NFPA 286 STANDARD METHODS OF FIRE TESTS FOR EVALUATING CONTRIBUTION OF WALL AND CEILING INTERIOR FINISH TO ROOM FIRE GROWTH Contego Latex Fire Barrier Intumescent (Also marketed in Canada by Pyrologistics, Inc. as Fire Barrier Intumescent Latex) Project No. 16539-111931 August 22, 2002 Prepared for: Contego International, Inc. 5815 Phoenix, Suite 4 Dallas, Texas 75231
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NFPA 286
STANDARD METHODS OF FIRETESTS FOR EVALUATINGCONTRIBUTION OF WALL
AND CEILING INTERIOR FINISH TO ROOM FIRE GROWTH
Contego Latex Fire Barrier Intumescent
(Also marketed in Canada by Pyrologistics, Inc. asFire Barrier Intumescent Latex)
Project No. 16539-111931
August 22, 2002
Prepared for:
Contego International, Inc.5815 Phoenix, Suite 4Dallas, Texas 75231
Project No. 16539-111931 August 26, 2002Contego International, Inc. Page iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM PAGE
INTRODUCTION 1
TEST EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION 2
PROCEDURE 5
TEST SPECIMEN 6
TEST RESULTS 6
CONCLUSIONS 7
APPENDICES
Appendix A: DATA 8
Appendix B: PHOTOGRAPHS 25
LAST PAGE OF REPORT 47
Project No. 16539-111931 August 26, 2002Contego International, Inc. Page 1
INTRODUCTION1
This standard describes a method for determining the contribution of interior finish materials toroom fire growth during specified fire exposure conditions. This method is not intended toevaluate the fire endurance of assemblies, nor is it able to evaluate the effect of fires originatingwithin the wall assembly. The method is not intended for the evaluation of floor finishes.
This method is to be used to evaluate the flammability characteristics of interior finish materialswhen such materials constitute the exposed interior surfaces of buildings. This test methodspecifies three types of specimen mounting, depending on the application of the interior finishmaterial, as follows:1) Three walls (for interior finish to be used on walls only)2) Three walls and the ceiling (for interior finish to be used on the walls and ceilings)3) The ceiling alone (for interior finish to be used on ceilings only)
This fire test measures certain fire performance characteristics of interior finish materials in anenclosure under specified fire exposure conditions. It determines the extent to which the interiorfinish materials may contribute to fire growth in a room and the potential for fire spread beyondthe room under the particular conditions simulated. The test indicates the maximum extent of firegrowth in a room, the rate of heat release, and if they occur, the time to flashover and the time toflame extension beyond the doorway following flashover. It does not measure the fire growth in,or the contribution of, the room contents. Time to flashover is defined herein as either the timewhen the radiant flux onto the floor reaches 20 kW/m2, the temperature of the upper air reaches600°C, the heat release rate exceeds 1 MW or flames exit the doorway. A crumpled single sheetof newspaper shall be placed on the floor 4 feet out from the center of the rear wall and 4 ft. infrom the center of the front wall. The spontaneous ignition of this newspaper provides thevisual indication of flashover.
The potential for spread of fire to other objects in the room, remote from the ignition source, isevaluated by measurements of:
1. The total heat flux incident on the center of the floor.2. A characteristic upper-level gas temperature in the room.3. Instantaneous net peak rate of heat release.
The potential for the spread of fire to objects outside the room of origin is evaluated by themeasurement of the total heat release of the fire.
Project No. 16539-111931 August 26, 2002Contego International, Inc. Page 2
TEST EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
IGNITION SOURCE
The ignition source for the test is a gas burner with a nominal 12- by 12-inch porous top surfaceof a refractory material. The burner used at this laboratory is filled with a minimum 4-inch layerof Ottawa sand.
The top surface of the burner is positioned 12 inches above the floor, and the burner enclosure islocated such that the edge of the diffusion surface is located 1 inch from both walls in the leftcorner of the room opposite from the door.
The gas supply to the burner is C.P. grade propane (99 percent purity). The burner is capable ofproducing a gross heat output of 40 ± 1 kW (.92 scfm propane flow) for five minutes followedby a 160 ± 5 kW (3.44 scfm propane flow) for ten minutes. The flow rate is metered throughoutthe test. The design of the burner controls is such that when one quarter-turn ball valve isopened, the flow of gas to the burner produces 40 kW and when a second quarter-turn valve isopened the combined flow produces 160 kW.
COMPARTMENT GEOMETRY AND CONSTRUCTION
The interior dimensions of the floor of the fire room, when the specimens are in place, measures 8feet ± 2 inches by 12 feet ± 2 inches. The finished ceiling is 8 feet ± 2.0 inches above the floor.The four walls are at right angles defining the compartment. The compartment contains a 30.75 ±0.75 by 79.5 ± 0.75 inches doorway in the center of one of the 8- by 8-foot walls. No otheropenings are present to allow ventilation. The test room is lined with 5/8 in. type X gypsum wallboard.
TOTAL HEAT FLUX GAUGE
A gauge shall be mounted a maximum of 1.1 ± 0.9 inches above the floor surface, facing upwardin the geometric center of the test room. The gauge shall be of the Schmidt-Boelter type, with aflat black surface, and a 180 degree view angle. In operation, it shall be maintained at a constanttemperature (within ± 5% °F) above the dew point by water supplied at a temperature from122° to 149°F.
Project No. 16539-111931 August 26, 2002Contego International, Inc. Page 3
THERMOCOUPLES
Bare chromel-alumel thermocouples 20 mil in diameter (24 GA. Type K, Chromel-Alumel,Special Limits of Error: ±1.1°C, purchased with Lot Traceability and with 5-point calibrations ateach end of the Lot Purchase), with electrically welded thermojunctions shall be used at eachrequired location. The thermocouple wires, within 0.5 inches of the thermojunction, shall be runalong expected isotherms to minimize conduction errors. The insulation between the wires shallbe stable to at least 2000°F or the wires shall be separated.
THERMOCOUPLE LOCATIONS
LOCATION DESCRIPTION OF PLACEMENTDOORWAY A thermocouple is located in the interior plane of the door
opening on the door centerline, 4 inches down from thetop.
ROOM Thermocouples are located 4 inches below the ceiling atthe center of the ceiling, the center of each of the fourceiling quadrants and directly over the center of theignition burner.
HOOD EXHAUST DUCT One pair of thermocouples is placed in the duct, 8 ductdiameters downstream of the entrance to the horizontalduct.
The placement of the Quadrant Thermocouples is as shown in the drawing below. All plots anddata tables follow this format.
Project No. 16539-111931 August 26, 2002Contego International, Inc. Page 4
Quad#1
Quad#3
Quad#4
Quad#2 Room Quadrant
ThermocoupleLocations(Plan View)
door
burner
CANOPY AND EXHAUST DUCT
A hood is installed immediately adjacent to the door of the fire room. The bottom of the hood islevel with the top surface of the room. The face dimensions of the hood are 10- by 10-feet, witha depth of 3.5 feet. The hood feeds into a plenum having a 3- by 3-foot cross section and aheight of 3 feet. The exhaust duct connected to the plenum is 24 inches in diameter, horizontal,and has a circular aperture of 16 inches at its entrance.
DUCT GAS VELOCITY
A bi-directional probe is used to measure gas velocity in the duct. The probe consists of a shortstainless steel cylinder 1.75 inches long and 0.875 inches inside diameter, with a solid diaphragmin the center. The pressure taps on either side of the diaphragm support the probe. The axis ofthe probe is along the centerline of the duct, 9 duct diameters downstream from the entrance.The pressure taps are connected to a pressure transducer capable of resolving pressuredifferences of 0.001 inches W.C.
OXYGEN MEASUREMENTS
A stainless steel gas sampling tube is located 10 duct diameters downstream from the entrance tothe duct at the geometric center of the duct ±1/2 inch to obtain a continuously flowing sample fordetermining the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas as a function of time. The oxygencontent of the duct exhaust gas is determined by an oxygen analyzer with a relative accuracy of±2% in the concentration range from 15 to 21% oxygen. The signal from the oxygen analyzer iswithin 5% of its final value within 30 seconds following a step change in the composition of thegas stream flowing past the sampling tube inlet.
Project No. 16539-111931 August 26, 2002Contego International, Inc. Page 5
CARBON MONOXIDE AND CARBON DIOXIDE
The gas sampling system described above is also routed through a dual gas analyzer whichdetermines the concentrations of CO and CO2 in the duct gases. The range of the analyzer is 0 -1% CO and 0 - 10% CO2.
PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDS
Digital color photographs and VHS or 8-mm video taping are both used to record and documentthe test. Care is taken to position the photographic equipment so as to not to interfere with thesmooth flow of air into the test room.
PROCEDURE
SUMMARY OF METHOD
A calibration test is run within 30 days of testing any material as specified in the standard. Allinstrumentation is zeroed, spanned and calibrated prior to testing. The specimen is installed andthe diffusion burner is placed. The collection hood exhaust duct blower is turned on and an initialflow is established. The gas sampling pump is turned on and the flow rate is adjusted. When allinstruments are reading steady state conditions, the computer data acquisition system and videoequipment is started. Ambient data is taken then the burner is ignited at a fuel flow rate that isknown to produce 40 kW of heat output. This level is maintained for five minutes at which timethe fuel flow is increased to the 160 kW level for a 10-minute period. During the burn period, alltemperature, heat release and heat flux data is being recorded every 6 seconds. At the end of the15-minute burn period, the burner is shut off and all instrument readings are stopped. Posttestobservations are made and this concludes the test.
All damage is documented after the test is over, using descriptions, photographs and drawings, asis appropriate.
ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
Currently, there is no acceptance criteria listed in the NFPA 286, either in the mandatory text ofthe document nor within the informational appendices.
Project No. 16539-111931 August 26, 2002Contego International, Inc. Page 6
TEST SPECIMEN
The product was identified as Contego Latex Fire Barrier Intumescent. The product is a thinfilm, water-based lax intumescent paint. The paint was sprayed onto the three walls and theceiling of the test room. Two coats of paint were applied to the walls and the ceiling. Each coatconsisted of wet mil thickness of 11 that dried to a 7-mil thickness for a total thickness of 14mils. The second coat was applied over the first coat when the first coat was dry to the touch. For this test, the first coat was allowed to dry for 24 hours. Testing was performed after thesecond coat had dried for 72 hours.
TEST RESULTS
The test was begun at 10:30 a.m., August 6, 2002. The ambient temperature was 87°F with arelative humidity of 48%. The thermocouples and other instrumentation were positioned inaccordance with the standard and their outputs verified after connection to the data acquisitionsystem. The data acquisition system was started and allowed to collect ambient data prior toigniting the burner and establishing a gas flow equivalent to 40 kW. Events during the test aredescribed below:
TIME(min:sec)
OBSERVATION
0:00 Ignition of 40 kW burner.1:38 Left wall discoloration1:50 Back wall discoloration.2:30 Charring on the back wall, above the burner.5:00 Burner increased to 160 kW output.6:00 Charring at the 6-ft level on the left and back wall.7:55 Discoloration of the ceiling.8:14 Charring on the ceiling above the burner.15:00 End test.
Post Test Observations:
Left Wall: Charring and discoloration directly above the burner area. Back Wall: Charring and discoloration directly above the burner area. Right Wall: No change.Ceiling: Some charring and discoloration directly above the burner area.
Project No. 16539-111931 August 26, 2002Contego International, Inc. Page 7
See photos in the appendix for more detailed evidence.
CONCLUSION
For this test, the net heat release rate was within typical limits of acceptability. Limited SmokeRelease Rate values and the damage to the specimen were not indicative of flame spread outsidethe general area of the ignition source.
Project No. 16539-111931 August 26, 2002Contego International, Inc. APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
DATA
Contego International Inc.Project # 111931 NFPA 286
August 22, 2002Total Smoke Release Data
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time (min.)
TSR (M2)
Contego International Inc.Project # 111931 NFPA 286
August 22, 2002Smoke Release Data
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
Time (min.)
SRR(M2/sec)
Contego International Inc.Project # 111931 NFPA 286
August 22, 2002Floor Heat Flux Data
0.000
0.010
0.020
0.030
0.040
0.050
0.060
0.070
0.080
0.090
0.100
Time (min.)
Heat Flux(kW/m2)
Contego International Inc.Project # 111931 NFPA 286
August 22, 2002Totat Heat Release Data
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time (min.)
THR (MJ)
Contego International Inc.Project # 111931 NFPA 286
August 22, 2002Heat Release Data
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Time (min.)
HRR (kW)
Contego International Inc.Project # 111931 NFPA 286
August 22, 2002Extremity and Doorway Thermocouple Data
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Time (min.)
Room Center(˚F)
Burner TC (˚F)
Doorway TC(˚F)
Contego International Inc.Project # 111931 NFPA 286