Consumer Expenditures Among Wireless Households in the U.S. Brian Meekins, Clyde Tucker, Scott Fricker Bureau of Labor Statistics Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not constitute policy of the Bureau of Labor Statistics
Consumer Expenditures Among Wireless Households in the U.S.
Feb 10, 2016
Consumer Expenditures Among Wireless Households in the U.S. Brian Meekins, Clyde Tucker, Scott Fricker Bureau of Labor Statistics. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not constitute policy of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Background. Cell phone only HH - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Consumer Expenditures Among Wireless
Households in the U.S.Brian Meekins,
Clyde Tucker, Scott Fricker
Bureau of Labor StatisticsAny opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not constitute policy of the Bureau of Labor Statistics
Background Cell phone only HH
Coverage issues for RDD surveys Weighting issues
NHIS estimates on cell only HH and adults in cell only HH
Blumberg, Brick, Keeter, Tucker, etc.
Consumer Expenditure Survey (CEIS) Tucker, Brick, Meekins 2004 http://www.bls.gov/cex/cellphones2007.htm
2
CEIS Data Sponsored by the Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS). Quarterly rotating panel survey of 5,000 to
8,000 per quarter (2,000 new cases). Large, nationally representative,
in-person/telephone Collects expenditure information
Telephone service Cigarettes, alcohol, health insurance
Data from 2000-2009 Cell only = respondent had cell phone bill and
no residential service in a given quarter3
HH Telephone Service
4
2009 Quarter 4 (weighted) n=1,736Landline & Cell 37.0Landline Only 30.0Cell Only 23.3No Phone 9.7
Demographic Composition
5
2009 Combined Weighted Unweightedn=7,050 Cell Only All Others Cell Only All OthersOverall 23.3 76.7 22.5 77.5% Renter 57.8 26.0 58.4 26.2% Male 52.3 46.6 52.7 47.2%Black 14.6 11.2 13.9 10.6%Hispanic 17.3 10.4 18.7 11.2%Under 36 51.7 17.3 50.7 16.5%Over 60 8.3 31.6 8.6 32.3%Central City 37.7 26.5 37.5 27.3%Rural 12.3 20.0 11.4 18.1%Single person HH 33.3 27.8 33.6 27.4Mean Age 38.3 52.5 38.6 52.8
Change in Telephone Use
62000.1
2000.3
2001.1
2001.3
2002.1
2002.3
2003.1
2003.3
2004.1
2004.3
2005.1
2005.3
2006.1
2006.3
2007.1
2007.3
2008.1
2008.3
2009.1
2009.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
BothLandline OnlyCell OnlyNo Phone
Telephone Use by Quarter: 2000.1 - 2009.4
Cell Only Households
72000.1
2000.3
2001.1
2001.3
2002.1
2002.3
2003.1
2003.3
2004.1
2004.3
2005.1
2005.3
2006.1
2006.3
2007.1
2007.3
2008.1
2008.3
2009.1
2009.3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30Cell Only by Quarter: 2000.1 - 2009.4
Cell Only Households
82000.1
2000.3
2001.1
2001.3
2002.1
2002.3
2003.1
2003.3
2004.1
2004.3
2005.1
2005.3
2006.1
2006.3
2007.1
2007.3
2008.1
2008.3
2009.1
2009.3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30Cell Only by Quarter: 2000.1 - 2009.4
Cell Only
Cell Only HH: 2000-2009
9200
3.1200
3.2200
3.3200
3.4200
4.1200
4.2200
4.3200
4.4200
5.1200
5.2200
5.3200
5.4200
6.1200
6.2200
6.3200
6.4200
7.1200
7.2200
7.3200
7.4200
8.1200
8.2200
8.3200
8.4200
9.1200
9.2200
9.3200
9.40
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Mean Age% <= 35%36-45
Age: Cell Only
Cell Only HH: 2000-2009
10200
3.1200
3.2200
3.3200
3.4200
4.1200
4.2200
4.3200
4.4200
5.1200
5.2200
5.3200
5.4200
6.1200
6.2200
6.3200
6.4200
7.1200
7.2200
7.3200
7.4200
8.1200
8.2200
8.3200
8.4200
9.1200
9.2200
9.3200
9.40
10
20
30
40
50
60
70Married KidsKids
Family Type: Cell Only
Cell Only HH: 2000-2009
11200
3.1200
3.2200
3.3200
3.4200
4.1200
4.2200
4.3200
4.4200
5.1200
5.2200
5.3200
5.4200
6.1200
6.2200
6.3200
6.4200
7.1200
7.2200
7.3200
7.4200
8.1200
8.2200
8.3200
8.4200
9.1200
9.2200
9.3200
9.40
10
20
30
40
50
60
70 MaleFemaleSex: Cell Only
Cell Only HH: 2000-2009
12200
3.1200
3.2200
3.3200
3.4200
4.1200
4.2200
4.3200
4.4200
5.1200
5.2200
5.3200
5.4200
6.1200
6.2200
6.3200
6.4200
7.1200
7.2200
7.3200
7.4200
8.1200
8.2200
8.3200
8.4200
9.1200
9.2200
9.3200
9.40
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100OwnsRents
Owns/Rents: Cell Only
Cell Only HH: 2000-2009
13200
3.1200
3.2200
3.3200
3.4200
4.1200
4.2200
4.3200
4.4200
5.1200
5.2200
5.3200
5.4200
6.1200
6.2200
6.3200
6.4200
7.1200
7.2200
7.3200
7.4200
8.1200
8.2200
8.3200
8.4200
9.1200
9.2200
9.3200
9.40
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
NoneChildren in HH: Cell Only
Mean Expenditure
14
Expenditure Category
Weighted
Cell Only(n=5,128)
Other(n=28,665)
Whole Sample
(n=33,793)Total Expenditure 9,768.35 11,753.23 11,440.16Food 1,509.36 1,673.39 1,647.52Food Home 997.39 1,152.54 1,128.07Alcohol 109.05 82.42 86.62Housing 3,402.12 3,960.96 3,872.66Utilities 723.31 890.67 864.27Telephone 279.99 273.46 274.49Furniture 93.55 107.05 104.92Major Appliances 40.03 55.24 52.84
Mean Expenditure
15
Expenditure Category
Weighted
Cell Only(n=5,128)
Other(n=28,665)
Whole Sample
(n=33,793)Small Appliances 12.77 14.23 14.00Apparel 282.45 308.90 304.73Children’s Apparel 21.80 16.48 17.57Transportation 1,864.36 2,112.15 2,073.06Public Trans. 89.78 130.26 123.88Health Care 389.19 736.76 681.94Health Insurance 218.61 421.46 389.46Entertainment 468.26 604.79 583.26Tobacco 99.52 79.02 82.25
Expenditure by Cell Status
16
Controlling for Demographics
Expenditure CategoryLS Means
CoefficientCell Only OtherTotal Expenditure 9,505.31 9,720.98 -215.67Alcohol 35.56 21.85 13.71Utilities 737.14 709.32 27.82†Public Transportation 126.00 144.21 -18.22Health Insurance 308.75 313.76 -5.00*Tobacco 40.40 27.49 12.91*Not statistically sig at p<=.05†Changed direction from bivariate result
Effort by Cell Status
17
Cell Only OtherMean Number of Attempts 3.64 3.43% with Refusal 12.17 11.53% Receiving Letter 93.22 95.30% Telephone completion 31.62 36.65
Data Quality by Cell Status
18
Cell Only OtherMean Interview Time (min) 54.72 61.05% Never/Almost Never Using Records 18.78 22.90
Mean Number of Different Types of Records (if used) 0.72 1.11
% Missing Income 13.91 15.64% Completing IV in Language Other than English 6.65 5.44
Data Quality by Cell Status
19
Telephone CompletionsCell Only(n = 4,859)
Other(n=35,802)
Mean Interview Time (min) 48.83 54.73% Never/Almost Never Using Records 26.89 29.67
Mean Number of Different Types of Records (If Records Used)
0.65 1.00
% Missing Income 19.94 21.76% Completing IV in Language Other than English 3.70 4.77
Expenditure by Cell Status
20
Controlling for Demographics, Process, Methodological Variables
Expenditure CategoryLS Means
CoefficientCell Only OtherTotal Expenditure 10,115.4
010,347.7
0-232.30
Alcohol 38.99 23.72 15.28Utilities 774.03 749.32 24.71†Public Transportation 127.53 147.22 -19.69Health Insurance 316.72 328.77 -12.05*Tobacco 22.69 12.68 10.01*Not statistically sig at p<=.05†Changed direction from bivariate result
Panel Behavior
21
Cell Only(n=3,928)
Other(24,575)
Percentage Completing 4 IVs 56.57 73.66Mean Completed IVs 3.09 3.48Mean Attempts (All Waves) 14.38 13.39Mean Expenditure (All Waves) 10,310.92 12,341.81Mean Ratio Wave 3/Total .245 .242
Panel Behavior
22
Controlling for Demographics, Process, Methodological Variables
Expenditure CategoryLS Means Coefficien
tCell Only OtherMean Completed IVs 2.84 2.96 0.12Mean Attempts (All Waves) 11.57 11.58 -0.01*
Mean Total Expenditure(All Waves) 9,532.27 9,954.7
1 -422.44
Coefficient Exp(b)Odds < 4 Completions 0.215 1.236*Not statistically sig at p<=.05
Conclusions The number of cell-only HHs
continues to increase There is some evidence of a cohort
effect, as well as new entries Cell-only HHs have different
expenditure estimates Controlling for dems and
methodology Cell-only HHs exhibit different
response behavior 23
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