Contents Page Creators of the Car ……………………....... Slide 3-5 Karl Benz ……………………………………Slide 6 Gottlieb Daimler ………………………….…Slide

Contents Page

• Creators of the Car ……………………....... Slide 3-5• Karl Benz …………………………………… Slide 6• Gottlieb Daimler ………………………….… Slide 7• First 4 Wheeled Automobile ……………….. Slide 8• Internal Combustion Engine ………………. Slide 9• Timeline ……………………………………… Slide 10-13• Motor Industry ……………………………..... Slide 14• Panhard & Levassor ………………………… Slide 15• Henry Ford …………………………………… Slide 16• Conclusion …………………………………… Slide 17-18• Bibliography ………………………………….. Slide 19

Creators of the car and how it was discovered

• The car was not invented overnight by a single person but by many people over many years. Historians estimate that there are about 100 000 patents “created the modern automobile”

• The first theoretical plans for a car were made by both Leonardo da Vinci and Isaac Newton.

Portrait of Isaac Newton

Creators of the car and how it was discovered continued

• In 1769 the “first self-propelled”road vehicle was a military tractor invented by Nicolas Joseph Cugnot (1725 - 1804). He was a French Engineer. He used a steam engine to power his tractor. This opened a new window for inventors all over the world.

Cugnot’s car crashed into wall

Creators of the Car Continued

• Many history books say that the automobile was invented by either Gottlieb Daimler or Karl Benz.

• The reason that Cugnot is overlooked in so many history books is because they created the first “successful and practicle gasoline powered vehicles” They both invented cars that looked and worked like the cars we use today and so it is difficult to say who invented the automobile.

The Internal Combustion Engine and Early Gas-Powered Cars

Karl Benz• In 1885 Karl Benz designed

and made the world's first practical automobile to be powered by an internal combustion engine. On the 29th January 1886, Benz got the first patent (DRP No. 37435) for a gas-fueled car. It only had 3 wheels. Then he built his first four-wheeled car in 1891.He started a company called Benz & Cie which became the world's biggest manufacturer of automobiles by 1900. He was the first person to integrate an put together a combustion engine and a chassis.

Gottlieb Daimler

• “In 1885, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach took Otto's internal combustion engine a step further and patented the prototype of the modern gas engine.” Daimler and Otto worked together because Daimler worked as technical director of Deutz Gasmotorenfabrik, which Nikolaus Otto co-owned in 1872. One of them also created the first motorbike but it is a very contraversal topic.

Gottlieb Daimler

First four wheeled Automobile

• The 1885 Daimler-Maybach engine was small, light and fast. “The size, speed, and efficiency of the engine allowed for a revolution in car design.” On March 8, 1886, Daimler took a stagecoach and modified it so that it could hold his engine. This was the world’s first 4 wheeled automobile. 

Daimler’s 4 wheeled vehicle

Internal Combustion Engine• Definition: “An internal combustion engine is any engine

that uses the explosive combustion of fuel to push a piston within a cylinder - the piston's movement turns a crankshaft that then turns the car wheels via a chain or a drive shaft.”

• This engine is referred to as the “heart of the automobile”

Internal Combustion Engine

Timeline• 1680 - Christian Huygens

designed the first internal combustion engine that was to be fueled with gunpowder. He did not build this engine.

• 1807 - Francois Isaac de Rivaz invented an internal combustion engine that used a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen for fuel. Rivaz designed a car for his engine but it was a failure because he had a very bad design. 

• 1824 - English engineer, Samuel Brown customised an old di steam engine to burn gas, and he used that modified steam engine to send a vehicle up Shooter's Hill in London.

Shooter’s Hill

Timeline Continued

• 1862 - Alphonse Beau de Rochas patented but did not build a four-stroke engine.

• 1864 - Siegfried Marcus designed a vehicle that could run at 10 mph but only for a short period of time. A few historians believe that this vehicle was the first gasoline-powered vehicle but there are many conflicting stories. Diagram of a 4 stroke engine

Timeline Continued

• 1873 - George Brayton invented an unsuccessful two-stroke kerosene engine but it was still considered the first safe and practical oil engine. 

• 1866 - Eugen Langen and Nikolaus August Otto improved on previous designs and invented a better and more

efficient gas engine. • 1876 - Nikolaus August Otto

invented and patented a successful four-stroke engine.

It is called the "Otto cycle".

Otto Cycle

Timeline Continued

• 1876 – “The first successful two-stroke engine was invented by Sir Dougald Clerk.”

• 1886 - On January 29, Karl Benz received the first patent for a car that was fueled by gas.

• 1889 - Daimler improved the four-stroke engine.

Motor Industry

• By 1900 cars powered by gas became very popular and sold more cars than any other type of motor vehicle. There was a demand for cars and so many people realised thatt there was a lot of money to be made in this market.

• The first people to act were the French. Panhard & Levassor (1889) and Peugeot (1891) Panhard & Levassor became the first car manufacturers in the

Panhard and Levassor’s work

Panhard & Levassor• They built their first car in 1890

using a Daimler engine. They didn’t just manufacture cars but they made improvements to the cars design aswell.

• “Panhard & Levassor made vehicles with a pedal-operated clutch, a chain transmission leading to a change-speed gearbox, and a front radiator. Levassor was the first designer to move the engine to the front of the car and use a rear-wheel drive layout. This design was known as the Systeme Panhard and quickly became the standard for all cars because it gave a better balance and improved steering. Panhard and Levassor are also credited with the invention of the modern transmission - installed in their 1895 Panhard.” 

Panhard & Levassor Logo

Henry Ford

• Henry Ford made improvements to the assembly line and installed the first conveyor belt-based assembly line in his factory.The assembly line made it much cheaper to produce cars because it took much less time to make a car which meant that much more cars could be made.He made a car in 93 minutes to demonstrate the speed that his improvements to the assembly line had made.

• Ford made his first car in 1896 and called it the Quadricycle. But he only became very succesful after he started the Ford Motor Company in 1903. After using the moving assembly lines in his factory in 1913, Ford became the world's biggest car manufacturer and by 1927, 15 million Model Ts had been manufactured.

Model T

Times before cars

• Before cars were invented people relied on animals or walking as transport and people would have to go on long jouneys before getting to there destinations. People were often affected by the weather as they didn’t want to risk their health going out in the hot sun or the cold wind.

• Many people travelled on horseback and those who couldn’t afford a horse would have to walk to wherever they wanted to go. There was a lot more oil in the earth aswell.

How cars affected society• Cars gave birth to a lot of the markets that we

see today e.g. taxis, racing, transportation of goods etc.

• Cars provide a lot of jobs around the world whether it be the production of cars or the transportation of goods.

• Cars abolished traveling merchants because now people could get what they wanted by driving to a retailer.

• Cars resulted in more efficiency

• Cars also helped in burning a big hole in the ozone layer that will affect people dramaticly as they might not be protected from the sun in centuries to come. Cars are also depleting our earths oil supply.

• Cars brought about a new working pace because people could get to different places in a short period of time. People would become more efficient as they would be able to do more in a day because they could get where they needed to go in less time.

Bibliography