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    The framework of UPSR PEKA.

    LEARNING AREA

    The learning area comprises of two elements.

    Element 1 : SPS (Scientific Process Skills)

    Element 2 : SMS (Scientific Manipulative Skills)

    Element 1 and 2 contain a list of criteria of theskills as the performance indicator which areexpected to be mastered by pupils.

    The Scientific Attitudes and Noble values areimbedded during the assessment of SPS andSMS ad must be observed by teacher/ assessor

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    Science and Teach ing o f Science

    Science and teaching students aboutscience means more than scientific

    knowledge.

    The first of these is the content of science: the

    basic science concepts and our scientific

    knowledge. This is the dimension of science that

    most people first think about, and it is certainlyvery important.

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    Science and Teach ing o f

    Science

    The other two important dimensions of science in

    addition to science knowledge are processes of

    doing science and scientific attitudes.

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    Science and Teach ing o f

    Science

    The science process skills are the skills

    that scientists use in the process of doingscience.

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    Construct Score Criteria Remark

    SPS 1

    Observing

    4

    C1- State the properties of objects

    and situations correctly using

    the five senses

    Suggested activity

    i)Field studyii)Experiment

    Examples

    3/1/1.1/4

    3/1/1.2/1

    3/1/2.1/43/2/6.1/1

    4/1/3.2/1&2

    4/1/3.4/1&2

    4/1/3.5/2&5

    5/1/1.1/3

    6/1/1.1/1-6

    6/1/1.2/1

    (Refer to Curiculum

    Specification)

    C2 State the properties of objects

    and situations using appropriate

    tools to assist senses.

    C3 - State the properties of objects

    and situations honestlyC4 - State the properties of objects

    situations based on the

    sequences occurred.

    3 C1 and C2

    2 C1 or C2

    1 C1 or C2 ( with guidance)

    SPS 1-OBSERVING

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    SPS 1 C1- State the properties of objects and

    situation correctly using the five senses

    QUALITATIVE OBSERVATION.

    Observe objects or events in a variety of ways usingone or more of the senses

    Something that you directly see, hear, smell, taste, ortouch

    To observe an objects means to carefully explore allof its properties such as colour, texture, odor, shape,weight, volume or temperature.

    Examples : Identify properties of an object, i.e.shape, color, size, and texture.

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    SPS 1 C1- State the properties of objects and

    situation correctly using the five senses

    QUALITATIVE OBSERVATION.

    The classroom walls are yellow.

    The classroom floor is shiny.

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    SPS 1 C1- State the properties of objects and

    situation correctly using the five senses

    Quantitative Observation

    Quantitative observations are descriptionsthat are based on measurements or countsand do include numbers. If you count objectsor measure them with standard units, you aremaking quantitative observations.

    Examples:1.There are 28 students in the room.

    2.The blackboard is 1 meter high and 2 meterswide.

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    SPS1 C2 State the properties of objects and

    situations using appropriate tools to assist

    senses

    Use indirect methods, or using appropriatetools to assist senses.

    i.e.: hand lenses, microscopes,thermometers, to observe objects andevents.

    observe objects or events by counting,comparing, estimating and measuring.

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    SPS 1 /C3- State the properties of objects and

    situations honestly

    EXAMPLES

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    SPS 1 /C4- State the properties of object

    situations based on the sequences

    occurred.

    EXAMPLES

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    observations are directlyobservable, while inferences are

    explanations of whats beenobserved.

    The differences between

    Observation and Inferences

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    Examples: Theres an empty aquarium in theclassroom. (observation)

    The tank is 50 cm long, 30 cm wide, and 18 cm deep.(observation)

    The inside of the tank is dry. (observation)

    The tank used to contain live fish. (inference; notdirectly observable)

    The tank is waterproof. (inference)

    The differences between

    Observation and Inferences

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    Examples of Observing

    Pupils observe and visualise themovement of air when human beingsbreathe

    Pupils observe on how human beingsrespond to stimuli

    Pupils make careful observation in order to

    identify the basic needs of human beings,plants and animals from the given picturesor situations.

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    Examples of Accurate and Objective

    Observing and Not Objective Observation

    Sixteen students were in class when the

    bell rang and five students arrived

    afterward. (accurate and objective)

    Half the class was late for class. (not

    accurate)

    The friendliest people were there first. (not

    objective)

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    OBSERVING !!!

    Where is my Peanut?. In this activity, students will record asmuch information about a peanut as possible, including itsappearance, length, and weight. Then the peanut is hidden ina pile and students must use this information to find it.

    Note:Allow students to use instruments such as magnifyinglenses, rulers, and balances to help them with their

    observations. You could extend the activity by having students describe theirpeanut either orally of in writing while other team memberssearch for it. Repeat this activity with other manmade ornatural objects.

    Ask students:

    Which senses did you use to collect information about yourpeanut?

    What tools did you use to help you with your observations?

    What properties did you use to identify your peanut?

    What characteristic was most helpful for identifying your

    peanut?

    http://www.eduref.org/cgi-bin/printlessons.cgi/Virtual/Lessons/Science/Process_Skills/SPS0011.htmlhttp://www.eduref.org/cgi-bin/printlessons.cgi/Virtual/Lessons/Science/Process_Skills/SPS0011.html
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    Construct Score Criteria Remark

    SPS 2

    Classifying

    4

    C1- Grouping objects or events in

    order into categories based on

    common property or criteria

    Suggested activity

    i)Field study

    ii)Experimentiii)Project

    Examples

    3/1/1.1/1

    3/1/1.3/1

    3/1/2.3/13/2/4.1/1

    4/1/2.3/9

    4/3/1.1/1&11

    5/1/2.2/1

    6/1/3.1/2

    5/3/1.1/1

    6/3/1.2/2

    6/3/2.1/1

    (Refer to Curiculum

    Specification)

    C2 State the differences and

    similarities of the physical

    properties or criteria

    C3 - State the common properties or

    criteria used in each step of

    classification

    C4 - Grouping objects or events in

    order into categories based on

    properties or criteria until the

    final step or the higher level.

    3 C1, C2 and C3

    2 C1 and C2

    1 C1 with guidance

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    SPS 2 Classifying

    Grouping similar items together, such as shoes orbooks, is a form ofclassification.

    Classification is the organization of objects bytraits that they have in common.

    Classifications can be general, like separatingyour books from the other objects in your room,or more specific, like separating your textbooksfrom your novels.

    You could go even further, separating text-booksby subject matter, novels by their authors, and soon.

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    SPS 2 CLASSIFYING

    Classifying: organizing objects and events

    into groups according to a system (forexample: the way animals are classified

    using groups such as kingdom, family,

    species, etc.).

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    SPS 2 CLASSIFYING

    Identify properties useful for classifyingobjects.

    Group objects by their properties or

    similarities and differences Construct and use classification systems

    Grouping or ordering objects or events

    according to similarities or differences inproperties

    Lists, tables, or charts are generated.

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    SPS2 C2 State the differences and

    similarities of the physical

    properties or criteria

    Examples :

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    SPS 2 C3 - State the common properties or

    criteria used in each step of

    classification

    Examples :

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    SPS 2 C4 - Grouping objects or events in

    order into categories based on

    properties or criteria until the final

    step or the higher level.

    Examples :

    Construct Score Criteria Remark

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    Construct Score Criteria Remark

    SPS 3

    Measuring and

    Using Numbers

    4

    C1- Use the correct apparatus to

    measure quantities e.g length,

    volume, mass, time ,

    temperature and speed

    Suggested activity

    i)Field study

    ii)Experiment

    iii)Project

    Examples

    4/2/1.1/3-4

    4/2/1.2/3

    4/2/1.4/4&5

    4/2/1.5/3&4

    4/2/1.6/4&5

    5/2/4.1/3

    6/2/2.1/1&2

    (Refer to Curiculum

    Specification)

    C2 Record reading using numbers

    and correct standard unit (SI)

    C3 - Record reading accurately.

    C4 - State the increase and decrease

    in a reading

    3 C1, C2 and C3

    2 C1 and C2

    1 C1 and C2 with guidance

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    SPS 3: MEASURING AND USING NUMBERS

    compare and order objects by length, area,weight, volume, etc.

    measure properties of objects or events byusing standardised units of measure.

    measure volume, mass, weight,temperature, area, length, and time usingappropriate units and appropriate

    measuring instruments.

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    SPS 3: MEASURING AND USING NUMBERS

    Comparing an unknown quantity with a known (metricunits, time, student- generated frames of reference) -Observations are quantified using proper measuringdevices and techniques

    Measurements are to be recorded in an orderly and

    systematic fashion with labeled units of measure. Charts,graphs, or tables can be generated manually or withcomputer software.

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    SPS3 / C1- Use the correct apparatus to measure

    quantities e.g length, volume, mass, time ,

    temperature and speed

    Examples :

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    SPS 3 /C2 Record reading using numbers

    and correct standard unit (SI)

    Examples :

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    SPS 3 / C3 - Record reading accurately.

    Examples :

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    SPS 3 /C4 - State the increase and decrease in

    a reading

    Examples :

    Time ( s ) Water temperature

    ( 0C )

    5 30

    10 32

    15 36

    20 40

    Construct Score Criteria Remark

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    Construct Score Criteria Remark

    SPS 4

    Communicating

    4

    C1- Record data or information from

    an investigation

    Suggested activity

    i)Field study

    ii)Experiment

    iii)Project

    Examples

    5/2/4.1/5

    6/1/1.2/2

    5/3/1.3/1

    4/2/1.2/3

    4/3/1.6/26/4/1.1/3

    (Refer to Curiculum

    Specification)

    C2 Present data or information

    using appropriate drawing, tableor graph

    C3 - Explains ideas (oral written)

    C4 - Write experimental report

    systematically

    ( with or without guidance)

    3 C1, C2 and C3

    2 C1 and C2

    1 C1 with guidance

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    COMMUNICATING

    any type of message that is sent from oneperson(s) to another person(s); these canbe messages sent through talking orwriting.

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    COMMUNICATING

    construct and use written reports, drawings, diagrams,graphs, or charts to transmit information learned from

    science experiments . Using the written and spoken work, graphs,demonstrations, drawings, diagrams, or tables to transmitinformation and ideas to others

    verbally ask questions about, discuss, explain, or report

    observations. after an investigation, report the question tested, theexperimental design used, results, and conclusionsdrawn, using tables and graphs where appropriate.

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    COMMUNICATING TOOLS

    Symbols

    Maps

    Oral descriptions

    Music

    Drawing

    Concept Maps

    Graphs

    Models

    Charts

    Numbers

    Written language

    Body language

    Data Tables

    Codes (eg. Blackmagic)

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    EXAMPLES OF QUESTIONING.

    COMMUNICATING

    Can you draw what the plant looks like?

    What can you say about this object?

    Tell us how you make the bulb lights up? Describe what happens when you add water to it?

    Draw a pie chart by using your data.

    Draw a graph to show the relationship between time andtemperature.

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    BARCHART

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90

    1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

    East

    West

    North

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    ORGANISATION CHART

    A

    B C D

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    PIE CHART

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    DIAGRAM

    A

    B

    C

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    VERBAL DESCRIPTION

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    SYMBOL

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    SPS 4 C1- Record data or information from

    an investigation

    Examples :

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    SPS 4 C2 Present data or information using

    appropriate drawing, table or graph

    Examples :

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    SPS 4 C3 - State the quantity of changes

    based on the rate of changes

    Examples :

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    SPS 4 C4 - Write experimental report

    systematically

    ( with or without guidance)

    Examples :

    Construct Score Criteria Remark

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    SPS 5

    Using Space-

    time

    relationship

    4

    C1- Arrange occurrence of

    phenomenon on events

    chronologically

    Suggested activity

    i)Field study

    ii)Experiment

    iii)Project

    Examples

    5/4/2.1/2

    6/4/1.1/3

    6/4/1.2/2

    5/2/3.1/4

    (Refer to Curiculum

    Specification)

    C2 State the relationship betweenthe distance travelled and the

    time taken.

    C3 - State the quantity of changes

    based on the rate of changes

    C4 - Explain changes in location, size,

    shape and direction, with time

    3 C1, C2 and C3

    2 C1 and C2

    1 C1 and C2 with guidance

    SPS 3 /C4 S h i d d i

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    SPS 3 /C4 - State the increase and decrease in a

    reading

    Describing the location / direction / size / shape /changes of an object at a certain time

    Relationship Explanation

    Location - t ime The dis tance after 3 hoursjourney with speed 15km/h.

    Direct ion t ime The expansion of ink drop on a

    tissue paper after 5 minutes

    Shape t ime The ice cube shape after 1 hourexposed to air..

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    SPACE-TIME RELATIONSHIP

    describe an object's position, i.e., above, below,beside, etc. in relation to other objects

    describe the motion, direction, spatial arrangement,symmetry, and shape of an object compared toanother object.

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    Examples of questioning.

    Space-time relationship

    Where is the ball after a while?

    What happens to the ice after a fewminutes?

    What is the volume of the water after 5minutes?

    What is the direction of the object within tenseconds?

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    SPS 5 C1- Arrange occurrence of phenomenon on

    events chronologically

    Examples :

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    SPS 5 C2 State concepts by describing what

    should be done

    Examples :

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    SPS 5 C3 - State the quantity of changes

    based on the rate of changes

    Examples :

    SPS 5 C4 E l i h i l ti i h

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    SPS 5 C4 - Explain changes in location, size, shape

    and direction, with time

    Examples :

    Construct Score Criteria Remark

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    SPS 6

    Defining

    Operationally

    4

    C1- State concepts by describing

    what should be observed

    Suggested activity

    i)Field study

    ii)Experiment

    iii)Project

    Examples

    4/3/1.5/3

    6/2/1.2/7

    5/3/2.1/1

    6/1/1.2/2

    6/3/1.2/26//5/1.2/2

    (Refer to Curiculum

    Specification)

    C2 State concepts by describing

    what should be done.

    C3 - State variables by describing

    what should be observed

    C4 - State variables by describing

    what should be done.

    3 C1 and C2 or C3 and C4

    2 C1 and C2

    1 C1 or C2 with guidance

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    DEFINING OPERATIONALLY

    state definitions of objects or events in terms of what theobject is doing or what is occurring in the event

    state definitions of objects or events based onobservable characteristics.

    Creating a definition by describing what is done andobserved

    It is in the language of thestudents. Definitions are in context of students' experiences - not

    from the glossary, not to be memorized.

    G O O

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    DEFINING OPERATIONALLY

    OPERATIONAL DEFINITION To help you (or someone else) repeat your experiment under thesame conditions each time, you need to write an operationaldefinition for any key terms that do not have one, clear meaning.The operational definition clarifies vague terms and explains howthe results (dependent variable) will be measured. For example, inHelicopter Happenings, as a class we had to decide what the termbest meant so that everyone was measuring results in thesameway.

    We could define best as the straightest flight path from start tofinish;

    we also could define it as the highest number of complete rotations;it could mean the fastest flight time in seconds from start to finish.

    Stating how we measured the best flight ensures that each labteam measured the results using the same criteria.

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    THE WAY OF QUESTIONING

    DEFINING OPERATIONALLY

    What is a ball?

    What is a complete circuit?

    What did you do to the things to make a completecircuit?

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    SPS 6 C1- State concepts by describing what should

    be observed

    Examples:

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    SPS 6 C2 State concepts by describing what should

    be done

    Examples:

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    SPS 6 C3 - State variables by describing what should

    be observed

    Examples:

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    SPS 6 C4 - State variables by describing what should

    be observed

    Examples:

    Construct Score Criteria Remark

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    SPS 7

    Experimenting

    C1 State a hypothesis

    ( relationship between what to

    change and what to measure)

    Examples

    5/3/2.1/3

    5/2/2.2/6

    5/2/3.1/4

    5/2/4.1/1

    6/2/1.3/8

    6/2/2.1/1

    (Refer Curriculum

    specification)5/3/2.1/3Understanding the

    properties of acidic,

    alkaline and neutral

    substances.

    5/2/2.2/6Understanding a series

    circuit and a parallel circuit

    Compare the brightness of

    the bulbs in a series and a

    parallel circuit.

    C2 State the variables i.e. what to

    change, what to measure andwhat to keep constant in an

    experiment

    C3- Identify the apparatus in an

    experiment

    C4- State the step in an experiment

    ( Oral or written)

    C5- Carry out an experiment to test

    the hypothesis by controlling

    variables in a coordinated

    manner

    C6 Present the result in the form ofdrawing, table, graph or other

    means

    5 C1,C2,C3,C4 and C5

    4 C1,C2,C3 and C4

    3 C1,C2 and C3

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    EXPERIMENTING

    Design an investigation to test a hypothesis

    Conduct simple experiments

    Recognize limitations of methods and tools used inexperiments, i.e., experimental error

    Utilise safe procedures while conducting investigations.

    Designing one's own experiment to test a hypothesis usingprocedures to obtain reliable data .

    All basic and integrated skills to formulate a problem,collect data, and pose a solutionare used.

    Doing a teacher-orchestrated science activity is NOT

    experimenting. Student demonstrates understanding and application of

    scientific method though inquiry, research and self-designof experiment to test a hypothesis.

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    EXPERIMENTING

    1. Identify the Problem.

    2. Form a hypothesis.

    3. Experiment (materials, procedure, what tochange, what to observe/measured, what tokeep the same?

    4. Analyse the data

    5. Draw a conclusion.6. Communicate the results.

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    EXPERIMENTING

    RESEARCH QUESTION

    Scientists design experiments to answer questions or solve

    problems. The research question guides what the

    scientist tests and is answered using data gathered through

    testing. The research question usually states the

    relationship between what is changed and what is observed.

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    EXPERIMENTING

    What can you see on the screen if the source of lightis fully blocked?

    How does the size of the shadow change when the

    distance between the object and light source isincreases ?

    What have you found out from this experiment ?

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    SPS 7 C1 State a hypothesis

    ( relationship between what to change and

    what to measure)

    If I add mass to the base, then the helicopter will dropstraighter because the mass stabilises the helicopter.

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    SPS 7 C1 State a hypothesis

    ( relationship between what to change and

    what to measure)

    You may say, If my car battery is low, my car will notstart." This is your first hypothesis. You may then

    check whether the lights were left on, or if the enginemakes a particular sound when you turn the ignitionkey. You might actually check the voltage across theterminals of the battery. If you discover that the batteryis not low, you might attempt another hypothesis ("The

    starter is broken"; "This is really not my car.")

    SPS 7 C2 State the variables i e what to change

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    SPS 7 C2 State the variables i.e. what to change,

    what to measure and what to keep

    constant in an experiment

    identify the variables:

    what is changed (manipulated variable,

    What is observed /measured (responding) variable,and

    What is kept the same , variables-held-constant in anexperiment.

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    SPS 7 C3- Identify the apparatus in an

    experiment

    EXAMPLES:

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    SPS 7 C4- State the step in an experiment

    ( Oral or written)

    EXAMPLES:

    SPS 7 C5 Carry out an experiment to test the

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    SPS 7 C5- Carry out an experiment to test the

    hypothesis by controlling variables in a

    coordinated manner

    EXAMPLES:

    SPS C6 P h l i h f f

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    SPS 7 C6 Present the result in the form of

    drawing, table, graph or other means

    EXAMPLES:

    EXPERIMENTING

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    EXPERIMENTING

    Understanding that temperature is an indicator ofdegree of hotness. The lesson is about hot andcold. In this lesson, pupils will investigate anddiscover from activities how a substance

    becomes hot or cold and the change intemperature when it gains or loses heat. Pupilsalso carry out activities to measure temperatureof water when it is heated and allow to cool,using a thermometer. In the same time pupils

    also will understand and learn how to usethermometer and use it to measure in a correctway.

    EXPERIMENTING

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    EXPERIMENTING

    We are going to apply measuring and usingnumber as a main skill in this activity. In thisactivity pupils plays major role that is theirinvolvement are about 95% and teacher become

    a facilitator. Where teachers role is as a guideand not as demonstrator . The teacher have togive the instructions clearly before the pupilscarry on with their activity. Beside thaninvestigating the measuring and using the

    number skills, we also can investigate how thepupils using the manipulative skills in group to dothe activities.

    EXPERIMENTING

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    EXPERIMENTING

    Apparatus :

    Torch light, screen, ball, ruler

    EXPERIMENTING

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    EXPERIMENTING

    1) Questions: How to change the size of ashadow?

    2) Hypothesis :________________________

    ________________________

    3) The aim of the investigation ?

    3) Variables :

    What to change ?

    What to observe/measured ?What to keep the same?

    4) Apparatus and materials needed for thisinvestigation ?

    EXPERIMENTING

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    EXPERIMENTING

    In this lesson people will learn about the light travels in a straight line.When an opaque object is placed across a beam of light, a dark spotis formed behind the object. The dark spot is called a shadow. Theshape of the shadow depends on the shape of the object that blocksthe light.

    The changes in the size of a shadow can be done by two ways; first,

    by verifying the distance between an object and its light source;second, by verifying the distance between an object and the screen.The shape of a shadow changes according to the position of the lightsource and the position of the object.

    We can ensure the phenomenon through an experiment. Pupils will dothe experiment while the teacher will be a facilitator.

    Therefore, under this skills pupil will able to perceive a think of thingsand experience in the surrounding and use reasoning power toanalyze and interpret the concept. This learning ability will enable apupil to acquire knowledge.

    EXPERIMENTING

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    EXPERIMENTING

    Procedure :First, teacher will show the model to the pupils. Pupils

    will set the apparatus as shown.

    Stand the object 5cm from the screen.

    Put the touch 10cm from the object.

    Shine the light source on the object to form a shadow onthe screen.

    Mark the position of the light source.

    Repeat step from 1 to 4 by changing the distant betweenthe light source and the object as shown in the tablebelow.

    Record your observation.

    EXPERIMENTING

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    EXPERIMENTING

    Distancesbetween the

    object and the

    light source (cm)

    Sizes of shadowon the screen

    10

    15

    20

    25

    EXPERIMENTING

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    EXPERIMENTING

    What can you see on the screen if the source of light isfully blocked?

    ------------------------------------------------------------------

    2. How does the size of the shadow change when the

    distance between the object and light source is increases?

    ------------------------------------------------------------------

    3. What have you found out from this experiment ?

    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

    EXPERIMENTING

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    EXPERIMENTING

    1) Questions: How a substance becomes hot orcold

    2) Hypothesis :_________________________

    3) The aim of the investigation ?

    3) Variables :

    What to change ?

    What to observe/measured ?

    What to keep the same?4) Apparatus and materials needed for thisinvestigation ?

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    HYPOTHESIS

    If I add mass to the base, then the helicopter will dropstraighter because the mass stabilizes the helicopter.

    If the wings of the helicopter are shorter, then the flighttime will decrease.

    EXPERIMENTING

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    EXPERIMENTING

    Apparatus for the activity

    Two beakers ( 250 ml )

    Stopwatch Thermometer

    Retort stand and clamp

    Measuring cylinder

    EXPERIMENTING

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    EXPERIMENTING

    Procedures for the activity

    1. Set up the apparatus as shown.

    2. Put the ice cubes into the beaker until three-quarter full.

    3. Measure the temperature.

    4. Pour 50 ml of hot water into the beaker and stopwatch.

    5. Measure the temperature every minute for 5 minutes.6. Record the observations in the table.

    7. Pour hot water into the second beaker until it is half full.

    8. Measure the temperature.

    9. Add five ice cubes into the water and start the stopwatch.10. Measure the temperature every minute for 5 minutes.

    11. Record your observations in the table.

    EXPERIMENTING

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    EXPERIMENTING

    Time( min )

    0 1 2 3 4 5

    Temperature when

    hot water is added( o C)

    Temperatures when

    ice is added ( o C )

    SAFETY NOTE

    BE CAREFUL WHEN HANDLING HOT WATER.

    DO NOT USE BOLING WATER.

    Conclusion

    http://images.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bath.ac.uk/internal/bio-sci/Images/image25.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.bath.ac.uk/internal/bio-sci/bbsafe/lab3_3.htm&h=445&w=445&sz=5&hl=en&start=53&tbnid=6bI-0S7lTHu2_M:&tbnh=127&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpictures%2Bof%2Bsafety%2Bsymbols%26start%3D40%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN
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    Conclusion

    A conclusion is a summary of an experiment. Someone whoreads only the conclusion section of your report should

    be able to understand what your experiment was about. The

    summary should give your results, describe what those

    findings mean, and suggest new questions that should be

    investigated. A good conclusion can be written byanswering six questions:

    1. What was the purpose of the experiment?

    2. What were the major findings?

    3. Was your hypothesis supported or not supported by the

    data? Or were your results inconclusive?

    4. How did your findings compare with the results of others in your

    class, or with information in your textbook?

    5. What possible explanations can you give for your results?

    Construct Score Criteria Remark

    ELEMENT 2 SCIENTIFIC MANIPULATIVE SKILLS

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    SMS 1

    Use and handle

    science

    apparatus and

    substances

    4

    C1- Use at least 5 apparatus

    correctly and carefully

    Example

    Use ruler, hand lens,

    measuring cyclinder,

    microscope,

    thermometer, bunsen

    burner , stop watch,

    test tube, stethoscope

    and retort stand.

    Note

    SPS and SMS can be

    carried together

    C2 Handle the apparatus and

    substances correctly and

    carefully

    C3 - Set up the apparatus or prepare

    the substances in an orderly

    manner

    C4 - Carry out the experiment

    following the correct procedures

    3 C1, C2 and C3

    2 C1 and C2

    1 C1 with guidance

    Handle specimens correctly and

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    p y

    carefully

    Plant - do the observation in the field- return the specimens to the field

    - dont throw the specimens into the dustbin

    - do not handle poisonous plants

    Animal - observe life insect in closed petri dishes

    - release the insect in nature after the activity

    To ensure safety

    - before starting work, cover all wounds- hands must be thoroughly washed with soap at

    least

    - if bitten treat the wound with antiseptic

    Construct Score Criteria Remark

    ELEMENT 2 SCIENTIFIC MANIPULATIVE SKILLS

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    SMS 2

    Handle living

    and non-living

    thing

    specimens

    4

    C1- Handle living specimens

    correctly and carefully

    Example

    Living specimen

    i) Young plants

    ii) Insects

    Non-living specimen

    i) Stick

    ii) Water

    iii) Stone

    iv) Soil

    C2 Handle non-living things

    specimens correctly and

    carefully

    C3 - Caring for living specimens

    C4 - Use non-living specimenswithout waste

    3 C1, C2 and either C3 or C4

    2 C1 and C2

    1 C1 or C2 with guidance

    Construct Score Criteria Remark

    ELEMENT 2 SCIENTIFIC MANIPULATIVE SKILLS

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    Construct Score Criteria Remark

    SMS 3

    Draw specimen,

    apparatus andsubstances

    4

    C1- Draw neatly

    C2 Label drawings correctly

    C3 - Draw what is observed

    C4 - Draw using correct scales

    3 C1, C2 and C3

    2 C1 and C2

    1 C1 with guidance

    Construct Score Criteria Remark

    ELEMENT 2 SCIENTIFIC MANIPULATIVE SKILLS

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    Construct Score Criteria Remark

    SMS 4

    Clean apparatus

    4

    C1- Clean apparatus using the

    correct method

    Assessed after

    carrying out an

    experiment (fair test)

    Holistic and

    continuous

    assessment

    Holistic =dealing with ortreating the whole of

    something or someone and

    not just some parts

    C2 Dispose waste using the correct

    method

    C3 - Clean apparatus (frequently)

    3 C1 and C2

    Clean apparatus (sometimes)

    2 C1 and C2

    Clean apparatus( rearly)

    1 C1 and C2 with guidance

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    CLEANING SCIENCE

    APPARATUS

    Clean glassware using cleansing detergent, rinse with

    water and then dry them up. For drying, let the glassware stand or hang on drying

    boards or racks.

    After using any instruments make sure clean them

    before storing.

    Construct Score Criteria Remark

    ELEMENT 2 SCIENTIFIC MANIPULATIVE SKILLS

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    Construct Score Criteria Remark

    SMS 5

    Store apparatus

    and substances 4

    C1- Store apparatus and substances

    correctly and safety

    Assessed after

    carrying out an

    experiment (fair test)

    Holistic and

    continuous

    assessment

    Holistic =dealing with ortreating the whole of

    something or someone and

    not just some parts

    C2 Store apparatus and substances

    correctly and safely ,(frequently

    3 C1

    and Store apparatus and substances

    (sometimes)

    2 C1

    and Store apparatus and substances

    (rarely)

    1 C1 with guidance

    Storing science apparatus andmaterials

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    materials

    Large equipment and larger chemical containers

    should be stored on lower shelves only,

    Substances should be stored at the correct

    temperature,

    Do not place hazardous materials in unstable

    containers or in an apparatus that is not properly

    secured,

    Poisons should be kept locked in cabinet,

    Store all active chemicals in dark container, Acids and corrosives should be stored in a non-metal

    and vented cabinet

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