MOMRA Bridges Construction Specifications i TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
......................................................................................
I SECTION 1. ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITION OF TERMS ...............
1 1.1. GENERAL
.............................................................................................................................
1 1.2. ABBREVIATIONS
...............................................................................................................
1 1.3. TERMS
..................................................................................................................................
2 1.3.1. Acceptance Plan
................................................................................................................
2 1.3.2. Acceptable Quality Level AQL
........................................................................................
2 1.3.3. Acceptance Program
.........................................................................................................
2 1.3.4. Additive
.............................................................................................................................
2 1.3.5. Addendum
.........................................................................................................................
2 1.3.6. Advertisement for Bids or Notice to Contractors
............................................................. 2
1.3.7. Article
...............................................................................................................................
2 1.3.8. Award
................................................................................................................................
2 1.3.9. Backfill
..............................................................................................................................
2 1.3.10. Back Slope
......................................................................................................................
3 1.3.11. Bid
...................................................................................................................................
3 1.3.12. Bidder
..............................................................................................................................
3 1.3.13. Binder Layer
...................................................................................................................
3 1.3.14. Bill of Quantities
.............................................................................................................
3 1.3.15. Bridge
..............................................................................................................................
3 1.3.16. Bridge Length
.................................................................................................................
3 1.3.17. Bridge Roadway Width
...................................................................................................
3 1.3.18. Boulder
............................................................................................................................
3 1.3.19. Calendar Day
..................................................................................................................
3 1.3.20. Calibrate
..........................................................................................................................
3 1.3.21. Camber
............................................................................................................................
4 1.3.22. Centerline
........................................................................................................................
4 1.3.23. Certificate of Guarantee
..................................................................................................
4 1.3.24. Compaction
.....................................................................................................................
4 1.3.25. Construction Joint
...........................................................................................................
4 1.3.26. Consecutive Days
............................................................................................................
4 1.3.27. Contract and Contract Documents
..................................................................................
4 1.3.28. Contract Bid Price
...........................................................................................................
4 1.3.29. Contract Bonds
................................................................................................................
4 1.3.30. Contract Item ( Item of Work)
.......................................................................................
4 1.3.31. Contract Time
.................................................................................................................
5 1.3.32. Contractor
.......................................................................................................................
5 1.3.33. Contract Payment Bond
..................................................................................................
5 1.3.34. Contract Performance Bond
............................................................................................
5 1.3.35. Contract Sum or Contract Amount
.................................................................................
5 1.3.36. Country
...........................................................................................................................
5 1.3.37.
Culvert.............................................................................................................................
5 1.3.38. Date
.................................................................................................................................
5 Bridges Construction Specifications MOMRA ii 1.3.39. Deck
...............................................................................................................................
5 1.3.40. Density
...........................................................................................................................
5 1.3.41. Design Mix
.....................................................................................................................
5 1.3.42. Design Load
...................................................................................................................
5 1.3.43. Detour
.............................................................................................................................
6 1.3.44. Directive
.........................................................................................................................
6 1.3.45. Dowel
.............................................................................................................................
6 1.3.46. Drawings
........................................................................................................................
6 1.3.47. Elevation
.........................................................................................................................
6 1.3.48. Engineer
.........................................................................................................................
6 1.3.49. Equipment
......................................................................................................................
6 1.3.50. Existing
...........................................................................................................................
6 1.3.51. Expansion Joint
..............................................................................................................
6 1.3.52. Extra Work
.....................................................................................................................
6 1.3.53. Extra Work Order
...........................................................................................................
6 1.3.54. Faulting
...........................................................................................................................
6 1.3.55. Force Account Work
......................................................................................................
7 1.3.56. General Specifications
....................................................................................................
7 1.3.57.
Grout...............................................................................................................................
7 1.3.58. Guarantor
........................................................................................................................
7 1.3.59. Holiday
...........................................................................................................................
7 1.3.60. Headwall
.........................................................................................................................
7 1.3.61. Inspector
.........................................................................................................................
7 1.3.62. Item of Work
..................................................................................................................
7 1.3.63. Job-Mix job-mix formula, design-mix
.........................................................................
7 1.3.64. Joint
................................................................................................................................
7 1.3.65. Kingdom
.........................................................................................................................
7 1.3.66. Laboratory
......................................................................................................................
7 1.3.67. Legal Holidays
...............................................................................................................
7 1.3.68. Leveling Course
.............................................................................................................
8 1.3.69. Load Transfer Device
.....................................................................................................
8 1.3.70. Longitudinal Joint
..........................................................................................................
8 1.3.71. Lot
..................................................................................................................................
8 1.3.72. Major Item
......................................................................................................................
8 1.3.73. Materials
.........................................................................................................................
8 1.3.74. Ministry
..........................................................................................................................
8 1.3.75. Municipality Amanah
...................................................................................................
8 1.3.76. Municipality of province Baladiah
...............................................................................
8 1.3.77. Minor Concrete
..............................................................................................................
8 1.3.78. Moisture Content
............................................................................................................
8 1.3.79. Original Ground
.............................................................................................................
8 1.3.80. Performance Guarantee
..................................................................................................
8 1.3.81. Period of
Maintenance....................................................................................................
9 1.3.82. Plans
...............................................................................................................................
9 1.3.83. Price Breakdown
............................................................................................................
9 1.3.84. Preconstruction Conference
...........................................................................................
9 1.3.85. Program of Work
............................................................................................................
9 1.3.86. Process-Verbal
...............................................................................................................
9 1.3.87. Professional Engineer
.....................................................................................................
9 1.3.88. Provisional Handover
.....................................................................................................
9 1.3.89. Proposal
..........................................................................................................................
9 1.3.90. Proposal Form
................................................................................................................
9 1.3.91. Quality Assurance
........................................................................................................
10 1.3.92. Quality Assurance Procedures
......................................................................................
10 1.3.93. Quality Control
.............................................................................................................
10 MOMRA Bridges Construction Specifications iii 1.3.94. Quality
Index
................................................................................................................
10 1.3.95. Questionnaire
................................................................................................................
10 1.3.96. Random
.........................................................................................................................
10 1.3.97. Rural council
.................................................................................................................
10 1.3.98. Rejectable Quality Level RQL
....................................................................................
10 1.3.99. Reinforcement
...............................................................................................................
10 1.3.100. Reprocessing
...............................................................................................................
10 1.3.101. Resurfacing
.................................................................................................................
10 1.3.102. Right-of-Way
..............................................................................................................
11 1.3.103. Riprap
..........................................................................................................................
11 1.3.104. Shop Drawings
............................................................................................................
11 1.3.105. Sidewalk
......................................................................................................................
11 1.3.106. Site
..............................................................................................................................
11 1.3.107. Site Engineer
...............................................................................................................
11 1.3.108. Skew Angle
.................................................................................................................
11 1.3.109. Specifications
..............................................................................................................
11 1.3.110. Special Specifications
.................................................................................................
11 1.3.111. Specified Completion Date
.........................................................................................
11 1.3.112. Standard Drawings
......................................................................................................
11 1.3.113. Standard Specifications
...............................................................................................
11 1.3.114. Subcontractor
..............................................................................................................
11 1.3.115. Substructure
................................................................................................................
12 1.3.116. Superintendent
............................................................................................................
12 1.3.117. Superstructure
.............................................................................................................
12 1.3.118. Superelevation
.............................................................................................................
12 1.3.119. Supplemental Agreement
............................................................................................
12 1.3.120. Supplemental Specification
.........................................................................................
12 1.3.121. Surety
..........................................................................................................................
12 1.3.122. Temporary Structure
...................................................................................................
12 1.3.123. Tender
.........................................................................................................................
12 1.3.124. Tender Documents
......................................................................................................
12 1.3.125. Tender Guarantee
........................................................................................................
12 1.3.126. Tenderer
......................................................................................................................
12 1.3.127. Traffic Lane
................................................................................................................
13 1.3.128. Visual Inspection
........................................................................................................
13 1.3.129. Water-Cement Ratio
...................................................................................................
13 1.3.130. Weephole
....................................................................................................................
13 1.3.131. Work The Work
........................................................................................................
13 1.3.132. Working Day
...............................................................................................................
13 1.3.133. Working Drawings
......................................................................................................
13 1.4. REFERENCES
....................................................................................................................
14 SECTION 2. INSTRUCTIONS TO BIDDERS
............................................... 15 2.1. PROPOSAL
REQUIREMENTS AND CONDITIONS
................................................... 15 2.1.1.
Notice to Contractors Advertisement
............................................................................
15 2.1.2. Language of bid
..............................................................................................................
15 2.1.3. Competition documents
..................................................................................................
15 2.1.3.1. Competition documents
include................................................................................
15 2.2. CONTRACT RATES
.........................................................................................................
16 2.2.1. PRELIMINARY GUARANTEE
....................................................................................
16 Bridges Construction Specifications MOMRA iv 2.2.2. Final
Guarantee
..............................................................................................................
16 2.3. INTERPRETATION OF QUANTITIES IN BID SCHEDULE
..................................... 17 2.4. EXAMINATION OF PLANS,
SPECIFICATIONS, SPECIAL PROVISIONS, AND SITE OF WORK
.......................................................................................................
17 2.5. PREPARATION OF PROPOSAL
...................................................................................
17 2.5.1. Proposal Form
................................................................................................................
17 2.5.2. Signing
...........................................................................................................................
17 2.6. WITHDRAWAL OR REVISION OF PROPOSALS
..................................................... 18 2.7.
PUBLIC OPENING OF PROPOSALS
............................................................................
18 2.8. MATERIAL
GUARANTEE..............................................................................................
18 2.9. BID SUBMISSION
MANNER:.........................................................................................
18 2.10. REFERENCES
.................................................................................................................
20 SECTION 3. GENERAL RULES
.....................................................................
21 3.1. INTRODUCTION
..............................................................................................................
21 3.2. WORK SCOPE AND DOCUMENTS
..............................................................................
21 3.2.1. Contract Purpose
............................................................................................................
21 3.2.2. Contract Documents
.......................................................................................................
21 3.2.3. Contract Language
.........................................................................................................
22 3.2.4. Additional Drawings
......................................................................................................
22 3.2.5. Special Work
..................................................................................................................
22 3.2.6. Non-Estimated Items
......................................................................................................
23 3.2.7. Addition, Omission, and Modification in Work Items
................................................... 23 3.2.8.
Introduction of New Items to the Project
.......................................................................
23 3.2.9. Modification Claims and Disputes
.................................................................................
24 3.2.10. Removal and Disposal of Structures and Obstructions
................................................ 24 3.2.11. Power
& Water Supply
.................................................................................................
24 3.2.12. Coordination between Works
.......................................................................................
24 3.2.13. Site Evacuation and Cleaning After Work Completion
............................................... 24 3.2.14.
Construction & Execution Record Books
....................................................................
25 3.2.15. Workshop Drawings
.....................................................................................................
25 3.3. LEGAL RELATIONS AND RESPONSIBILITY TOWARDS THE PUBLIC
............ 25 3.3.1. Law Abidance
................................................................................................................
25 3.3.2. Authorizations, Licenses, and Charges
..........................................................................
25 3.3.3. Patent Right and Ownership
...........................................................................................
25 3.3.4. Relations between Contractor and His Employees and
Employees of His Subcontractor
..................................................................................................................
26 3.3.5. Insurance
........................................................................................................................
26 3.3.6. Monuments and Fossils etc
............................................................................................
26 3.3.7. Alcoholic Drinks, Drugs, Weapons, Ammunition, and Keeping
Order ......................... 26 3.3.8. Property Preservation
.....................................................................................................
26 3.3.9. Contractor's Responsibility for Work
.............................................................................
27 3.3.10. Personal Responsibility of Government Officials
........................................................ 27 3.3.11.
Preservation of Environment
........................................................................................
27 3.3.12. Dangerous Wastes
........................................................................................................
27 3.3.13. Using Explosives
..........................................................................................................
28 MOMRA Bridges Construction Specifications v 3.3.14. Losses on
Persons and Properties
.................................................................................
28 3.3.15. Traffic Control at Work Site
.........................................................................................
28 3.3.16. Safety Precautions at Project Site
.................................................................................
29 3.3.17. Guiding and Lighting
....................................................................................................
29 3.4. SUPERVISION ON THE WORKS
...................................................................................
29 3.4.1. Supervision Staff
.............................................................................................................
29 3.4.2. Supervision Staff Duties
.................................................................................................
29 3.4.3. Supervision Staff Authorities
..........................................................................................
30 3.4.4. Supervision Staff Facilities
.............................................................................................
30 3.4.5. Laboratory, Measuring and Testing Systems and Equipments
....................................... 30 3.4.5.1. Measuring
Equipments
.............................................................................................
30 3.4.5.2. Sampling, Samples Storing and Testing Systems and
Equipments .......................... 31 3.4.6. Client Commitments
.......................................................................................................
31 3.5. EXECUTION CONDITIONS AND WORK PROGRESS:
............................................ 31 3.5.1. Work Site
Inspection
.......................................................................................................
31 3.5.2. Work Site Handing in
.....................................................................................................
31 3.5.3. Contractor Commitments
................................................................................................
32 3.5.4. Work Site Planning
.........................................................................................................
32 3.5.5. Compliance With drawings and Specifications
.............................................................. 32
3.5.6. Coordination with Public Utilities & Structures
Authorities .......................................... 32 3.5.7.
Signs
................................................................................................................................
32 3.5.8. Contractor's Technical Staff
............................................................................................
33 3.5.9. Penalty for Absence of Contractor Technical Staff
........................................................ 33 3.5.10.
Work Program and Time Schedule
...............................................................................
33 3.5.11. Construction Equipments
..............................................................................................
33 3.5.12. Pre-Construction Meeting
.............................................................................................
34 3.5.13. Subcontracts
..................................................................................................................
34 3.5.14. Night Work
...................................................................................................................
34 3.5.15. Unusual Traffic
.............................................................................................................
34 3.5.16. Temporary Work Halting
..............................................................................................
35 3.5.17. Defects and Failure
.......................................................................................................
35 3.5.18. Work Withdrawal
..........................................................................................................
35 3.5.19. Assigning Withdrawn Works to another Contractor
..................................................... 36 3.5.20.
Contract Period
.............................................................................................................
36 3.5.21. Delay Penalty
................................................................................................................
36 3.5.22. As-Built Drawings:
.......................................................................................................
37 3.5.23. Ending Contractor's Responsibility:
..............................................................................
37 3.6. CONTROL AND ACCEPTANCE OF MATERIALS AND WORKS
........................... 37 3.6.1. Materials and Works Control
Procedures
.......................................................................
37 3.6.2. Material Sources
.............................................................................................................
38 3.6.3. Material Transportation and Storing
...............................................................................
39 3.6.4. Work Inspection before Covering
...................................................................................
39 3.7. MEASURMENT AND PAYMENT
...................................................................................
40 3.7.1. Work Measuring
.............................................................................................................
40 3.7.2. Payment Scope
................................................................................................................
40 3.7.3. Compensation for Modified Quantities
...........................................................................
40 3.7.4. Additional Work and Work According to Calculating
Manpower ................................. 40 3.7.5. Unauthorized
Work
.........................................................................................................
41 3.7.6. Lump Sum
.......................................................................................................................
41 3.7.7. Fixtures and Accessories
.................................................................................................
41 3.7.8. Payments
.........................................................................................................................
41 3.7.8.1. Current Payment
.......................................................................................................
41 3.7.8.2. Final Payment
...........................................................................................................
41 Bridges Construction Specifications MOMRA vi 3.8. WORK HANDING
OVER
................................................................................................
42 3.8.1. Preliminary Handing Over
.............................................................................................
42 3.8.2. Final Handing Over
........................................................................................................
43 3.9. REFERENCES
...................................................................................................................
44 SECTION 4. STRUCTURAL EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL ................
45 4.1. DESCRIPTION
..................................................................................................................
45 4.1.1. General
...........................................................................................................................
45 4.1.2. Classification
..................................................................................................................
45 4.1.2.1. Unclassified Excavation
...........................................................................................
45 4.1.2.2. Unclassified Structural Excavation
..........................................................................
46 4.1.2.3. Common Substructural Excavation
..........................................................................
46 4.1.2.4. Substructural Rock Excavation
................................................................................
46 4.1.2.5. Unclassified Backfill, Select Backfill, and Granular
Backfill .................................. 46 4.1.2.6. Controlled
Low-Strength Material (CLSM) Backfill
............................................... 46 4.2. WORKING
DRAWINGS
..................................................................................................
46 4.3. EXCAVATION
...................................................................................................................
47 4.3.1. Inspection
.......................................................................................................................
47 4.3.1.1. General
.....................................................................................................................
47 4.3.1.2. Approval
...................................................................................................................
47 4.3.1.3. Change in Foundation
Elevations.............................................................................
47 4.3.1.4. Drilling or Probing
...................................................................................................
47 4.3.2. Depth and Size of Excavation
........................................................................................
48 4.3.3. Foundation Preparation and Control of Water
............................................................... 48
4.3.3.1. General
.....................................................................................................................
48 4.3.3.2. Excavation within Channels
.....................................................................................
48 4.3.4. Foundations on Rock
......................................................................................................
49 4.3.5. Foundations not on Rock
................................................................................................
49 4.3.6. Pile Excavation
...............................................................................................................
50 4.3.7. Tunnel Excavation
..........................................................................................................
50 4.3.8. Approval
.........................................................................................................................
50 4.3.9. Permits and Licenses
......................................................................................................
50 4.4. BACKFILLING
..................................................................................................................
51 4.4.1. General
...........................................................................................................................
51 4.4.2. Materials
.........................................................................................................................
52 4.4.2.1. Controlled Low-Strength Material (CLSM)
............................................................. 52 1.
General
.................................................................................................................
52 2. Mix Design
..........................................................................................................
52 3. Sampling and Testing
..........................................................................................
53 a. Flow Test
........................................................................................................
53 b. Unit weight
.....................................................................................................
53 c. Strength Test
...................................................................................................
53 4.4.3. Foundation Preparation
..................................................................................................
53 4.4.4. Preservation of Stream Banks and Channel
...................................................................
53 4.4.5. Disposal of Surplus and Unsuitable Material
.................................................................
54 4.5. MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
...............................................................................
54 4.5.1. Measurement
..................................................................................................................
54 4.5.1.1. General
.....................................................................................................................
54 MOMRA Bridges Construction Specifications vii 4.5.1.2.
Excavation for Substructures Supported by Piles
..................................................... 54 4.5.1.3.
Excavation for Substructures Supported on Natural Foundation
Materials .............. 54 4.5.1.4. Excavation for Box and Pipe
Culverts
......................................................................
55 1. Box Culverts
.........................................................................................................
55 2. Pipe Culverts
........................................................................................................
55 4.5.1.5. Excavation for Tunnels
.............................................................................................
55 4.5.1.6. Excavation for Bracing
.............................................................................................
55 4.5.1.7. Backfilling
................................................................................................................
55 4.5.1.8. Special Conditions
....................................................................................................
55 4.5.2.
Payment...........................................................................................................................
55 4.6. REFERENCES
....................................................................................................................
58 SECTION 5. REMOVAL OF EXISTING STRUCTURES
........................... 59 5.1. DESCRIPTION
...................................................................................................................
59 5.2. WORKING DRAWINGS
...................................................................................................
59 5.3. CONSTRUCTION
..............................................................................................................
59 5.3.1. General
............................................................................................................................
59 5.3.2. Partial Removal of Structures
.........................................................................................
60 5.3.3. Demolition
......................................................................................................................
60 5.3.4. Removal of Bridges, Culverts and other Existing
Structures ......................................... 60 5.3.5.
Removal of Sewer Pipe
...................................................................................................
61 5.3.6. Removal of Pavement, Sidewalks, Curbs, Etc
................................................................ 61
5.3.7. Salvage
............................................................................................................................
61 5.3.8. Abandoned Structures
.....................................................................................................
62 5.3.9. Disposal of Abandoned Materials
...................................................................................
62 5.4. MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
................................................................................
62 5.5. REFERENCES
....................................................................................................................
64 SECTION 6. TEMPORARY STRUCTURES
................................................. 65 6.1. GENERAL
...........................................................................................................................
65 6.1.1. Description
......................................................................................................................
65 6.1.2. Working Drawings
..........................................................................................................
65 6.1.2.1. General
......................................................................................................................
65 6.1.2.2. Submission Sets
........................................................................................................
65 6.1.2.3. Design Details
...........................................................................................................
65 6.1.2.4. Foundation
Loads......................................................................................................
66 6.1.2.5. Materials Specifications
............................................................................................
66 6.1.2.6. Concrete Placement
..................................................................................................
66 6.1.2.7. Settlements
................................................................................................................
66 6.1.2.8. Traffic
.......................................................................................................................
66 6.1.3. Requirements
..................................................................................................................
66 6.2. FORMS AND FALSEWORK
............................................................................................
67 6.2.1. Falsework Materials
........................................................................................................
67 6.2.1.1. General
......................................................................................................................
67 Bridges Construction Specifications MOMRA viii 6.2.1.2. Salvaged
Steel
..........................................................................................................
67 6.2.1.3. Timber
......................................................................................................................
67 6.2.1.4. Used lumber
.............................................................................................................
67 6.2.1.5. Manufactured components
.......................................................................................
67 6.2.2. Forms Materials
..............................................................................................................
68 6.2.2.1. General
.....................................................................................................................
68 6.2.2.2. Sheathing
..................................................................................................................
68 6.2.2.3. Structural Support
....................................................................................................
68 6.2.2.4. Prefabricated Formwork
...........................................................................................
68 6.2.2.5. Stay-in-Place Steel Deck Forms
...............................................................................
68 6.2.2.6. Stay-in-Place Prestressed Concrete Deck Forms
..................................................... 69 6.2.3.
Falsework Design and Construction
...............................................................................
69 6.2.3.1. Design Loads
............................................................................................................
69 1. Vertical loads:
......................................................................................................
69 2. Horizontal loads
...................................................................................................
69 a. Wind Load
......................................................................................................
69 b. Stream flow
.....................................................................................................
70 c. Lateral fluid pressure
......................................................................................
70 d. Minimum Horizontal Load
.............................................................................
71 3. Load Combinations
..............................................................................................
71 4. Slenderness
..........................................................................................................
71 6.2.3.2. Allowable Design Stresses
.......................................................................................
71 1. Timber
..................................................................................................................
72 2. Steel
.....................................................................................................................
72 3. Other requirements
..............................................................................................
73 4. Manufactured Assemblies
....................................................................................
73 6.2.3.3. Foundation
................................................................................................................
73 6.2.3.4. Deflection
.................................................................................................................
74 6.2.3.5. Clearance
..................................................................................................................
74 6.2.3.6. Construction
.............................................................................................................
74 1. Falsework Over or Adjacent to Roadways and Railroads
................................... 75 2. Falsework for Steel
Structures
.............................................................................
76 6.2.4. Formwork Design and Construction
..............................................................................
76 6.2.4.1. General
.....................................................................................................................
76 6.2.4.2. Design
......................................................................................................................
77 6.2.4.3. Construction
.............................................................................................................
77 6.2.4.4. Tube Forms
..............................................................................................................
77 6.2.4.5. Stay-in-Place Forms
.................................................................................................
78 6.2.5. Removal of Falsework and Forms
..................................................................................
78 6.2.5.1. General
.....................................................................................................................
78 6.2.5.2. Time of Removal
......................................................................................................
79 6.2.5.3. Extent of Removal
....................................................................................................
79 6.3. COFFERDAMS AND SHORING
....................................................................................
80 6.3.1. General
...........................................................................................................................
80 6.3.2. Protection of Concrete
....................................................................................................
80 6.3.3. Removal
.........................................................................................................................
81 6.4. TEMPORARY WATER CONTROL SYSTEMS
........................................................... 81
6.4.1. General
...........................................................................................................................
81 6.4.2. Working drawings
..........................................................................................................
81 6.4.3. Operation
........................................................................................................................
81 6.5. TEMPORARY BRIDGES
.................................................................................................
81 6.5.1. General
...........................................................................................................................
81 6.5.2. Detour Bridges
...............................................................................................................
81 MOMRA Bridges Construction Specifications ix 6.5.3. Haul Bridges
...................................................................................................................
82 6.5.4. Maintenance
....................................................................................................................
82 6.6. MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
................................................................................
82 6.7. REFERENCES
....................................................................................................................
84 SECTION 7. PILING AND DRILLED SHAFTS CONSTRUCTION ......... 85
7.1. DESCRIPTION
...................................................................................................................
85 7.2. SUBMITTALS
....................................................................................................................
85 7.2.1. Contractor Qualifications and Equipment Adequacy
..................................................... 85 7.2.2.
Working Drawings
..........................................................................................................
86 7.3. MATERIALS
......................................................................................................................
87 7.3.1. Driven Piles
.....................................................................................................................
87 7.3.1.1. Forms
......................................................................................................................
87 7.3.1.2. Casting
.....................................................................................................................
87 7.3.1.3. Finish
........................................................................................................................
87 7.3.1.4. Curing and Protection
...............................................................................................
87 7.3.1.5. Prestressing
...............................................................................................................
87 7.3.1.6. Storage and Handling
................................................................................................
87 7.3.2. Drilled Shafts
..................................................................................................................
88 7.3.2.1. Concrete
....................................................................................................................
88 7.3.2.2. Reinforcing Steel
......................................................................................................
88 7.3.2.3. Casings
......................................................................................................................
88 7.3.2.4. Slurry
........................................................................................................................
88 7.4. DRIVEN PILES CONSTRUCTION
.................................................................................
90 7.4.1. Preparation for Driving
...................................................................................................
90 7.4.1.1. Site Work
..................................................................................................................
90 1. Excavation
............................................................................................................
90 2. Pre-drilling to Facilitate Driving
..........................................................................
90 3. Additional Requirements for Predrilled Holes in Embankments
......................... 90 7.4.1.2. Preparation of Piling
.................................................................................................
90 1. Pile Heads
.............................................................................................................
90 2. Pile Shoes and End Plates
.....................................................................................
90 7.4.2. Pile Driving Equipment
..................................................................................................
91 7.4.2.1. Hammers
...................................................................................................................
92 1. General
.................................................................................................................
92 2. Drop Hammers
.....................................................................................................
92 3. Air Hammers
.......................................................................................................
92 4. Diesel Hammers
...................................................................................................
92 5. Hydraulic Hammers
..............................................................................................
93 6. Vibratory Hammers
..............................................................................................
93 7. Additional Equipment or Methods
.......................................................................
93 7.4.2.2. Driving Appurtenances
.............................................................................................
93 1. Hammer Cushion
..................................................................................................
93 2. Helmet
..................................................................................................................
93 3. Pile Cushion
..........................................................................................................
94 4. Leads
....................................................................................................................
94 5. Followers
.............................................................................................................
94 6. Jetting
...................................................................................................................
94 Bridges Construction Specifications MOMRA x 7.4.3. Driving
...........................................................................................................................
95 7.4.3.1. Heaved Piles
.............................................................................................................
95 7.4.3.2. Obstructions
.............................................................................................................
96 7.4.3.3. Installation Sequence
................................................................................................
96 7.4.3.4. Limiting Driving Stresses
.........................................................................................
96 7.4.3.5. Driving of Probe Piles
..............................................................................................
96 7.4.3.6. Accuracy of Driving
.................................................................................................
96 7.4.4. Determination of Nominal Resistance
...........................................................................
97 7.4.4.1. General
.....................................................................................................................
97 7.4.4.2. Static Load Tests
......................................................................................................
97 7.4.4.3. Dynamic Testing
......................................................................................................
97 7.4.4.4. Wave Equation Analysis
..........................................................................................
98 7.4.4.5. Dynamic Formula
.....................................................................................................
98 7.4.5. Splicing of Piles
.............................................................................................................
98 7.4.5.1. Concrete Piles
...........................................................................................................
99 7.4.6. Defective Piles
................................................................................................................
99 7.4.7. Pile Cut-Off
....................................................................................................................
99 7.5. DRILLED SHAFTS CONSTRUCTION
..........................................................................
99 7.5.1. Protection of Existing Structures
....................................................................................
99 7.5.2. Construction Sequence
...................................................................................................
99 7.5.3. Construction Methods
..................................................................................................
100 7.5.3.1. Trial Drilled Shafts
.................................................................................................
100 1. General
...............................................................................................................
100 2. Location and Depth
............................................................................................
100 3. Failure to Demonstrate Ability
..........................................................................
100 4. Trial Shaft Approval
..........................................................................................
100 5. Site Restoration
..................................................................................................
100 7.5.3.2. Drilled
Shafts..........................................................................................................
101 1. Hole Excavation (1)
...........................................................................................
101 a. General
..........................................................................................................
101 b. Dry Method
...................................................................................................
101 c. Wet Method
..................................................................................................
101 d. Casing Methods
............................................................................................
102 d1. Temporary Casing Construction Method
.......................................................... 102 d2.
Permanent Casing Construction Method
........................................................... 102 d3.
Double Casing Method
......................................................................................
103 d4. Obstructions
.......................................................................................................
103 2. Excavation Inspection
........................................................................................
103 a. Inspection Equipment
...................................................................................
103 b. Removal of Excess Sediment and Water
...................................................... 103 c.
Television Camera Inspection
.......................................................................
104 c1. Equipment
..........................................................................................................
104 c2. Drawings
............................................................................................................
104 c3. Shaft Inspection
.................................................................................................
104 3. Exterior Casing
..................................................................................................
104 4. Reinforcing Steel Cage Construction and Placement
........................................ 105 a. General
..........................................................................................................
105 b. Access Tubes for Crosshole Sonic Logging (CSL)
...................................... 106 7.5.3.3. Concrete
Placement, Curing and Protection
........................................................... 107 1.
Tremies
..............................................................................................................
108 2. Concrete Pumps
.................................................................................................
108 7.5.3.4. Concrete Sampling
.................................................................................................
108 7.5.3.5. Consistency
............................................................................................................
108 7.5.3.6. Defective Shafts
.....................................................................................................
109 7.5.4. Alternative Construction Methods
...............................................................................
109 MOMRA Bridges Construction Specifications xi 7.5.5.
Construction Tolerances
...............................................................................................
109 7.6. TESTING OF DRILLED SHAFTS
.................................................................................
110 7.6.1. Test Shafts and Bells
.....................................................................................................
110 7.6.2. Drilled Shaft Load Tests
...............................................................................................
110 7.6.3. Integrity Testing
............................................................................................................
110 7.6.4. Nondestructive Testing of Drilled Shafts
......................................................................
111 7.6.4.1. General
....................................................................................................................
111 7.6.4.2. NDT Consultant
......................................................................................................
111 7.6.4.3. Testing Schedule
.....................................................................................................
111 7.6.4.4. CSL Test Equipment
...............................................................................................
111 7.6.4.5. CSL Logging Procedures
........................................................................................
112 7.6.4.6. CSL Testing Results
...............................................................................................
112 7.6.4.7. Core Drilling of Drilled Shaft Concrete
..................................................................
112 7.6.4.8. Abandoning CSL Access Tubes
.............................................................................
113 7.7. MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
..............................................................................
113 7.7.1. Measurement
.................................................................................................................
113 7.7.1.1. Driven Piles
.............................................................................................................
113 1. Piles Furnished
...................................................................................................
113 2. Driven Piles
.......................................................................................................
113 7.7.1.2. Pile Splices and Pile Shoes
.....................................................................................
113 7.7.1.3. Drilled Shaft
............................................................................................................
113 7.7.1.4. Bell Footings
...........................................................................................................
113 7.7.1.5. Test shafts
...............................................................................................................
114 7.7.1.6. Test Bells
................................................................................................................
114 7.7.1.7. Exploration
..............................................................................................................
114 7.7.1.8. Permanent Casing
...................................................................................................
114 7.7.1.9. Load Tests
...............................................................................................................
114 7.7.2.
Payment.........................................................................................................................
114 7.7.2.1. Driven Piles
.............................................................................................................
114 1. Unit Cost Contracts
............................................................................................
114 2. Lump Sum Contracts
..........................................................................................
115 7.7.2.2. Drilled Shafts
..........................................................................................................
116 1. Drilled Shaft
.......................................................................................................
116 2. Bell Footings
......................................................................................................
116 3. Test Shafts
..........................................................................................................
116 4. Test Bells
............................................................................................................
116 5. Exploration Holes
...............................................................................................
117 6. Permanent Casing
...............................................................................................
117 7. Load Tests
..........................................................................................................
117 7.8. REFERENCES
..................................................................................................................
121 SECTION 8. GROUND ANCHORS
.............................................................. 123
8.1. DESCRIPTION
.................................................................................................................
123 8.1.1.
Definitions.....................................................................................................................
123 8.2. SUBMISSION AND DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
........................................................ 124 8.2.1.
Contractor Qualifications
..............................................................................................
124 8.2.2. Working Drawings
........................................................................................................
125 8.3. MATERIALS
....................................................................................................................
126 Bridges Construction Specifications MOMRA xii 8.3.1.
Prestressing Steel
..........................................................................................................
126 8.3.2.
Grout.............................................................................................................................
126 8.3.3. Steel Elements
..............................................................................................................
126 8.3.4. Corrosion Protection Elements
.....................................................................................
126 8.3.5. Miscellaneous Elements
...............................................................................................
127 8.4. CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
..........................................................................
127 8.4.1. Tendons Fabrication
.....................................................................................................
127 8.4.1.1. General
...................................................................................................................
127 8.4.1.2. Tendon Bond Length
..............................................................................................
128 8.4.1.3. Spacers and Centralizers
........................................................................................
128 8.4.1.4. Unbonded Length
...................................................................................................
128 8.4.1.5. Bearing Plates, Anchorage and Trumpet
................................................................
129 8.4.1.6. Tendon Storage and Handling
................................................................................
129 8.5. INSTALLATION
.............................................................................................................
129 8.5.1. Drilling
.........................................................................................................................
130 8.5.2. Tendon Insertion
..........................................................................................................
130 8.5.3. Grouting
.......................................................................................................................
130 8.5.4. Trumpet and Anchorage
...............................................................................................
131 8.6. TESTING AND STRESSING
.........................................................................................
131 8.6.1. Verification Test
...........................................................................................................
131 8.6.2. Test Equipment
............................................................................................................
131 8.6.3. Performance Test
..........................................................................................................
132 8.6.4. Proof Test
.....................................................................................................................
133 8.6.5. Creep Test
....................................................................................................................
134 8.6.6. Lock-Off
.......................................................................................................................
135 8.6.7. Acceptance
...................................................................................................................
135 8.7. MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
.............................................................................
136 8.8. REFERENCES
.................................................................................................................
139 SECTION 9. EARTH RETAINING SYSTEMS
........................................... 141 9.1. DESCRIPTION
................................................................................................................
141 9.2. WORKING DRAWINGS
................................................................................................
141 9.3. MATERIALS
....................................................................................................................
142 9.3.1. Concrete
.......................................................................................................................
142 9.3.1.1. Cast-in-Place
..........................................................................................................
142 9.3.1.2. Pneumatically Applied Mortar
...............................................................................
142 9.3.1.3. Precast Elements
....................................................................................................
142 9.3.1.4. Segmental Concrete Facing Blocks
........................................................................
142 9.3.2. Reinforcing Steel
..........................................................................................................
142 9.3.3. Structural Steel
.............................................................................................................
142 9.3.4. Structure Backfill Material
...........................................................................................
142 9.3.4.1. General
...................................................................................................................
142 9.3.4.2. Crib and Cellular Walls
..........................................................................................
143 9.3.4.3. Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls
.....................................................................
143 9.4. EARTHWORK
.................................................................................................................
144 9.4.1. Structural Excavation
...................................................................................................
144 9.4.2. Foundation Treatment
..................................................................................................
144 MOMRA Bridges Construction Specifications xiii 9.4.3.
Structural Backfill
.........................................................................................................
144 9.5. CONSTRUCTION
............................................................................................................
144 9.5.1. Cast-in-place Concrete Walls
........................................................................................
144 9.5.1.1. Architectural Finish
................................................................................................
144 9.5.1.2. Retaining Wall Placement
.......................................................................................
145 9.5.1.3. Vertical Precast Concrete Wall Elements with
Cast-in-Place Concrete Footings .. 145 9.5.2. Sheet Pile And
Soldier Pile Walls
.................................................................................
145 9.5.2.1. Sheet Pile Walls
......................................................................................................
145 9.5.2.2. Soldier Pile Walls
...................................................................................................
146 9.5.2.3. Anchored Sheet Piles and Soldier Pile Wall
........................................................... 146 1.
General
...............................................................................................................
146 2. Wales
..................................................................................................................
146 3. Concrete Anchors System
..................................................................................
147 4. Tierods
..............................................................................................................
147 5. Ground Anchors
.................................................................................................
147 6. Earthwork
...........................................................................................................
147 9.5.3. Crib Walls and Cellular Walls
......................................................................................
147 9.5.3.1. Foundation
..............................................................................................................
148 9.5.3.2. Crib Members
.........................................................................................................
148 9.5.3.3. Concrete Monolithic Cell Members
........................................................................
148 9.5.3.4. Member Placement
.................................................................................................
148 9.5.3.5. Backfilling
..............................................................................................................
149 9.5.4. Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls
............................................................................
149 9.5.4.1. Facing
......................................................................................................................
149 9.5.4.2. Soil Reinforcement
.................................................................................................
149 9.5.4.3. Construction
............................................................................................................
150 9.6. MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
..............................................................................
150 9.7. REFERENCES
..................................................................................................................
154 SECTION 10. CONCRETE STRUCTURES
................................................ 155 10.1. NOTATION
.....................................................................................................................
155 10.2. GENERAL
.......................................................................................................................
155 10.2.1. Description
..................................................................................................................
155 10.2.2. Related Work
..............................................................................................................
155 10.2.3. Construction Methods
.................................................................................................
155 10.3. CLASSES OF CONCRETE
...........................................................................................
155 10.3.1. General
........................................................................................................................
155 10.3.2. Normal-Weight Concrete
............................................................................................
156 10.3.3. Lightweight Concrete
..................................................................................................
156 10.4. MATERIALS
..................................................................................................................
156 10.4.1.
Cements.......................................................................................................................
156 10.4.2. Aggregates
..................................................................................................................
157 10.4.2.1. Fine aggregate
.......................................................................................................
157 10.4.2.2. Coarse aggregate
...................................................................................................
157 10.4.2.3. Blended Aggregates
..............................................................................................
157 10.4.2.4. Lightweight aggregate
..........................................................................................
157 10.4.2.5. Exception
..............................................................................................................
157 10.4.3. Admixtures
..................................................................................................................
157 Bridges Construction Specifications MOMRA xiv 10.4.3.1. Mineral
Admixtures
.............................................................................................
157 1. Pozzolans2F
.......................................................................................................
158 2. Silica Fume
........................................................................................................
158 3. Slag
....................................................................................................................
158 10.4.3.2. Chemical Admixtures
...........................................................................................
159 10.4.4. Water
..........................................................................................................................
159 10.5. PROPORTIONING OF CONCRETE
.........................................................................
160 10.5.1. Mixing
........................................................................................................................
160 10.5.1.1. Responsibility and Criteria
...................................................................................
160 10.5.1.2. Trial Batch Test
....................................................................................................
161 1. Standard Deviation
............................................................................................
161 2. Required Average Strength
................................................................................
161 10.5.1.3. Documentation of Average Strength
....................................................................
162 1. Average Strength Reduction
..............................................................................
163 10.5.2. Water Content
............................................................................................................
163 10.5.3. Cement Content
..........................................................................................................
164 10.5.4. Admixtures
.................................................................................................................
164 10.5.4.1. Mineral Admixtures
.............................................................................................
165 10.5.4.2. Chemical Admixtures
...........................................................................................
165 10.6. MANUFACTURE OF CONCRETE
............................................................................
165 10.6.1. Storage of Cement
......................................................................................................
165 10.6.2. Storage of Aggregates
................................................................................................
166 10.6.3. Measurements of Materials
........................................................................................
166 10.6.4. Batching and Mixing of Concrete
..............................................................................
166 10.6.4.1. Batching
...............................................................................................................
166 10.6.4.2. Mixing
..................................................................................................................
166 10.6.5. Delivery
......................................................................................................................
167 10.6.6. Sampling and Testing
.................................................................................................
167 10.6.7. Evaluation and Acceptance of
Concrete.....................................................................
168 10.6.7.1. Frequency of Testing
............................................................................................
168 10.6.7.2. Laboratory-Cured Specimens
...............................................................................
168 10.6.7.3. Field-Cured Specimens
........................................................................................
169 10.6.7.4. Investigation of Low-Strength Test Results
......................................................... 169
10.6.7.5. Precast Concrete Cured By the Waterproof Cover Method,
Steam, or Radiant Heat
.......................................................................................................................
169 10.7. PROTECTION OF CONCRETE FROM ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ....
170 10.7.1. General
.......................................................................................................................
170 10.7.2. Rain Protection
...........................................................................................................
170 10.7.3. Sulfate Exposures
.......................................................................................................
170 10.7.4. Corrosion Protection of
Reinforcement......................................................................
171 10.7.5. Sulfate plus Chloride Exposures
................................................................................
172 10.7.6. Sabkha Exposures
......................................................................................................
172 10.7.7. Salt Weathering
..........................................................................................................
172 10.7.8. Hot-Weather Protection
..............................................................................................
172 10.7.9. Special Requirements for Bridge Decks
.....................................................................
172 10.8. CONCRETE PROTECTION FOR REINFORCEMENT
......................................... 173 10.8.1. Cast-in-place
concrete (non-prestressed)
...................................................................
173 10.8.2. Cast-in-place concrete (prestressed)
...........................................................................
174 10.8.3. Precast concrete (manufactured under plant control
conditions) ............................... 175 10.8.4. Bundled
bars
...............................................................................................................
175 10.8.5. Corrosive environments
.............................................................................................
176 10.8.6. Future extensions
........................................................................................................
176 10.8.7. Fire protection
............................................................................................................
176 MOMRA Bridges Construction Specifications xv 10.9. HANDLING AND
PLACING OF
CONCRETE..........................................................
176 10.9.1. General
........................................................................................................................
176 10.9.2. Sequence of Placement
...............................................................................................
177 10.9.2.1. Vertical Members
..................................................................................................
177 10.9.2.2. Superstructures
......................................................................................................
177 10.9.2.3. Arches
...................................................................................................................
177 10.9.2.4. Tunnels
..................................................................................................................
177 10.9.2.5. Placing of Concrete for Tunnels on Rock Surfaces
.............................................. 178 10.9.2.6. Box
Culverts
.........................................................................................................
178 10.9.2.7. Precast Elements
...................................................................................................
178 10.9.3. Placing Methods
..........................................................................................................
178 10.9.3.1. General
...............................................