CONTINUITY OF AN ORGANISM LIFE Chapter III Ms. Ruth
Jun 20, 2015
CONTINUITY OF AN ORGANISM LIFE
Chapter IIIMs. Ruth
Organism on the earth are predicted to have been existed for million years. The fact show that there is continuity of life of organism.
How do organisms sustain their continuity of life?
The continuity of an organism life occurs through internal factors include adaptation and reproduction while external factor is natural selection.
The environment surrounding organism always changes, such as temperature, sunlight, water and food. These changes will influence the continuity of an organism’s life. How can such organism survive?
An organism that is able to survive is an organism which is adaptable. Adaptation is the ability of living organism to adjust itself to its environment and then inherit that ability to its descendants.
Adaptation is a characteristic development of an organism which make it more suited to live and reproduce in an environment.
A. Adaptation
Living organism have different adaptive ability,
some adapt easily while others difficult to adjust.
Living organism that have high adaptive ability will easily adjust to its environment. The organism with low adaptive ability will have a hard time adjusting to its environment and may not survive or even extinct.
There are 3 adaptation processes which are performed by organism to survive in order to preserve their species, they are : morphological adaptation, physiological adaptation, and behavioral adaptation.
Morphological Adaptation is an
adaptation of the shape of body parts or body organs of organisms to their environment .
For example : shapes of birds beak, shapes of birds foot, types of insects mouth, and streamline fish shapes.
Morphological Adaptation
* The shapes of bird’s beak is adjusted according
to the kinds of food they eat.
* A bird’s feet also adjusted based on where the bird lives and its habit.
* The morphological adaptation of an insect’s mouth is based on how it gets its food. Although there are
many different shapes of insect’s mouth, it basically consist of mandibles (the jaws), maxilla (the second
jaws) and the lower lip labium.
Biting or chewing type
Insects which bite,
have strong upper and
lower jaw, for
examples :
grasshopper and
cockroach, cricket.
Sucking or siphoning type
These insects have a long
extracting organ that can be
curled, for example : butterfly.
Butterflies use this mouth part
to extract nectar from the
flowers, true bug use it to
extract fluids from plants and
animals.
Licking or sponging type
These insects have
organs to lick or called
the lips, for examples :
bees and flies.
Piercing and sucking
type
These insects have
strong, long, and sharp
jaws, for examples :
mites and mosquito.
* Fish with streamlined bodies usually fast swimming that may swim in high speeds most of
the time. They can move into one to another areas to hide, to escape from predators or to get
food that cannot be reached by other fish.* Even tough a penguin, an octopus, and a squid
do not have a body shape like fish, they can change their body into a streamlined shape when
they swim quickly in the water.
* other examples of morphological adaptation
* other examples of morphological adaptation
* other examples of morphological adaptation
Physiological Adaptation is an adaptation
of organs functions and system toward an environment. Changes that occurs during adaptation is not physically visible.
Physiological Adaptation
examples of physiological adaptation
Behavioral Adaptation is self adjustment
to the environment by changing its behavior.
Behavioral Adaptation
Factors affecting organism
adaptation
B. REPRODUCTION
Reproduction
Generative / sexual
Reproduction
Pollination
Fertilization
Vegetative / asexual
Reproduction
Natural vegetative
propagation
Bulb, rhizome, stem tuber, root tuber,
stolon, shoots, adventitious
shoots.
Artificial vegetative
propagation
Air layering, ground
layering, cutting.
C. NATURAL SELECTION