KEGAGALAN SCREENING PADA KASUS SAND CONTROL SUMUR X-TWIN DI LAPANGAN MANGUNJAYA, SUMATRA SELATAN Undergraduate Theses from JBPTITBPP / 2010-01-12 15:55:51 Oleh : OMAR AL FAROUQ (NIM 12204011), Central Library Institute Technology Bandung Dibuat : 2009, dengan 1 file Keyword : Twin, Kekuatan formasi, tekanan formasi, Gravel-pack, Pengangkatan buatan Lapangan MangunJaya di Sumatra Selatan merupakan lapangan minyak tua yang telah berproduksi sejak 1936 oleh Shell. Kondisi reservoir yang dangkal dan berupa formasi batu pasir (sandstones) membuat lapangan tersebut mengalami masalah tingkat kepasiran yang tinggi. Di dalam makalah ini dibahas mengenai hasil pekerjaan di lapangan dalam analisis kasus kepasiran (sand control) pada sumur X-twin. Ikut terproduksinya pasir pada saat memproduksikan fluida minyak, gas, maupun air dibawah permukaan bumi adalah permasalahan yang lama dan sering terjadi di industri migas. Hal ini tidak diharapkan karena berakibat terjadinya penurunan produksi sumur, kerusakan formasi, maupun kerusakan peralatan. Secara umum, munculnya produksi pasir selain diakibatkan laju produksi yang tinggi yang tidak terkendali juga karena kondisi dari formasi (reservoir) itu sendiri seperti faktor sementasi batuan, kekuatan formasi, tegangan (stress) di sekitar lubang bor, dan penurunan tekanan formasi (draw-down). Dari hasil sieve analysis, saya mencoba merekomendasikan stand alone screen pada sumur X- twin tanpa gravel-pack. Dipilih penggunaan screen selain karena praktis dan mudah juga biayanya murah dibandingkan metode sand-control lainnya. Dalam pengerjaannya bersama dengan PETRA sebagai pemilik lapangan, kegiatan ini mengalami kegagalan karena terjadi penyumbatan pada screen sehingga produksi sama dengan nol. Selain itu, sumur X-twin yang baru selesai dibor pada akhir Juli 2008 sudah tidak mampu berproduksi secara alami. Tekanan reservoir yang telah turun tidak bisa mengangkat fluida sampai ke permukaan. Hal ini membuat metode pengangkatan buatan menjadi dominan pada lapangan ini terutama penggunaan Progressive Cavity Pump (PCP) termasuk pada sumur X-twin. Deskripsi Alternatif : MangunJaya is an oil field in South Sumatra. It was produced by Shell since 1936. High abrasive or sand problem occurs from it because the condition of reservoir is shallow and sandstone formation. This paper discuss the result of my job in this field about sand control case in well X-twin. Sand production at the times of producing fluids either that oil, gas, or water in subsurface is old problem and very often in the industry. This case is not expected an occurs because a decrease production well, formation damage, and also equipments failures. Generally, an appearance produce of sand not only high production rate of not control but also condition from formation (reservoir) likes a cementation factor, formation strength, tension in a around bore hole, and pressure drop formation (drawdown).
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KEGAGALAN SCREENING PADA KASUS SAND CONTROL SUMUR X-TWIN DI LAPANGAN MANGUNJAYA, SUMATRA SELATANUndergraduate Theses from JBPTITBPP / 2010-01-12 15:55:51Oleh : OMAR AL FAROUQ (NIM 12204011), Central Library Institute Technology BandungDibuat : 2009, dengan 1 file
Keyword : Twin, Kekuatan formasi, tekanan formasi, Gravel-pack, Pengangkatan buatan
Lapangan MangunJaya di Sumatra Selatan merupakan lapangan minyak tua yang telah berproduksi sejak 1936 oleh Shell. Kondisi reservoir yang dangkal dan berupa formasi batu pasir (sandstones) membuat lapangan tersebut mengalami masalah tingkat kepasiran yang tinggi. Di dalam makalah ini dibahas mengenai hasil pekerjaan di lapangan dalam analisis kasus kepasiran (sand control) pada sumur X-twin.
Ikut terproduksinya pasir pada saat memproduksikan fluida minyak, gas, maupun air dibawah permukaan bumi adalah permasalahan yang lama dan sering terjadi di industri migas. Hal ini tidak diharapkan karena berakibat terjadinya penurunan produksi sumur, kerusakan formasi, maupun kerusakan peralatan. Secara umum, munculnya produksi pasir selain diakibatkan laju produksi yang tinggi yang tidak terkendali juga karena kondisi dari formasi (reservoir) itu sendiri seperti faktor sementasi batuan, kekuatan formasi, tegangan (stress) di sekitar lubang bor, dan penurunan tekanan formasi (draw-down).
Dari hasil sieve analysis, saya mencoba merekomendasikan stand alone screen pada sumur X-twin tanpa gravel-pack. Dipilih penggunaan screen selain karena praktis dan mudah juga biayanya murah dibandingkan metode sand-control lainnya. Dalam pengerjaannya bersama dengan PETRA sebagai pemilik lapangan, kegiatan ini mengalami kegagalan karena terjadi penyumbatan pada screen sehingga produksi sama dengan nol.
Selain itu, sumur X-twin yang baru selesai dibor pada akhir Juli 2008 sudah tidak mampu berproduksi secara alami. Tekanan reservoir yang telah turun tidak bisa mengangkat fluida sampai ke permukaan. Hal ini membuat metode pengangkatan buatan menjadi dominan pada lapangan ini terutama penggunaan Progressive Cavity Pump (PCP) termasuk pada sumur X-twin.
Deskripsi Alternatif :
MangunJaya is an oil field in South Sumatra. It was produced by Shell since 1936. High abrasive or sand problem occurs from it because the condition of reservoir is shallow and sandstone formation. This paper discuss the result of my job in this field about sand control case in well X-twin.
Sand production at the times of producing fluids either that oil, gas, or water in subsurface is old problem and very often in the industry. This case is not expected an occurs because a decrease production well, formation damage, and also equipments failures. Generally, an appearance produce of sand not only high production rate of not control but also condition from formation (reservoir) likes a cementation factor, formation strength, tension in a around bore hole, and pressure drop formation (drawdown).
From the sieve analysis, I try to reccomendation using stand alone screen in well X-twin. The choise it because to easy, practice and more cheap than the another methos of sand control. In working together with PETRA as owner of field, the testing activities is failure because screen plugging or result of production is null.
Besides, ability of reservoir pressure is very down so needs using Progressive Cavity Pump (PCP) in
production well. A methods of artificial lift is very dominant using in a MangunJaya field because the fluids cannot be naturally productive.
The Chicontepec Basin (CB) contains54% of Mexico’s non-Cantarell provenreserves. The region’s geology, however, makesextraction extremely challenging because sanddistributions restrict oil flow. This low permeabilitycharacterizes the Basin and has ledGeorge Baker, publisher of MexicoEnergy Intelligence, to concludethat the prospects forthe area are suspect. Bakerargues the potential of theCB is “a highly speculativeinvestment, given the adversegeological parameters of thefield, the rapid annual declinerate of 50% and the low rate ofinitial production, typically below150 barrels a day.”The CB faces other issues aswell: (a) this onshore system covers anextended area of 2,400 square miles, thusrequiring extensive infrastructure development,(b) the overwhelming majority of thereserves are classified as heavy, (c) oil recoveryrates barely reach 10% and the field isexpected to peak in 2016. In his 2005 book,The Coming Oil Crisis, Colin Campbell claimsMexico systematically exaggerates the recoverable oil in the CB.Sumber: Cantarell Is Not Mexico’s Only Oil Production ProblemBy Jude Clemente, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
Dari beberapa data lapangan, bahwa problem produksi yang sering dialami mempengaruhi laju produksi sumur adalah problem kepasiran beberapa cara teknik yang digunakan untuk menanggulangi problem kepasiran tersebut antara lain :
1. Sand Clean Up
Dikerjakan dan dilaksanakan untuk sumur-sumur yang mengalami problem kepasiran dengan “Field Up Rate” (kecepatan pasir menutupi lubang sumur) yang paling rendah dan hanya mengganggu laju produksi secara berkala, karena lubang perforasi tertutup oleh pasir atau lempung.
Teknik dan peralatan yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk Sand Clean Up adalah :
a. Sand Bailer / Sand Pump
Dimana alat ini berbentuk barrel yang dirangkai dengan tubing dan dimasukkan ke dalam lubang sumur dengan rangkaian tubing atau wire line dan sampai kedalaman yang diinginkan dan setelah barrel penuh berisi pasir, rangkaian tubing / wire line diangkat ke permukaan, selanjutnya pasir dibersihkan di permukaan, begitu seterusnya sampai tinggi pasir dibawah lubang perforasi. Semua operasi cabut masuk rangkaian tubing dan wire line menggunakan work over rig.
Estimasi biaya : Work Over Rig Rp............ X 7 hari kerja US$ SDM Completion Fluid :......................... US$ Total :......................... US$
b. Clean Up Sand
Membersihkan pasir dengan menggunakan rangkaian tubing atau coil tubing, dimana water gel di pompakan / disirkulasikan ke dalam lubang sumur sampai tinggi pasir dibawah tinggi lubang perforasi. Operasi tersebut menggunakan work over rig atau tubing unit.
Estimasi biaya : Form Chemical Work Over Rig Personel Total
Dikerjakan dengan menggunakan Coil Tubing Unit (CTU) yang diujung coil tubing dipasang “Vacum Tool” yang dikoneksikan dengan Dual String Coil Tubing (diameter 2.375” dan 1.25”), dimasukkan kedalam sumur dan dipompakan fluida water gel / fresh water melalui coil tubing menghasilkan efek jetting di “Vacum Tool” yang menghisap pasir dan mengalir ke permukaan melalui anmulus CT – CT.
Estimasi Biaya : Seandainya menggunakan Coil Tubing Unit : Coil Tubing Unit US$ 35.000 Chemicals US$ 500 Personnel US$ 2.000 Additional Charge US$ 2.000 Total US$ 39.500
2. Sand Consolidation
Dikerjakan untuk sumur-sumur yang mengalami kepasiran dengan “Fill Up Rate” yang cepat / tinggi dan dapat merusak peralatan produksi (obrasive). Seperti pompa, tubing, drifice dll, sehingga laju produksi tidak optimum bahkan sumur tersebut tidak dapat berproduksi lagi. Peralatan yang digunakan untuk sand consolidation adalah :
a. Screen / Slotted Liner, menggunakan screen yang ditempatkan I depan perforasi untuk mencegah dan manyaring pasir dari lubang perforasi. Ukuran lubang dari screen ditentukan oleh analisa butiran (sleve analisis) dari pasir produksi.
Estimasi biaya Workover Rig US$. Screen Liner / m US$ Total US$
b. Gravel Pack, menggunakan gravel (pasir) yang ditempatkan di anmulus antara screen dan perforated casing, dengan cara dicampur dengan water gel dan dipompakan melalui gravel pack tool. Ukuran butiran dari butiran gravel tersebut ditentukan oleh analisa butiran (Sieve Analisis) dari pasir yang terproduksi. Estimasi biaya Pompa dll
Chemicals Personel Total
c. Sand Resin Coated, menggunakan pasir / gravel yang ditempatkan di formasi dengan cara dicampur dengan water gel dan dipompakan masuk ke dalam formasi dan di aktifkan resinnya dengan menggunakan activator. Estimasi biaya :Pompa dll Chemicals Resin Personel Total
3. Sand Fracturing
Dilakukan untuk mengatasi sumur-sumur yang mengalami problem selain kepasiran juga mengalami problem kerusakan formasi (Formastion Damage) mis scale, filtrate lumpur/bonding semen jelek atau dikarenakan permeabilitas batuan yang rendah. Teknik dan peralatan yang dibutuhkan untuk sand frac adalah :
A. Frac Pack
Menggunakan fracturing unit yang digunakan untuk menempatkan pasir / gravel di formasi dan di screen-screen casing perforated anmulus, dengan cara memompakan pasir yang dicampur dengan water gel melewati gravel pack tool (Square Position) pada tekanan diatas tekanan rekam formasi, setelah jumlah pasir sesuai dengan fracturing program atau mengalami screen out. Gravel Pack Tool di set pada posisi (Circulated) dan di lanjutkan dengan memompakan pasir sampai kondisi pack di anmulus screen-casing tercapai.
Estimasi biaya : Pompa Chemicals, pasir Personel Total
B. Damage Frac
Menggunakan pasir / gravel yang ditempatkan di formasi dengan cara dicampur dengan water gel dan dipompakan dengan fracturing unit pada tekanan diatas tekanan formasi. Dengan terisinya formasi dengan pasir yang butirannya lebih homogen dan permeabilitasnya diharapkan formasi mengalami kenaikan permeabilitas dan mengalami stabilitas formasi yang lebih baik sehingga pasir tidak terproduksi ke lubang sumur.
Methods of Sand Control - Restricting the production rate of the well. This reduces the drag forces on
the sand grains. This is often an uneconomical solution. Increasing the number and diameter of the perforations also reduces the flow velocity and drawdown pressures.
- Gravel packing is the oldest and simplest method of sand control. Works in both on and off shore wells.
- Sand consolidation; resins are injected into the formation binding the grains of sand while leaving pore spaces open.
- Resin coated gravel packs; gravel coated with resin is placed in the casing and perforations. The resin binds the grains together which results in a strong but permeable filter. The excess is drilled out of the casing so the well is produced with a full opening wellbore. This can be used with or without a screen, can be placed using coiled tubing.
The method of sand control will depend on such parameters as grain-size distribution, clay content, interval length, well deviation, flow rate and of course costs.
Title Production Problems in the Grass Creek Oil Field
Authors Edward L. Estabrook, Midwest Refining Co.
Source Published in Transactions, AIME, Volume 68, 1923, pages 1130-1137.
Preview This paper gives a brief account of the geologic and production problems encountered in the Grass Creek oil field, the
methods used in their solution, and the beneficial results obtained from the work. The author wishes to acknowledge the
assistance received from J. H. Pearson and Miss Ninetta A. Davis in the collection of the data and the preparation of the
cross-sections. Permission for its publication was given by the officials of the Midwest Refining Co. and the Ohio Oil Co.
The Grass Creek oil field is located in Ts. 98-99 W., R. 46 N., Hot Springs County, Wyo. The productive area includes
about 2½ mi. (4 km.) on the apex of a great anticlinal fold occupying more than 150 sq. mi. Fig. 1 shows the structural
contours of the field. Oil was discovered in the field in June, 1914; development proceeded rapidly and production rose
to a maximum in 1918. About 350 wells, 800 to 1500 ft. (243 to 457 m.) deep, have been drilled to reach the upper oil
sands; two companies, the Ohio Oil Co. and the Midwest Refining Co., operate the entire field.
The principal producing sands in the field are members of the Frontier Formation, a series of sands and shales
occurring in the upper portion of the Colorado Group of the Upper Cretaceous series. These Frontier, or "Wall Creek"
sands are also productive in the Salt Creek, Big Muddy, and Elk Basin fields and, therefore, are much the most
important reservoirs of light oil in Wyoming. At Grass Creek, the sands in the Formation are more numerous than in the
other fields and much less uniform in thickness and character. Usually, eight distinct beds are encountered and in some
wells twelve sands have been reported.
Title Case Study: The Application of Sand Management Solution for Sarir Field in Libya
Authors K. Qiu, SPE, Schlumberger; Y. Gherryo and M. Shatwan, SPE, AGOCO, Libya; R. Marsden, J. Alexander, and A.
Retnanto, SPE, Schlumberger
Source SPE North Africa Technical Conference & Exhibition, 12-14 March 2008, Marrakech, Morocco
ISBN 978-1-55563-189-5
Copyright 2008. Society of Petroleum Engineers
Discipline
Categories 1.5.3 Sand Control
Preview Abstract
Sand production from the Sarir field became a major concern for AGOCO at the end of the 1980s when ESPs were
introduced to the field. The sanding severely impaired the performance of field, and consequently led to significant
economic loss.
AGOCO recognized that it was facing a major challenge in terms of understanding potential sanding risk for Sarir, and
that it was necessary to design and implement a sandface completion and sand management strategy for more than
400 wells in the field. It was decided to apply a particular systematical approach, termed as Sand Management Solution
(SMS), to properly address the sanding issues it was facing, which involved prediction, prevention, monitoring, and, if
required, remediation activities. The first step in the SMS was to obtain a clear understanding of the cause and the
mechanism for the sand production. This knowledge was required because attempts to run new completion designs
without knowing the cause of the sand and understanding the risks had been proved costly, and would be likely to fail.
To this end, a SMS was implemented in Sarir field. The work started from geomechanical reservoir characterization
including geomechanics core laboratory test and mechanical earth model building, sanding prediction and evaluation,
and a detailed review of sanding history to understand the severity of the sanding risk and sanding mechanism. Based
on this knowledge, sanding management and remedial completion measures were devised that would minimize
economic loss caused by sanding and optimize hydrocarbon production.
This paper provides details of implementation of this SMS in the Sarir field, and demonstrates that a systematical
approach is required when addressing sanding issues in giant mature fields such as Sarir.
Introduction
Sanding is a major concern for AGOCO. Sand production can destroy electrical submersible pumps (ESP), erode
completion hardware and surface equipment, and block flowlines and trunklines. It can also lead to casing failure or
borehole collapse. In addition to the costs associated with lost production, workovers, and the repair of ESPs, surface
equipment, and pipelines, operators also have to manage the separation and disposal of the sand produced with the oil.
Sand production from the Sarir field was first recorded in the mid-1970s, when sand fills were discovered during
workover operations. At that time the issue was not considered to be a major problem, but that changed at the end of
the 1980s when ESPs were introduced across the field. Some of these ESPs, which were installed to sustain production
rates, failed as a direct result of sand influx. Since 1984, most wells in Sarir field have been periodically cleaned as a
precaution against sanding-related problems.
AGOCO, the field operator, investigated the issue, and in 1992 the first gravel-pack completion was installed in the Well
A to prevent sand production. However, sand control measures were not applied across the entire field.
A geomechanics study conducted in 2004 (Sarir Sanding Study Phase I1) examined seven wells in the south eastern
part of Sarir. It identified the source and severity of the sand production, linking the problem to the occurrence of thin
beds, and proposed new completion solutions to address the issue and optimize production in that part of the field. A
Phase II of the study, discussed here, was initiated by Schlumberger in October 2005 to address a further 25 wells
located in three areas (GC1, GC2 and GC3) that were deemed to be representative of the whole field. The work covered
geomechanical reservoir characterization, review of sanding history, and optimization of completion options. The
principal aims of this project were to identify potential sanding risks, propose optimum well completions, and provide a
complete SMS for the field.
Title Plume Dispersion: Another Problem In The Development Of The Athabasca Oil Sands
Authors J. Wallis, J. K. Donnelly, K. Aziz,The University of Calgary