Analele ştiinţifice ale Universităţii “Al. I. Cuza” Iaşi Tomul LVI, fasc. 1, s. II a. Biologie vegetală, 2010 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF FLORA AND VEGETATION FROM BASIN VALEA MORISCA C. TĂNASE * , N. ŞTEFAN * Abstract. This paper contains preliminary results obtained in the period 2009-2010, materialized in flora conspect, cenotaxonomic conspect and analysis of aquatic and marsh flora in the territory Valea Morisca. The flora conspect (aquatic and marsh plants) contains 216 species and subspecies belonging to 123 kind and 48 families. The ecosystems investigated were identified 17 plant associations, belonging to 3 classes, 7 orders and 11 alliances. Key works: aquatic and marsh plants, Valea Morisca. Introduction Valea Morisca is located in the Botosani county in northeast Plain Moldavia, with an area of 224 square kilometers. It is characterized by the general orientation of the valleys to the north-west to south-east, with frequent asymmetry due to geological structure. The frequency of categories of altitude shows that most hills have heights ranging from 140-200 m. The most common soils are chernozem category in various stages of evolution. Hydrographic network for Valea Morisca is characterized by the presence of a chain of ponds met along the river Morisca [9]. Valea Morisca has its origin in the forest Crow, near Dorohoi. It can be considered a stream with permanent flow regime mainly due to the leakage from fish ponds: Lipovanul and Iazul Mare of Brăieşti, Staruşte and Jianu of Roma, Iazul Domnesc (Melik) and Ghidu, fish nursery, Pârlogeanu ponds and Popăuţi of Costeşti and Stăuceni ponds [10]. The region is located in an area with excessive temperate -continental. The annual average precipitation is 566.4 mm, prevailing winds are from north east [10]. From the above data result that Valea Morişca is located in an area with excessive continental climate, characterized by large temperature variations, while unevenly distributed rainfall and torrential character, violent winds accompanied by blizzards in winter season and prolonged droughts in summer. Results and Discussion The vegetation in the area Valea Morisca is located in the region of silvosteppe north of Moldova. Most communities of steppe grasslands, which occur fragmented in habitat study area falls within the association Taraxaco-serotinae - Festucetum valesiacae (Burduja et al. 1956, Răvăruţ et al. 1956, Sârbu, Coldea et Chifu 1999). Among other associations derived and secondary of grassland, we indicate Taraxaco - serotinae - Botriochloetum ischaemi (Burduja et al. 1956, Sârbu, Coldea et Chifu 1999). In the present study was focused on marsh and aquatic vegetation, found in area lakes, wetlands and watershed. Unit main phytosociological association is Phragmitetum vulgaris Soó 1927, of * “Al. I. Cuza” University of Iasi, Faculty of Biology, Carol I Bd., no. 20A, 700506, Iasi, Romania. email: [email protected]87
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Analele ştiinţifice ale Universităţii “Al. I. Cuza” Iaşi Tomul LVI, fasc. 1, s. II a. Biologie vegetală, 2010
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF FLORA AND VEGETATION FROM BASIN VALEA MORISCA
C. TĂNASE*, N. ŞTEFAN*
Abstract. This paper contains preliminary results obtained in the period 2009-2010, materialized in flora conspect, cenotaxonomic conspect and analysis of aquatic and marsh flora in the territory Valea Morisca. The flora conspect (aquatic and marsh plants) contains 216 species and subspecies belonging to 123 kind and 48 families. The ecosystems investigated were identified 17 plant associations, belonging to 3 classes, 7 orders and 11 alliances. Key works: aquatic and marsh plants, Valea Morisca.
Introduction
Valea Morisca is located in the Botosani county in northeast Plain Moldavia, with
an area of 224 square kilometers. It is characterized by the general orientation of the valleys to the north-west to south-east, with frequent asymmetry due to geological structure. The frequency of categories of altitude shows that most hills have heights ranging from 140-200 m. The most common soils are chernozem category in various stages of evolution.
Hydrographic network for Valea Morisca is characterized by the presence of a chain of ponds met along the river Morisca [9]. Valea Morisca has its origin in the forest Crow, near Dorohoi. It can be considered a stream with permanent flow regime mainly due to the leakage from fish ponds: Lipovanul and Iazul Mare of Brăieşti, Staruşte and Jianu of Roma, Iazul Domnesc (Melik) and Ghidu, fish nursery, Pârlogeanu ponds and Popăuţi of Costeşti and Stăuceni ponds [10]. The region is located in an area with excessive temperate -continental. The annual average precipitation is 566.4 mm, prevailing winds are from north east [10].
From the above data result that Valea Morişca is located in an area with excessive continental climate, characterized by large temperature variations, while unevenly distributed rainfall and torrential character, violent winds accompanied by blizzards in winter season and prolonged droughts in summer.
Results and Discussion
The vegetation in the area Valea Morisca is located in the region of silvosteppe
north of Moldova. Most communities of steppe grasslands, which occur fragmented in habitat study area falls within the association Taraxaco-serotinae - Festucetum valesiacae (Burduja et al. 1956, Răvăruţ et al. 1956, Sârbu, Coldea et Chifu 1999). Among other associations derived and secondary of grassland, we indicate Taraxaco - serotinae - Botriochloetum ischaemi (Burduja et al. 1956, Sârbu, Coldea et Chifu 1999). In the present study was focused on marsh and aquatic vegetation, found in area lakes, wetlands and watershed. Unit main phytosociological association is Phragmitetum vulgaris Soó 1927, of
* “Al. I. Cuza” University of Iasi, Faculty of Biology, Carol I Bd., no. 20A, 700506, Iasi, Romania. email: [email protected]
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stretches of reeds forming variables, along many rivers, swamps, marshes, ponds, etc., and the association Lemnetum minoris (Oberd 1957) Müller et Gorse 1960 it is caracteristique for aquatic vegetation. Other wetlands and aquatic associations are: Typhetum angustifoliae Pignatti 1953, Typhetum latifoliae, Lang 1973, Caricetum acutiformis Eggler 1933, Ceratophylletum demersi Hild,1956, Potamogetonetum pectinati Carstensen 1955, Potamogetonetum crispi Soó 1927.
The following it is presented the cenotaxonomic conspect and describing association in the Valea Morisca area.
Cls. LEMNETEA MINORIS de Bolós et Masclans 1955
Ord. LEMETALIA MINORIS de Bolós et Masclans 1955 Al. Lemnion minoris de Bolós et Masclans 1955 Lemnetum minoris
(Oberd 1957) Müller et Görs 1960 An association spread in all water basins in the studied area, well vegetate in reeds
clearings especially between the reeds strip and the shore. It presents an optimal development of the standing water ponds in the Valea Morisca. (tab. I, rel. 1,2,3,4), but can also vegetate in to easy flowing river. In general, phytocoenosis are dominated by Lemna minor and only in biotic influence, has a more pronounced development Lemna trisulca. The submerged substrate is mainly composed by Ceratophyllum demersum
Al. Riccio – Lemnion trisulcae R. Tüxen 1974 ASSOCIATION Lemnetum trisulcae Knapp et Stoffers 1962
This phytocoenosis develops in shallow depth (tab. I rel. 5, 6). The stations with Lemna trisulca are generally indicative’s for less rich waters in mineral salts and weakly influenced biotic. Besides the dominant species, we can come across: Lemna minor, Spirodela polyrhiza, Myriophyllum spicatum, Potamogeton crispus etc.
This association is common in the waters from studied area (tab. I, rel. 7 and 8), being mentioned in all provinces of Romania. The water has a good trophycity mineral, being not only mesotrophyc but also eutrophyc. Dominant species, Utricularia vulgaris, has a relatively low overall coverage to 30%.
This phytocoenosis grows in lakes waters, ponds, canals aging, often clogged, but sunny (tab. I, rel. 9 and 10). It prefers eutrophic waters with a medium degree of mineralization. It is an association more difficult to delimit because Ceratophyllum demersum is present in numerous groups of classes Potametea and Lemnetea. The floristic composition of the association dominates Ceratophyllum demersum, which still meets with constant Lemna minor, L. trisulca, Utricularia vulgaris, Potamogeton pectinatus.
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Cls. POTAMOGETONETEA PECTINATI Tx. et Prsg. 1942 Ord. POTAMOGETONETALIA PECTINATI W. Koch 1926
These phytocoenosis are growing in stagnate waters with low oxygen, polluted, from shallow lakes, upon a typical or softness limnosol with peaty intercalations (tab. II, rel. 1, 2, 3). Species Potamogeton pectinatus it is enlightening and quite.
ASSOCIATION Potamogetonetum crispi Soó 1927 It is very common, occupies the former irrigation channels. The resorts are rich in
organic suspensions with warm and shallow waters, favoring expansive development of these phytocenosis, where the dominant species of Potamogeton crispus, it becomes almost exclusive (tab. II, rel. 5, 6, 7).
subass. myriophylletosum verticillati Soó 1934 This association occupies large areas, preferring standing water or less weak stream, with
a depth of between 0.8 to 1.5 m. The dominant species Myriophyllum spicatum and Potamogeton lucens presents indices of abundance-dominance of the largest. Among the following elements we can recall: Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton pusillus, Ceratophyllum demersum. In the waters of the Valea Morisca, there is the subassociation myriophylletosum verticillata Soo 1957, because these waters are meso - eutrophyc (tab. II, rel. 5,6,7).
This association is developing clusters, in sheltered places, standing near the shore and gently flowing lakes water, ponds, canals, where they produce large accumulations of organic material. The waters have an average degree of mineralization, with reaction slightly acidic to alkaline (pH = 4.4 – 8). The characteristic and dominant species is Polygonum amphibium f. aquaticum (tab. II, rel. 11, 12, 13) Cls. PHRAGMITETEA Tx. et Prsg. 1942
Ord. PHRAGMITETALIA W. Koch 1926 em. Pign. 1953 Al. Phragmition communis Koch 1926 ASSOCIATION Scirpo - Phragmitetum W. Koch 1926
The hydrophilic phytocoenosis of this association are widespread in the Valea Morisca, occupying the small area of ponds or lakes with water. The soils on which they develop are loamy or clayey - peaty, temporarily or permanently flooded (tab. III, rel. 1-5). Characteristic and dominant species, with a greater consistency in the alliance, which prints a particular physiognomy are: Schoenoplectus lacustris and Phragmites australis.
ASSOCIATION Glycerietum maximae Hueck 1931 This association is common in the region of Valea Morisca, preferring depressions
places where water does not exceed 50 cm depth (tab. III, rel. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10). Characteristic and dominant species, Glyceria maxima, bear slightly stronger water-level variable and therefore, phytocoenosis which they relate to, may differ as cenotaxonomic and physiognomy wageclass. The species well represented in the association are: Phragmites australis, Mentha aquatica, Sparganium erectum etc.
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ASSOCIATION Typhetum latifoliae G. Lang 1973 The eutrophic phytocoenosis of the association are often spread on the territory
Valea Morisca. They inhabit shallow waters (0.2 m) and the shores of some eutrophic lakes with hydromorphic soils, rich in nutrients (tab. III, rel. 11, 12, 13, 14). Differential and dominant species are Typha latifolia, accompanied by the characteristic elements of alliance and order such as: Phragmites australis, Scirpus lacustris, Glyceria maxima, Mentha aquatica, Sparganium erectum.
ASSOCIATION Typhetum angustifoliae Pignatti 1953 The phytocoenosis of this association are stationed near the shore, where the water
depth does not exceed 0.5 to 0.8 m (tab. III, rel. 15-17). It develops between the phytocoenosis Scirpo - Phragmitetum and shore. Dominant species is Typha angustifolia, cover up to 60% of phytocoenosis.
It is a hygrophilous and weak halophyilous association which is often found in the Valea Morişca (tab. IV, rel. 1-3). It vegetates on swampy soil, poorly halophilous, eutrophic, with excess water in the first half of the year. The associations of the studied area is developed under moderate trophicity and low in bases, being dominated by Bolboschoenus maritimus.
Ord. MAGNOCARICETALIA ELATAE Pign. 1953 Al. Magnocaricion elatae W. Koch 1926 ASSOCIATION Caricetum acutiformis Eggler 1933
These phytocoenosis are installed at the edge lakes, ponds, wetlands or temporarily flooded lands (tab. IV, rel. 4-6). The association is distributed in the form of patches or bands stationed between reeds, flooded sedges or mesohidrophilic pastores of banks. With Carex acutiformis, we frequently encounter: Carex rostrata, Galium palustre, Carex vulpina, Phragmites australis etc.
ASSOCIATION Caricetum vulpinae Novinski 1927 The phytocoenosis erected by Carex vulpina represents the external phase in the
dynamic associations of the sedges high, eutrophic, making the transition to wet grassland meadow. The phytocenosis are installed on that land which has a tendency of drying, edifying species, Carex vulpina, supporting even the duration of soil drying (tab. IV, rel. 7 and 8). The most abundant species in this association are: Carex ovalis, Carex riparia, Lysimachia nummularia, Sparganium erectum, Phragmites australis etc.
Ord. OENANTHETALIA AQUATICAE Hejný in Kopecký ex Hejný 1965 Al. Oenanthion aquaticae Hejný ex Neuhäusl 1959 ASSOCIATION Eleocharietum palustris Schennikov 1919
These phytocoenosis are widespread in rivers floodplains, in little depression, on the ponds, everywhere where the soil has an excess of humidity. (tab. IV, rel. 9 and 10). Being an association of transition from marsh vegetation in the mesophilic, in these phytocenosis are found species with wider spectrum of requirements to fluid factor. Among the most representative species recall: Eleocharis palustris, Butomus umbellatus, Stachys palustris, Phragmites australis etc.
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ASSOCIATION Oenantho- Rorippetum Lohmayer 1950 The phytocenosis dominated by Oenanthe aquatica, with lush growth, vegetate on
undeveloped land, consisting of humic and alluvial sandy shores, and those gleyic, wetlands, rich in sediments (tab. IV, rel. 11 and 12). The two co-dominant trees species, Rorippa amhibia shows a stronger growth in the first part of the growing season. These phytocoenosis come into contact with those by Scirpo-Phragmitetum or Sparganietum erection, which have many species in common. Among the most common species we can include: Butomus umbellatus, Carex vulpina, Stachys palustris etc.
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