.. ..•. ,.. "" .. "" :. Trustees and Staff may build one project in a ••• lifetime. ••• ::: An easy resource for information about bidding ,.. and construction terminology, processes, and ."- responsibilities will help make the most of your _ singular project experience. ':. The understanding and interpretation of the :: various drawings, descriptive specifications and ••. forms required for construction will be useful .: throughout the bidding and construction process. .- .•.. "'" Introduction ~ . .,. "'" .•. "" ...•. ..•.. "" • The Terminology of Bidding and ... ..••• Construction ".. : • Bidding and Construction in the Public : Arena .: • Who is Responsible for What? ,. : • How and Where does the Money Go? .~ • Moving the Team in the Right Direction Key Points ...• .•. :g -$ ..•. "" . ..~ Agenda Bidding and Construction Options The Bidding Process and Bid Documents The Construction Process and Construction Documents The Completion and Close-out Process The Effective Building Team ..• - .. "" '''' "" "" ,.. . Bidding and Construction Options General Contract Construction Management DesignlBuild Cost Plus a Fee The Public Bid Process ' .... "'" . "" ... - . '"' ....• •.. '" .•.. ,,.. .•. - . .,.. ... ••. < ~ ••• General Contracting A single lump-sum construction contract based on complete, biddable, construction documents. Construction Management Multiple lump-sum construction contracts based on complete, biddable construction documents, issued in whole or in phases for selected building trades, coordinated and supervised by an independently retained construction professional.
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....•.,.."".."":. Trustees and Staff may build one project in a••• lifetime.•••::: An easy resource for information about bidding,.. and construction terminology, processes, and
."- responsibilities will help make the most of your_ singular project experience.':. The understanding and interpretation of the:: various drawings, descriptive specifications and••. forms required for construction will be useful.: throughout the bidding and construction process..-.•.."'"
Introduction
~..,."'".•.""...•...•.."" • The Terminology of Bidding and.....••• Construction"..: • Bidding and Construction in the Public: Arena.: • Who is Responsible for What?,.: • How and Where does the Money Go?.~ • Moving the Team in the Right Direction
Key Points
...•.•.:g
-$..•."" .
..~
Agenda
Bidding and Construction OptionsThe Bidding Process and Bid DocumentsThe Construction Process and ConstructionDocuments
The Completion and Close-out ProcessThe Effective Building Team
..•-..""''''"""",.. .
Bidding and ConstructionOptions
General Contract
Construction Management
DesignlBuildCost Plus a FeeThe Public Bid Process
'...."'" .""...- .'"'....••..'".•..,,...•.-..,.....••.
< ~ •••
General Contracting
A single lump-sum construction contractbased on complete, biddable, constructiondocuments.
Construction Management
Multiple lump-sum construction contractsbased on complete, biddable constructiondocuments, issued in whole or in phasesfor selected building trades, coordinatedand supervised by an independentlyretained construction professional.
~~m~;1m~f;j~~~~~~~i0l~~~£,M!~~i:'-''1'>•..""... DesigniB uild•••,... A single lump-sum contract for both design and.• construction based on a program statement and
general building performance standards.
"'",...-••
Quality
Time Cost
(pick two)
~~~~~~~~&~~,;~~~~~~=~........•.""'",~..:: • Budget•• • Biddable Documents: Drawings and: Specifications"".•. • Advertising"'":: • Contractor Qualifications: • Bid Opening and Recording.",.•••• Awarding the Contract(s)•..
Public Bid Process
~~~~Rt~~~m~~~~~).~~~~...•."".'''' The Budget
"".. .Planning
Adequacy and CompletenessImportance of ContingencyKeeping track of the budgetAlternates
Bidding Documents
•••. Drawings: • Technical Specifications
"Front End" specifications••. • Information required for a contractor to
estimate the cost of the project• An Addendum modifies/clarifies the
""' Bidding Documents
Advertising and Invitation to Bid"'"
Published in a periodical of generalcirculation in the project area .Informs bidders of important dates, timesand locations for bidding activities.
Confirmed by an affidavit of publication.Often includes equal opportunity languageand other information, as required by law.
.•...••.. Contractor Qualifications..•."",'".. ........,..
Prequalification Requirements
Bonding RequirementsReferencesAppropriate Experience
..•......•.•.-.-..•.'"....•....."".•....."'"•••
The Pre-bid Conference and theAddendum
.•...•.""."..: • A meeting to review bid procedures and.: questions about the bid documents..•.••• • Attendance may be mandatory or optional.....•••• An addendum may be issued to clarify...••• documents and answer questions. This: becomes an official part of the contract: documents. The bidding contractors are an: expert source of detailed questions.
.•.""...""'..... Recommendations for Award,
Awarding the Contract andFinalizing the Budget
Individual contractors bids are reviewed in detailand questions are answered. The goal is todetermine the best contractor for the project.The "lowest qualified bidder" is determined,A list of recommended contractors is compiled.
••-.... ..•.-".-~..•. ...'..•.......•.•..•...~~,..•.
What If?.-..•..•.....•..."" • The bids received are over the project•..•• budget?-: • The low bidder is unqualified?
: • The low bidder refuse to honor his bid by,: signing a contract?..,.•••• There is a protest from another bidder..."" about the low bid?.......•.. .•.....•. ",..
Bid Opening, Recording,Tabulation and Analysis
Bids are received at a predesignated time, dateand place.
The bids are opened and read in a public meeting.Bids are recorded, confirming that bid security isproper, addenda are acknowledged and bids arecomplete.The tabulation is the final estimate of projectcost.
PLA Ninth Nati annl rnnfoyonrn Mnr~l, ?nn?
Value Engineering
Determination of which alternates are to be: accepted.-;::,Voluntary alternates are reviewed ..:: Bidders may be requested to identify potential
savings that will reduce cost and not reduce,,¥ quality.'l The architect and construction manager may'" review the design and systems to identify lower
cost options.
-~
.........."".•.""•• • Finalizing the Schedule...: • Submittal Review..•.••. • Construction Quality and Reviews
Payment ProcessDesign and Construction Revisions
The Construction Process
The Construction Schedule
Commitment to a definitive schedule forconstruction and occupancy.All trades contractors must "buy in" to theschedule.
The owner and architect must be keptapprised of schedule milestones.
Submittal Review: Multiple products have usually been specified..,w. The actual products must be reviewed for:: compliance with the design intent.r Coordination of actual materials and:: components.! Color selections! Substitutions may be reviewed for.':: acceptability. It is the responsibility of the;; submitting contractor to confirm compliance: with the specification.
PLA Ninth National Conference Mnrrh ?nn?
Construction Quality andReviews
.•..••• Regularly scheduled (monthly)'.,.,. construction progress meetings: • Periodic construction observation by the••• architects and engineers.
:: • Discussions of outstanding questions and.: requests for information (RFI's) ....•- • Schedule review ....-...
,~
""
....•.....'".....•......."".•.....•.-'..,...•.~ •..--.,1'1!1!'>....
··f ••....,.,..•...•..•.~.
The Payment Process
Requests for payment are submitted for initial(draft) review in the field.Official Application and Certificate forPayment is assembled and submitted .Sworn statements and Waivers of Lien areassembled and attached.Architect reviews and approves payment onthe Certificate for payment portion of the PayApplication .Billing review scheduled prior to a regularboard meeting.
Design and Document RevisionsDuring Construction
Reasons for changesBulletinsField OrdersArchitect's Supplemental Instructions(ASI's)
• Change Orders
Reasons for Changes Documenting Changes
': • Owner requests for changes"'".: • Field conditions:: • Coordination Issues".••.• Document interpretations..•.,"""'".•..""..."....•..-""
Bulletins
Field Orders
Documenting ChangesDocumenting Changes
Bulletins
Field OrdersArchitect's Supplemental
Instructions (AS!'s)
BulletinsField Orders
Architect's SupplementalInstructions (AS!' s)
Change Orders
Documenting Changes Documenting Changes
Bulletins Bulletins
Field Orders
Architect's SupplementalInstructi ons (AS I' s)
Change Orders
•••""""- Completion and Closeout
.1: Substantial Completion:& Punchlist: Move-in and Occupancy: Turnover Items-.: - Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Manuals,... - Warrantees: - As-built Drawings':: Final Completion•......-.•..
.•.,..•..'.•.....-,,,","" ..,.
,"" ..<~
Substantial Completion
Owner's use of the buildingEnd construction and begin warrantyFinal payment except for Retainage
-ee,-,., The Punchlist,""'"' ..,,",...,,"'~ ."".•."..
Items required to be corrected for theproject to be finally complete.Payment of retainage is contingent oncompletion of the punchlist.
Occupancy of the Project....•• • Signing off by the governing authority..•.: • Owner may move into the building.': • Punch list completion may still be in.•._ progress.
...•.
...,."'-.""•..""".•.."" ."'""'".,..-...•.•...•...~.•. .
Turnover Items
Operation and Maintenance (O&M)manuals and maintenance schedules
Operational demonstrationsAs-built drawings
Warranties
__ 41- AT _~_._
Final Completion
When the all payments are finally made .
Post-Occupancy Activities
.•.--....•.•....•..""...
WarrantiesMaintenancePost-Occupancy Review
.•..--.•.....<.~ ..••.
The Effective Building Team
"" .Common GoalsShared Procedures
CommunicationTenacity
.~..~ .....-~ .•..,.. ......""".,
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