7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
1/35
MANAGEMENT ANDMANAGEMENT AND
CONTROLCONTROL
OF FUSARIUM WILTOF FUSARIUM WILTOR PANAMA DISEASEOR PANAMA DISEASE
OF BANANAOF BANANA
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
2/35
IntroductionIntroduction
Management o Fu!arium "i#t di!ea!e! de$end! onManagement o Fu!arium "i#t di!ea!e! de$end! ont%e integration o dierent contro# !trategie!& !ince no !ing#et%e integration o dierent contro# !trategie!& !ince no !ing#emet%od i! u##' eecti(e on it! o"n) T%e!e !trategie!met%od i! u##' eecti(e on it! o"n) T%e!e !trategie!
concentrate on #o"ering t%e amount o inocu#um in a ie#d&concentrate on #o"ering t%e amount o inocu#um in a ie#d&
"%i#e en%ancing $#ant (igor and di!ea!e to#erance)"%i#e en%ancing $#ant (igor and di!ea!e to#erance)
T%e mo!t eecti(e met%od or contro# o "i#t di!ea!e! i! t%eT%e mo!t eecti(e met%od or contro# o "i#t di!ea!e! i! t%e
u!e o re!i!tant $#ant!& "%en t%e' are a(ai#a*#e)u!e o re!i!tant $#ant!& "%en t%e' are a(ai#a*#e)
Since t%e di!co(er' o Fu!arium "i#t o *anana& (ariou!Since t%e di!co(er' o Fu!arium "i#t o *anana& (ariou!
contro# met%od! %a(e *een attem$ted to cur* t%e damagecontro# met%od! %a(e *een attem$ted to cur* t%e damage
cau!ed *' t%e di!ea!ecau!ed *' t%e di!ea!e
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
3/35
Management Strategie!Management Strategie!
+)+)Bio#ogica# Contro#Bio#ogica# Contro#
can *e ac%ie(ed *' mean! o a direct orcan *e ac%ie(ed *' mean! o a direct or
indirect interaction *et"een t%e contro#indirect interaction *et"een t%e contro#
agent and t%e $at%ogen)agent and t%e $at%ogen)
Direct *iocontro# , ac%ie(ed "%en contro# agentDirect *iocontro# , ac%ie(ed "%en contro# agentreduce! t%e $at%ogen $o$u#ation t%roug%reduce! t%e $at%ogen $o$u#ation t%roug%
antagoni!tic mec%ani!m!-antagoni!tic mec%ani!m!-
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
4/35
Para!iti!m, a $ara!ite attac.! t%e m'ce#ium and !$ore!Para!iti!m, a $ara!ite attac.! t%e m'ce#ium and !$ore!
o t%e ungu!o t%e ungu!
Anti*io!i! , $roduction o to/ic meta*o#ite! *' anAnti*io!i! , $roduction o to/ic meta*o#ite! *' an
organi!m t%at ma' reduce or $re(ent germination oorgani!m t%at ma' reduce or $re(ent germination o
unga# $ro$agu#e!& in(o.e #'!i!& or in%i*it gro"t% aterunga# $ro$agu#e!& in(o.e #'!i!& or in%i*it gro"t% ater
germinationgermination
Com$etition ,or nutrient! or com$etition or !$aceCom$etition ,or nutrient! or com$etition or !$ace
occur! at t%e inection !iteoccur! at t%e inection !ite
Indirect *iocontro#Indirect *iocontro# , occur! "%en t%e contro# agent, occur! "%en t%e contro# agentinteract! "it% t%e $at%ogen t%roug% t%e %o!t0 a#!ointeract! "it% t%e $at%ogen t%roug% t%e %o!t0 a#!o
reerred to a! induced re!i!tance or cro!! $rotection andreerred to a! induced re!i!tance or cro!! $rotection and
i! *a!ed on t%e induction o t%e %o!t1! o"n deen!ei! *a!ed on t%e induction o t%e %o!t1! o"n deen!e
!'!tem!'!tem
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
5/35
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
6/35
Mac%ani!m! in(o#(ed in !u$$re!!ion oMac%ani!m! in(o#(ed in !u$$re!!ion o
Fu!arium "i#t-Fu!arium "i#t-
A)A) com$etition or iron 6Fe7 t%roug% t%e $roduction ocom$etition or iron 6Fe7 t%roug% t%e $roduction o!idero$%ore! "%ic% *ind to Fe a(ai#a*#e in t%e !oi# !o t%at!idero$%ore! "%ic% *ind to Fe a(ai#a*#e in t%e !oi# !o t%at
it *ecome! una(ai#a*#e to t%e $at%ogen) Fe deicienc'it *ecome! una(ai#a*#e to t%e $at%ogen) Fe deicienc'
#ead! to in%i*ition o c%#am'do!$ore germination and#ead! to in%i*ition o c%#am'do!$ore germination and
%'$%a# gro"t%)%'$%a# gro"t%)
B) Inducing natura# re!i!tance in $#ant! u!ua##'B) Inducing natura# re!i!tance in $#ant! u!ua##'
a!!ociated "it% u#tra,!tructura# ce## "a## modiication!a!!ociated "it% u#tra,!tructura# ce## "a## modiication!
t%at $re(ent in(a!ion o t%e $at%ogen& o##o"ed *'t%at $re(ent in(a!ion o t%e $at%ogen& o##o"ed *' *ioc%emica# c%ange! #i.e accumu#ation o $at%ogene!i!,*ioc%emica# c%ange! #i.e accumu#ation o $at%ogene!i!,
re#ated $rotein! and 8or $%'toa#e/in!re#ated $rotein! and 8or $%'toa#e/in!
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
7/35
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
8/35
Fungicide!Fungicide!
C%emica# grou$ Actri(e Ingredient Formu#ttionC%emica# grou$ Actri(e Ingredient Formu#ttion
T'$e 9 Acti(eT'$e 9 Acti(e
ingredientingredient
+) Ben5imida5o#e Benom'# WP :;;g8.g+) Ben5imida5o#e Benom'# WP :;;g8.g
2)Co$$er com$ound! Co$$er o/'c%#oride WP
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
9/35
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
10/35
Surace !teri#ant!Surace !teri#ant!
Trade nameTrade name Acti(e ingredientActi(e ingredient
C%#oride Ca,%'$oc%#orideC%#oride Ca,%'$oc%#oride
C#ean Green Non,ammonium com$oundC#ean Green Non,ammonium com$ound
Cu$ra(it Co$$er o/'c%#orideCu$ra(it Co$$er o/'c%#oride
De!ogerm Biuanidine and uaternar'De!ogerm Biuanidine and uaternar'
ammonium com$oundammonium com$ound
Farmc#ean!e uaternar' ammoniumFarmc#ean!e uaternar' ammonium com$oundcom$ound
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
11/35
Trade nameTrade name Acti(e ingredientActi(e ingredient
i. Sodium %'$oc%#oridei. Sodium %'$oc%#oride
Pra5in agri Po#'meric *iuanidinePra5in agri Po#'meric *iuanidine
%'droc%#oride and uaternar'%'droc%#oride and uaternar'
ammonium com$oundammonium com$ound
Omega Proc%#ora5Omega Proc%#ora5
S$ore.i## Po#' dimet%'# ammonium c%#orideS$ore.i## Po#' dimet%'# ammonium c%#oride
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
12/35
C) P#ant acti(ator!C) P#ant acti(ator!
t%e mo!t t%oroug%#' in(e!tigated c%emica#t%e mo!t t%oroug%#' in(e!tigated c%emica#
inducer! are t%o!e interering "it% t%e !a#ic'#ic acidinducer! are t%o!e interering "it% t%e !a#ic'#ic acid
6SA7 $at%"a'& !uc% a! 2&=, dic%#oroi!onicotinic acid 6INA76SA7 $at%"a'& !uc% a! 2&=, dic%#oroi!onicotinic acid 6INA7
and *en5o,6+&2&37 t%iadia5o#e,>,car*ot%ioic acid S,met%'#and *en5o,6+&2&37 t%iadia5o#e,>,car*ot%ioic acid S,met%'#
e!ter 6BT7 commercia##' .no"n a! Bion)e!ter 6BT7 commercia##' .no"n a! Bion)
Ot%er $otentia# re!i!tance,acti(ating c%emica#!-Ot%er $otentia# re!i!tance,acti(ating c%emica#!-
,D&L, , amino*ut'ric acid 6BABA7,D&L, , amino*ut'ric acid 6BABA7 , Et%'#ene or et%'#ene,re#ea!ing com$ound!, Et%'#ene or et%'#ene,re#ea!ing com$ound!
, ar$in, ar$in
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
13/35
C%emica# acti(ator! e(a#uatedC%emica# acti(ator! e(a#uated
C%emica# acti(ator Acti(e ingredientC%emica# acti(ator Acti(e ingredient
Bion Ben5o,6+&2&37 t%iadia5o#e,>,Bion Ben5o,6+&2&37 t%iadia5o#e,>,
car*ot%ioic acid S,met%'# e!ter 6BT7car*ot%ioic acid S,met%'# e!ter 6BT7
BABA DL,3,amino,n,*utonoic acid 6BABA7BABA DL,3,amino,n,*utonoic acid 6BABA7
Et%a$on Et%e$onEt%a$on Et%e$on
Met%'# a!monic acid Met%'# a!monic Acid 6MeA7Met%'# a!monic acid Met%'# a!monic Acid 6MeA7
Me!!enger ar$in $rotein 6r$7Me!!enger ar$in $rotein 6r$7
Param Indo#e acetic acid 6IAA7Param Indo#e acetic acid 6IAA7
Menadione Sodium Bi!u#ite Menadione Sodium Bi!u#iteMenadione Sodium Bi!u#ite Menadione Sodium Bi!u#ite
6MSB76MSB7
Sodium nitro$ru!!ide Sodium nitro$ru!!ide 6SNP7Sodium nitro$ru!!ide Sodium nitro$ru!!ide 6SNP7
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
14/35
3) Cu#tura# contro#3) Cu#tura# contro#
, con!idered one o t%e mo!t, con!idered one o t%e mo!t
im$ortant a$$roac%e! or t%eim$ortant a$$roac%e! or t%emanagement o Fu!arium "i#tmanagement o Fu!arium "i#t
di!ea!e)di!ea!e)
, en(ironmenta##' riend#', en(ironmenta##' riend#' , aorda*#e, aorda*#e
,*a!ed on t%e e/c#u!ion o $at%ogen,*a!ed on t%e e/c#u!ion o $at%ogen
, reduction o $at%ogen eect and, reduction o $at%ogen eect and
, t%e en%ancement o $#ant (igor and, t%e en%ancement o $#ant (igor and
re!i!tancere!i!tance
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
15/35
Pre(iou! Re!earc%Pre(iou! Re!earc%
TISSUE CULTURE BANANASTISSUE CULTURE BANANAS Pre(ent t%e !$read o Fu!arium "i#tPre(ent t%e !$read o Fu!arium "i#t More (u#nera*#e to Panama di!ea!e i $#anted in Foc,More (u#nera*#e to Panama di!ea!e i $#anted in Foc,
ine!ted ie#d! 6Smit% et a#)& +??
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
16/35
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
17/35
Seueira6+?:
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
18/35
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
19/35
T *# 2 + T% t i # t t i t F i i#tT *# 2 + T% t i # t t i t F i i#t
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
20/35
Ta*#e 2)+) T%e eect o (ariou! $#ant nutrient! on Fu!arium "i#tTa*#e 2)+) T%e eect o (ariou! $#ant nutrient! on Fu!arium "i#t
di!ea!e! and $at%ogen! a! ound *' $re(iou! re!earc%er!di!ea!e! and $at%ogen! a! ound *' $re(iou! re!earc%er!
Nutrient Eect on Di!ea!e Reerence!Nutrient Eect on Di!ea!e Reerence!
@ ig%er in !u$$re!!i(e !oi#! Peng et a#)& +???0@ ig%er in !u$$re!!i(e !oi#! Peng et a#)& +???0
Added @ reduce! di!ea!e T%ar$ Wad#eig%& +?3?Added @ reduce! di!ea!e T%ar$ Wad#eig%& +?3?
P Reduced di!ea!e incidence Wo#t5 one!& +?>3P Reduced di!ea!e incidence Wo#t5 one!& +?>3
LimeLime
Mg ig%er in !u$$re!!i(e !oi#! Peng et a#)& +???Mg ig%er in !u$$re!!i(e !oi#! Peng et a#)& +???
Mn& Hn Deicienc' reduce! di!ea!e one! Wo#t5& +?=>& +?=?Mn& Hn Deicienc' reduce! di!ea!e one! Wo#t5& +?=>& +?=?
Fe Decrea!ed Fe a(ai#a*i#it' increa!ed !oi# Sc%er Ba.er& +?
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
21/35
Nutrient Eect on Di!ea!e Reerence!Nutrient Eect on Di!ea!e Reerence!
NONO33, Increa!ing NO, Increa!ing NO33, a$$#ication decrea!ed di!ea!e u*er Wat!on& +?>40, a$$#ication decrea!ed di!ea!e u*er Wat!on& +?>40
de(e#o$ment one! et a#)& +?
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
22/35
4) o!t re!i!tance4) o!t re!i!tance
, $ro(en mo!t eecti(e, $ro(en mo!t eecti(e
, in mo!t agricu#tura# cro$!&, in mo!t agricu#tura# cro$!&
re!i!tance in $#ant! can *e *red orre!i!tance in $#ant! can *e *red or
, in t%e a*!ence o !eed!& !uc%, in t%e a*!ence o !eed!& !uc%
re!i!tance can on#' *e introduced t%roug%re!i!tance can on#' *e introduced t%roug%
uncon(entiona# im$ro(ement tec%niue!uncon(entiona# im$ro(ement tec%niue!
#i.e !omac#ona# (ariation or genetic#i.e !omac#ona# (ariation or genetic
tran!ormationtran!ormation
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
23/35
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
24/35
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
25/35
C U ti # i tC Uncon(entiona# im$ro(ement
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
26/35
C) Uncon(entiona# im$ro(ementC) Uncon(entiona# im$ro(ement
,, natura# !omatic mutation! in *anana %a(e *eennatura# !omatic mutation! in *anana %a(e *een
o*!er(ed !ince t%e de(e#o$ment o micro$ro$agationo*!er(ed !ince t%e de(e#o$ment o micro$ro$agation
tec%niue! or *anana u!ing meri!tem cu#ture!)tec%niue! or *anana u!ing meri!tem cu#ture!)
, (ariant! can *e grou$ed into c%ange! in, (ariant! can *e grou$ed into c%ange! in$#ant !tature& #ea mor$%o#og'& $!eudo!tem co#or$#ant !tature& #ea mor$%o#og'& $!eudo!tem co#or
and *unc% c%aracteri!tic!and *unc% c%aracteri!tic!
,, Tai"an Banana Re!earc% In!titute 6TBRI7Tai"an Banana Re!earc% In!titute 6TBRI7
re!i!tant c#one! %a(e *een !ucce!!u##' !e#ected romre!i!tant c#one! %a(e *een !ucce!!u##' !e#ected rom
!omac#ona# (ariant! !ince +?
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
27/35
, in addition to t%e !omac#ona# (ariation& mutation, in addition to t%e !omac#ona# (ariation& mutation
*reeding can *e ac%ie(ed *'-*reeding can *e ac%ie(ed *'-
a) e/$o!ing $#ant ti!!ue to irradiationa) e/$o!ing $#ant ti!!ue to irradiation
and c%emica# mutagen!)and c%emica# mutagen!)
, $#ant im$ro(ement can com*ine, $#ant im$ro(ement can com*ine in (itroin (itro tec%niue!tec%niue!
"it% *iotec%no#ogica# tec%niue! #i.e $roto$#a!t u!ion or"it% *iotec%no#ogica# tec%niue! #i.e $roto$#a!t u!ion or
genetic tran!ormation)genetic tran!ormation)
, Proto$#a!t! under !ta*#e condition! can orm c#u!ter!, Proto$#a!t! under !ta*#e condition! can orm c#u!ter!
t%at de(e#o$ into ca##u!& "%ic% in turn can *e u!ed tot%at de(e#o$ into ca##u!& "%ic% in turn can *e u!ed to
regenarate $#ant! t%roug% $roto$#a!t u!ion) U!ing t%i!regenarate $#ant! t%roug% $roto$#a!t u!ion) U!ing t%i!tec%niue& tri$#oid *anana $#ant! can *e ormed *' t%etec%niue& tri$#oid *anana $#ant! can *e ormed *' t%e
u!ion o a di$#oid *anana ce## "it% a mono$#oid *ananau!ion o a di$#oid *anana ce## "it% a mono$#oid *anana
ce##)ce##)
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
28/35
, Tran!ormation o *anana! %a(e *een, Tran!ormation o *anana! %a(e *een
ac%ie(ed t%roug% $artic#e *om*ardment andac%ie(ed t%roug% $artic#e *om*ardment and
Agro*acterium tumeacien!,mediatedAgro*acterium tumeacien!,mediatedtran!ormation)tran!ormation)
, Genetic im$ro(ement oer! t%e $otentia# to, Genetic im$ro(ement oer! t%e $otentia# to
generate a *anana $#ant "it% re!i!tance togenerate a *anana $#ant "it% re!i!tance to
Fu!arium "i#t and ot%er im$ortant di!ea!e!Fu!arium "i#t and ot%er im$ortant di!ea!e!
Soi# Su$$re!!i(e to Fu!arium Wi#t o BananaSoi# Su$$re!!i(e to Fu!arium Wi#t o Banana
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
29/35
Soi# Su$$re!!i(e to Fu!arium Wi#t o BananaSoi# Su$$re!!i(e to Fu!arium Wi#t o Banana
Su$$re!!i(e !oi#! are !oi#! in "%ic% di!ea!e !e(erit'Su$$re!!i(e !oi#! are !oi#! in "%ic% di!ea!e !e(erit'i! reduced de!$ite t%e $re!ence o t%e $at%ogen&i! reduced de!$ite t%e $re!ence o t%e $at%ogen&
!u!ce$ti*#e %o!t and a(ora*#e en(ironmenta#!u!ce$ti*#e %o!t and a(ora*#e en(ironmenta#condition!)condition!)
Fir!t o*!er(ed in Centra# America 6+?227Fir!t o*!er(ed in Centra# America 6+?227
Occur! "or#d"ideOccur! "or#d"ide Determined *' time rom $#anting to $#ant deat%Determined *' time rom $#anting to $#ant deat%
Eit%er en%ance $#ant %ea#t% or !u$$re!! $at%ogenEit%er en%ance $#ant %ea#t% or !u$$re!! $at%ogen
Su$$re!!i(ene!! re!u#t! rom -Su$$re!!i(ene!! re!u#t! rom -
, !oi# $%'!ica# !tructure, !oi# $%'!ica# !tructure
, Nutritiona# !tatu!8c%emica# com$o!ition, Nutritiona# !tatu!8c%emica# com$o!ition
, Micro*ia# com$o!ition, Micro*ia# com$o!ition
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
30/35
S i# % i # i iS i# % i # iti
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
31/35
Soi# c%emica# com$o!ition-Soi# c%emica# com$o!ition-
, Macronutrient!, Macronutrient!
, Micronutrient!, Micronutrient!
, Organic amendment!, Organic amendment!
APPLICATION OF SUPPRESSIKE SOILS TO MANAGEAPPLICATION OF SUPPRESSIKE SOILS TO MANAGE
FUSARIUM WILT OF BANANAFUSARIUM WILT OF BANANA
Mani$u#ation o !oi# !tructure-Mani$u#ation o !oi# !tructure-
,Pro$er ie#d $re$aration,Pro$er ie#d $re$aration
Mani$u#ation o $#ant nutrition-Mani$u#ation o $#ant nutrition-
Macro- N&@&SMacro- N&@&S
Micro- Fe& Hn& B& SiMicro- Fe& Hn& B& Si
Organic materia#Organic materia#
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
32/35
Mani$u#ation o r%i5o!$%ere micro*ia#Mani$u#ation o r%i5o!$%ere micro*ia#
!tatu!-!tatu!-
Fungi , Non,$at%ogenic Foc)&Fungi , Non,$at%ogenic Foc)& Tric%odermaTric%oderma!$$)!$$)
Bacteria , F#oure!centBacteria , F#oure!cent P!eudomona!& Ba!i##u!P!eudomona!& Ba!i##u!
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
33/35
Recommendation!Recommendation!
+) Pre(ent t%e introduction o Fu!arium "i#t into+) Pre(ent t%e introduction o Fu!arium "i#t into
di!ea!e, ree arm!8 ie#d!di!ea!e, ree arm!8 ie#d! Honoring quarantine regulationsHonoring quarantine regulations
Using tissue culture banana plantsUsing tissue culture banana plants
Water baths with disinfectants and restriction signboardsWater baths with disinfectants and restriction signboards
Clean all machinery, equipment and tools used inClean all machinery, equipment and tools used in
potential diseased fieldspotential diseased fields
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
34/35
7/25/2019 Control Management of Fusarium Wilt
35/35
4) An integrated di!ea!e management !trateg'4) An integrated di!ea!e management !trateg'
can *e de(e#o$edcan *e de(e#o$ed
"iological control organisms"iological control organisms
Chemical and biological elicitors of plant systemicChemical and biological elicitors of plant systemic
resistance responsesresistance responses
Impro!ing plant health status by effecti!e plant nutritionImpro!ing plant health status by effecti!e plant nutrition
#anipulating the soil en!ironment for reduced pathogen#anipulating the soil en!ironment for reduced pathogen
acti!ityacti!ity
Use of potential Fusarium wilt tolerant plantsUse of potential Fusarium wilt tolerant plants