cold Side ESP FallPleasant Prairie 2001PG&E NEG Bituminous Cold Side ESP SummerBrayton Point 2002PG&E NEG Bituminous Cold Side ESP FallSalem Harbor 2002
Coal-Fired Boiler with Sorbent Injection and Spray Cooling
Sorbent Injection
Spray Cooling
H2O
Air
Ash and Sorbent
ESP or FF
Hg CEM
Semi-Continuous Mercury Analyzer
Chilled Impingers
Flue GasCVAA
Mass Flow Controller
Gold Trap
Waste
Heater
Micro controller with Display
Dry Air
Sampling Time Required
Vapor-Phase Mercury
Concentration (ug/m3)
Minimum Sample Time (min)
Noise level (ug/m3)
5 1 0.1
2.5 2 0.05
1 5 0.02
0.5 10 0.01
Comparison of OH and S-CEM*, Long Term Tests (10 lbs/MMacf)
Run Number Run 1 Run 2 Run 3 AverageDate 11/12/2001 11/13/2001 11/13/2001
Conclusions (PAC General) PAC injection can effectively capture elemental and oxidized
mercury from both bituminous and subbituminous coals Additional field tests and long-term demonstrations are
necessary to continue to mature the technology Fabric filters provide better contact between the sorbent and
mercury than ESPs resulting in higher removal levels at lower sorbent costs
New COHPAC FF’s will have to be designed to handle higher loadings of PAC to insure high (>90%) mercury removal
Conventional FF’s should not require any modifications for PAC
Conclusions (Response to Concentration Variations)
Response times to changes in inlet concentrations:– Feedback data from outlet CEMs—tens of minutes– Impact of changes in injection rate: tens of minutes to hours
Long averaging times will be required to recover from upsets Injection at somewhat higher rates will make the technology
more capable to handle inlet fluctuations PAC injection lends itself to the use of feed rate parameters as
a definition of Maximum Achievable Control Technology
Future PlansShort-term testing at additional sites
–PG&E Brayton Point (Bituminous coal, large ESP) 6/ 2002–PG&E Salem Harbor (Bituminous coal, SNCR, large ESP) 9/2002–* TBD (PRB coal, small ESP) 3/2003–* Southern Company (Bituminous coal, small ESP) 8/ 2003
Long-term testing–*Alabama Power (Bituminous coal, COHPAC FF) 2002-2003–*CCPI Program (PRB Coal, COHPAC FF) 2004-2006–*CCPI Program (Bituminous Coal, COHPAC FF) 2004-2006
* Proposed
For More Information www.adaes.com www.adaes.com/mercury.htm
– Link to other mercury related web sites– Publications/reports
www.adaes.com/MercuryPublic.htm– Public information on DOE/NETL
Mercury Control Program www.netl.doe.gov/products/environment/index.html