MINISTRY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT (MLGRD) GREATER ACCRA METROPOLITAN AREA (GAMA) SANITATION AND WATER PROJECT LA NKWANTANANG MADINA MUNICIPAL ASSEMBLY (LANMMA) Construction of Institutional Sanitation Facilities ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) FINAL ESMP Prepared by: SAL Consult Limited, P. O. Box GP20200, Accra, Ghana March 2017 Email: [email protected]SFG3246 V1 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
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MINISTRY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
(MLGRD)
GREATER ACCRA METROPOLITAN AREA (GAMA) SANITATION AND WATER PROJECT
LA NKWANTANANG MADINA MUNICIPAL ASSEMBLY (LANMMA)
Construction of Institutional Sanitation Facilities
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
FINAL ESMP
Prepared by:
SAL Consult Limited, P. O. Box GP20200, Accra, Ghana
Final ESMP _Construction of Institutional Sanitation Facilities. Page i
March 2017
TABLE OF CONTENT
TABLE OF CONTENT .......................................................................................................................................... I
LIST OF FIGURES ..............................................................................................................................................III
LIST OF TABLES ...............................................................................................................................................III
LIST OF PLATES................................................................................................................................................III
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................. V
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... VI
1.2 OBJECTIVES/PURPOSE OF THE ESMP ............................................................................................................. 2
1.3 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................... 2
1.3.1 Site Inspections ................................................................................................................................. 2
2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT .......................................................................................... 6
2.1 NEED FOR THE PROJECT ............................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 BENEFICIARY INSTITUTIONS IN LANMMA AND THEIR LOCATIONS ........................................................................ 6
2.3 DESCRIPTION/STATE OF EXISTING TOILET FACILITIES IN THE BENEFICIARY INSTITUTIONS ........................................... 9
2.4 PROPOSED SANITATION FACILITIES TO BE PROVIDED BY PROJECT ....................................................................... 14
2.5 DESCRIPTION OF KEY FEATURES OF PROPOSED SANITATION FACILITIES............................................................... 22
2.6 LABOUR AND RELATED ISSUES .................................................................................................................... 24
3.0 RELEVANT POLICIES, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS .................................................. 25
4.3.2 Education and Literacy .................................................................................................................... 37
4.3.3 Employment and Industry ............................................................................................................... 38
4.3.4 Water Supply .................................................................................................................................. 38
SAL Consult Ltd GAMA - LaNMMA
Final ESMP _Construction of Institutional Sanitation Facilities. Page ii
March 2017
4.3.5 Sanitation and Hygiene ................................................................................................................... 39
PLATE 1: SITE INSPECTION AT DANFA METHODIST BASIC SCHOOL ......................................................................................... 3
PLATE 2: SITE INSPECTION AT OTINIBI MA BASIC SCHOOL ................................................................................................... 3
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Final ESMP _Construction of Institutional Sanitation Facilities. Page iv
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PLATE 3: VEGETATION AT OTINIBI MA SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION SITE................................................................................... 35
PLATE 4: VEGETATION AT OYARIFA PRESBY K.G AND PRIMARY 1&2 CONSTRUCTION SITE ....................................................... 36
PLATE 5: EXISTING PIT LATRINE TOILET AT OTINIBI M/A BASIC SCHOOL ............................................................................... 39
PLATE 6: CONSULTATION WITH P.T.A CHAIRMAN, SMC SECRETARY & SHEP COORDINATOR OF WASS EXPERIMENTAL JHS 1&2 53
PLATE 7: CONSULTATION WITH PREFECTS AND HEALTH CLUB EXECUTIVES OF DANFA METHODIST BASIC SCHOOL ........................ 53
PLATE 8: CONSULTATION WITH PREFECTS OF OTINIBI M/A BASIC SCHOOL ........................................................................... 53
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Final ESMP _Construction of Institutional Sanitation Facilities. Page v
March 2017
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
BoQ Bill of Quantities
EHSD Environmental Heath and Sanitation Department
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework
ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan
FMP Facilities Management Plan
GAMA Greater Accra Metropolitan Area
GES Ghana Education Service
GHS Ghana Health Services
GoG Government of Ghana
GWCL Ghana Water Company Limited
IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature
JHS Junior High School
LaNMMA La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal Assembly
LI Legislative Instrument
MA Municipal Authority
MLGRD Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development
MMA Metropolitan and Municipal Assembly
MMDA Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assembly
OP Operational Procedures
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
SHEP School Health Education Programme
S&W Sanitation and Water
ToR Terms of Reference
TREND Training, Research and Network for Development
WB World Bank
WC Water Closet
WD Works Department
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Government of Ghana (GoG) has received financing from the World Bank towards the cost of
implementation of the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) Sanitation and Water Project
(GAMA S&W Project). The objective of the Project is to increase access to improved sanitation and
improved water supply in the GAMA, with emphasis on low income communities; and to strengthen
management of environmental sanitation in the GAMA.
The GAMA Project, which has four components, supports eleven (11) Metropolitan and Municipal
Assemblies (MMAs) spread across the Greater Accra Region. Part of the strategies under Component
1 of the Project is the provision of improved sanitation and water supply facilities in schools in each
of the eleven (11) MMAs in GAMA, including hygiene education and campaigns for awareness raising
and behavioural changes in low income communities
Ghana’s Environmental Assessment Regulations, 1999 (LI1652) requires that for any start-up project
which has potential to impact negatively on the environment and people, the undertaking should be
assessed for its environmental and social impacts, and the appropriate mitigation measures
identified prior to the undertaking for implementation. The Project has also triggered one of the
World Bank Safeguards policies: the Environmental Assessment Policy OP4.01. These require that
any potential environmental and social issues arising from the project implementation should be
mitigated.
This ESMP is prepared to guide the construction and operation of the institutional sanitation
facilities under the La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal Assembly (LaNMMA) in accordance with the
Environmental Assessment Regulations (EAR) 1999, LI 1652 and the World Bank’s Safeguards Policy
on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01).
Stakeholder consultations were carried out with key stakeholders to obtain their comments and
concerns on the proposed project with respect to the potential environmental and socio-economic
issues and impacts that have been addressed in the study. The stakeholders consulted comprise:
Project proponents:
Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development/ Project Coordinating Unit
- Safeguards Specialist
La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal Assembly
- Municipal Engineer;
- GAMA Project Coordinator; and
- Head, Environmental Health & Sanitation Department.
Engineering Consultant
Training, Research and Network for Development (TREND) Group
- Resident Engineer (responsible for Safeguards); and
- Clerk of Works.
Contractor
Grumah Twins
- Site Supervisor
SAL Consult Ltd GAMA - LaNMMA
Final ESMP _Construction of Institutional Sanitation Facilities. Page vii
March 2017
Beneficiary Institutions
WASH implementers (Head Teachers; SHEP Coordinators; representatives of School
Management Committee and Parent Teacher Association; school children, school prefects and
school health club executives) in the following institutions:
- Otinibi MA Basic School;
- Danfa Methodist Basic School;
- Kweiman Presby Primary School;
- Oyarifa Presby Kindergarten & Primary School; and
- WASS Experimental Junior High School (JHS) 1&2.
Madina Polyclinic (Kekele Polyclinic)
- Administrator
Significant Environmental and Social Impacts
The significant adverse impacts (rated as moderate or major) identified from the analysis and
evaluation of the potential impacts from the proposed project are stated below.
Preparatory Phase
Siting of Toilet Facility
Construction Phase
Soil impacts and sediment transport;
Air quality deterioration;
Vibration and noise nuisance;
Visual intrusion;
Destruction of property and obstruction of walkways;
Generation and disposal of solid waste;
Occupational health & safety;
Public safety & Traffic issues; and
Sanitation and public health.
Operational Phase
Nuisance from odour;
Waste generation;
Sanitation issues and public health impacts; and
Sustainability of the institutional facilities.
Decommissioning Phase
Occupational/public safety and traffic impacts; and
Waste management.
Mitigation and Monitoring Action Plans
Mitigation and monitoring measures for the significant adverse impacts and identified risks to the
sustainability of the project are stated below.
SAL Consult Ltd GAMA - LaNMMA
Final ESMP _Construction of Institutional Sanitation Facilities. Page viii
March 2017
Mitigation measures/actions for potential significant adverse impacts
No. Environmental/ Social
Component Proposed Mitigation Measures
Monitoring Parameters Monitoring
Site
Frequency Responsibility
(Implementation/
Supervision)
PREPARATORY PHASE
1. Siting of toilet facility Engineering Consultant to extensively engage authorities of WASS
Experimental JSS on the proximity of the toilet facility to the make-shift
canteen. Where agreed upon, the project should relocate the canteen for
the school.
For all other schools, Engineering Consultant to extensively consult school
authorities on the siting of toilet facilities in the school. The school
authorities should be in agreement with the siting of the toilet facilities.
-Evidence of consultation with
authorities of beneficiary
institution on siting of facilities.
-Complaints on siting of
facilities
-Beneficiary
institutions
-Prior to
construction
- Daily
-Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
1. Loss of vegetation and
impacts on fauna
Removed tree only where it is unavoidable after review by an
Environmental Specialist.
Clearing of grasses and shrubs should be limited to the area demarcated
for the construction of the toilet facilities.
Re-vegetate areas at the construction site around the toilet facilities to
restore the landscape.
-Vegetation intact at areas
outside demarcated
construction site
-Areas around construction site
re-vegetated after construction
-Construction
site
-Daily
-After
construction
-Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
2. Soil impacts and
sediment transport
Vegetation (grasses and shrubs) should be cleared only when contractor
is fully mobilised for construction.
Vegetation clearance (where necessary) and excavations should be
limited to the demarcated construction site.
Backfill with excavated soil material where appropriate.
Re-vegetate areas around construction sites to restore the landscape.
Ensure that heaped sand delivered for construction works is covered with
tarpaulin to prevent wind and water transport of soil particles.
-Observable change in turbidity
of water in drains
-Observable oil sheen in drains
-Observation of rills/gullies
-Construction
site
-Nearby
drains
Daily Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
3. Air quality deterioration Deliver construction equipment and materials to the construction sites
outside school sessions, such as in the evenings or on weekends.
Speed limit for all vehicles and construction equipment should be less
than 30km/h within the school/clinic environs and less than 50km/h
-Observation of air borne
particulates (dust) and exhaust
fumes
Construction
site
-Immediate
environs
Daily
During Peak
construction
period
Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
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Final ESMP _Construction of Institutional Sanitation Facilities. Page ix
March 2017
No. Environmental/ Social
Component Proposed Mitigation Measures
Monitoring Parameters Monitoring
Site
Frequency Responsibility
(Implementation/
Supervision)
within communities. Provide speed limit signs to guide drivers/operators.
Dampen untarred routes of vehicles/trucks to the construction sites.
Haulage trucks carrying sand should be covered with tarpaulin.
Hydraulic concrete mixing machines should be used as much as possible
and regularly service all construction equipment and machinery.
-Records of dust level
measurements (dust
concentration should be below
150µg/m3)
-Records of dampening of
construction sites and routes
for vehicles/trucks
4. Vibration and noise
nuisance
Demolition of old structures should be done outside school sessions, such
as in the evenings or during weekends.
Carpentry works, and other noise generating activities should as much as
possible be carried outside school sessions.
Hydraulic concrete mixing machines should be used as much as possible
and regularly service all construction equipment and machinery.
-Complaints on noise nuisance -Construction
site
-Immediate
environs
Daily Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
5. Visual intrusion The construction sites should be hoarded off from public view.
Ensure good housekeeping at the construction site.
Ensure an acceptable post-construction site as per provisions in the
contract.
Remove all construction equipment from the site after completion of
work.
-Hoarding in place
-Condition of areas around
construction site
-Construction
site
-Immediate
environs
Daily Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
6. Destruction of property
and obstruction of
walkways
Ensure construction equipment are not parked haphazardly to obstruct
walkways.
As much as possible, do not dump construction materials in walkways.
Provide safe alternative routes for pedestrians where walkways will be
obstructed.
Consult affected property owners/users and seek their consent prior to
construction works.
Realign all affected utility service lines.
Reinstate any damaged property such as pavements, etc.
-Evidence of consultations with
affected property owners
-Record of affected service
line/property and action taken
-Complains on affected
property and obstruction of
walkways
-Construction
site
-immediate
environs
Daily Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
7. Generation and
disposal of solid waste
Apply the principles of Reduce, Reuse and Recover for waste
management. For example:
-Availability and use of bins
-Records on frequency and
Construction
site
Daily Contractor/
Engineering
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Final ESMP _Construction of Institutional Sanitation Facilities. Page x
March 2017
No. Environmental/ Social
Component Proposed Mitigation Measures
Monitoring Parameters Monitoring
Site
Frequency Responsibility
(Implementation/
Supervision)
o Purchase the right quality and quantity of materials;
o Ensure judicious use of construction materials such as pipes,
laterites, sand, etc.;
o Reuse excavated soil material for backfilling and levelling if
appropriate.
Provide bins on site for temporary storage of domestic waste such as
lubricant containers, drinking water sachets and carrier bags/packaging
materials.
Dispose all construction and domestic waste at LaNMMA approved dump
sites.
location of waste disposal site
of domestic and construction
waste
Consultant
8. Occupational health
and safety (OHS) issues
Engage experienced artisans for construction works.
All workers should be given proper induction/orientation on safety.
The contractors should have a Health & Safety Policy to guide the
construction activities.
Regularly service all equipment and machinery.
Ensure first aid kits on site and a trained person to administer first aid.
Provide and enforce the use of appropriate personal protective
equipment (PPE) such as safety boots, reflective jackets, hard hats, hand
gloves, earplugs, nose masks, etc. for the labour force.
Comply with all site rules and regulations.
Apply sanctions where safety procedures are not adhered to.
Site meetings should create awareness on OHS.
-Workers’ awareness of
Contractor’s health and safety
policy
-Availability and proper use of
PPEs
-Availability and proper use of
warning signs
-Availability of first aid kit
-Adherence to health and
safety procedures
-Records on frequency, type
and source of
illness/accident/injury
-Records on non-compliances
-Absence of unauthorized
persons at active construction
sites
Construction
site
Daily Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
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Final ESMP _Construction of Institutional Sanitation Facilities. Page xi
March 2017
No. Environmental/ Social
Component Proposed Mitigation Measures
Monitoring Parameters Monitoring
Site
Frequency Responsibility
(Implementation/
Supervision)
9. Public safety and traffic
issues
Hoard off the construction sites to prevent access by unauthorised
persons.
Use caution tapes and warning signs at the construction sites around
trenches and excavations.
Deliver construction equipment and materials to the construction sites
outside school sessions such as in the evening or weekends.
Speed limit for all vehicles and construction equipment should be less
than 30km/h within the school/clinic environs and less than 50km/h
within communities. Provide speed limit signs to guide drivers/public.
Do not park at unauthorised places to reduce the risk of accidents.
Erect temporary road signs at junctions to the beneficiary institutions
during the delivery of construction equipment and materials.
Ensure delivery trucks hired/contracted are in good condition to prevent
breakdowns on roads.
Remove all construction equipment from the site after completion of
work.
-Availability and proper use of
warning signs
-Hoarding of site
-Use of caution tape around
trenches/ excavations
-Records on frequency, type
and source of
illness/accident/injury
-Absence of unauthorized
persons at active construction
sites
Construction
site
Daily Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
10. Sanitation issues and
public health impacts
Provide bins on site for temporary storage of domestic waste such as
lubricant containers, drinking water sachets and carrier bags/packaging
materials.
Dispose all construction and domestic waste at LaNMMA approved dump
sites and in the approved manner.
Ensure all trenches or excavations made during the construction works do
not collect stagnant water which could d breed mosquitoes.
Ensure construction workers use existing institutional toilet facilities or
identify nearby public toilet facilities for use. Provide temporary toilets
(mobile toilets) for use where there are no existing ones.
-Availability and use of bins
-Records on frequency and
location of waste disposal site
of domestic and construction
waste
-Mobile toilet facilities in place
-Absence of stagnant water in
trenches
Construction
site
Daily Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
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Final ESMP _Construction of Institutional Sanitation Facilities. Page xii
March 2017
No. Environmental/ Social
Component Proposed Mitigation Measures
Monitoring Parameters Monitoring
Site
Frequency Responsibility
(Implementation/
Supervision)
11. Public Complaints/
Grievances
- Implement Grievance Redress Mechanism, which will include such
elements as:
o Lodging and registration of PAPs grievance by grievance redress committee;
o Redress decision, feedback and implementation; o Dissatisfaction and alternative action; and o Monitoring and evaluation.
-Type and nature of complaints
and concerns;
-Complaint records (Record of
grievance and number
resolved/unresolved)
-Management and Stakeholder
Meetings
Project
community
Weekly Grievance
redress Team
OPERATIONAL PHASE
1. Nuisance from odour Comply with provisions in the Facilities Management Plan (FMP).
Ensure good housekeeping at toilet facilities.
Clean toilet facilities regularly with disinfectants.
Empty bins in classrooms/offices/wards regularly.
Liaise with LaNMMA to contract a waste management company to
regularly collect and dispose school refuse at LaNMMA approved dump
site. Faecal sludge to be collected by LaNMMA registered waste
management company for treatment and disposal.
Dislodge septic tanks outside school sessions, such as on weekends.
-Smell of pungent odour
-Beneficiary
institution
-Immediate
environs
Daily Authorities of
beneficiary
institution/ SHEP
Coordinator
2. Water supply Ensure water supply to the toilet facilities is regular.
Ensure payment of utility bills
Repair any damaged water supply facilities
-Availability of water in tanks
and flow of water through taps
-Payment of utility bills
-Leakages and damage to
water supply facilities (poly
tanks, water supply lines)
-Beneficiary
Institution
-Daily
-Monthly
-Weekly
SHEP
Coordinator,
Administrator/
Head of
Institution
3. Groundwater
contamination
Contractor should utilize plastic septic tanks (Duraplast), instead of
conventional septic tanks in institutions with high water table. Eg:
o Teiman St. James Anglican Basic School;
o Baba Yara 1,2 & K.G; and
o Baba Yara JHS.
-Plastic septic tanks used for
institutions with high water
table. Eg:
o Teiman St. James Anglican
Basic School;
o Baba Yara 1,2 & K.G; and
-Construction
sites
-During
construction
Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
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Final ESMP _Construction of Institutional Sanitation Facilities. Page xiii
March 2017
No. Environmental/ Social
Component Proposed Mitigation Measures
Monitoring Parameters Monitoring
Site
Frequency Responsibility
(Implementation/
Supervision)
o Baba Yara JHS.
4. Waste generation
and disposal
Regularly empty waste bins at the various locations when full.
Sensitize pupils/patients/staff on effective use of bins to avoid
indiscriminate disposal of waste.
Damaged waste bins should be replaced as appropriate.
Liaise with LaNMMA to contract a registered waste management
company to regularly collect and dispose school refuse, used toilet
rolls, tissues papers and sanitary pads, to LaNMMA approved dump
site.
Inspect septic tanks periodically and when the tank is full, liaise with
LANMMA to contract a registered septage waste collection service
provider to dislodge the tank for treatment and disposal.
Faecal sludge to be collected by LaNMMA registered waste
management company for treatment and disposal.
Comply with provisions in the Waste Management Plan (WMP).
-Waste disposal records
-Availability of bins
-Litter around waste bin
-Records of inspection and
dislodging of septic tanks
Beneficiary
institution
-Daily Authorities of
beneficiary
institution/ SHEP
Coordinator
5. Sanitation issues and
health impacts
Ensure pupils/staff/patients wash their hands under running water and
soap after use of toilet facilities.
Ensure good housekeeping at toilet facilities.
Clean toilet facilities regularly with disinfectants.
Ensure bins are properly covered at all times.
Avoid indiscriminate dumping of waste at waste storage and collection
shed and always keep the place clean.
Provide disposable hand gloves for cleaning of sanitation facilities and
emptying of bins.
Create awareness on hygiene and sanitation issues, including proper use
of sanitation facilities and proper handling and disposal of waste.
Comply with provisions in the FMP.
-Cleaning roster
-Clean environment
-Smell of pungent odour
Availability of disinfectants
-Availability of cleaning PPEs
and tools/materials
-Availability of functional hand
wash facility
-Toilet facility
-Waste
storage and
collection
sheds
-Daily
-Week
SHEP
Coordinator/
Head of
Institution/
Administrator
6. Complaints/ Grievances Implement Grievance Redress Mechanism, which will include such -Type and nature of complaints Project -Weekly SHEP
SAL Consult Ltd GAMA - LaNMMA
Final ESMP _Construction of Institutional Sanitation Facilities. Page xiv
March 2017
No. Environmental/ Social
Component Proposed Mitigation Measures
Monitoring Parameters Monitoring
Site
Frequency Responsibility
(Implementation/
Supervision)
elements as:
o Lodging and registration of PAPs grievance by grievance redress committee;
o Redress decision, feedback and implementation; o Dissatisfaction and alternative action; and o Monitoring and evaluation.
and concerns
-Complaint records (Record of
grievance and number
resolved/unresolved)
community Coordinator/
Head of
Institution
Administrator
SUSTAINABILITY OF INSTITUTIONAL FACILITIES
1. Flooding Raise the floor of the of toilet facilities to about 1 meter above ground,
especially in flood prone areas such as: o Teiman St. James Anglican Basic School; o Baba Yara 1,2 & K.G; and o Baba Yara JHS.
Improve access to facilities by the provision of a ramp and steps. Small
school kids are usually assisted by the teachers to access the facility
Provide adequate drainage around toilet facilities.
Provide rain cover over all windows and doors of the toilet facilities.
Beneficiary schools should ensure all broken louvre blades/or windows
are replaced.
- Extent of flooding during
rains
- Drains clear of silt
- Record of state of Rain
covers
- Record of state of louvre
blades
Toilet facility During rains
Monthly
Authorities of
Institution/ PTA/
Municipal
Assembly
2. Security issues Provide burglar proof at the doors and windows of toilet facilities.
Maintain adequate security in the schools and at the sanitation facilities
especially. Eg: through hiring a watchman.
MA should consider fencing of schools in future projects to improve
security.
Sensitize wider communities not to disturb school sanitation facilities
- Security measures (locks,
burglar proof) functional
- Watchman hired
Toilet facility Daily Authorities of
Institution / PTA/
Municipal
Assembly
3. Unavailability of water Confirm the source and reliability of the water supply prior to the
commencement of construction.
Ensure that storage tanks are installed for all the facilities to provide
continuous water supply even when GWCL lines are temporarily out of
order.
Ensure connection of water and installation of water storage tanks is
completed and there is regular flow of water at the toilet facilities before
commissioning/handing over of the facilities for use.
- Confirmation of availability
of water supply from GWCL
- Storage tanks installed and
all connections and
plumbing functional
- Leaks from plumbing
Toilet facility Prior to
commissioni
ng of
project/
Weekly
Authorities of
Institution / PTA/
Municipal
Assembly
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Final ESMP _Construction of Institutional Sanitation Facilities. Page xv
March 2017
No. Environmental/ Social
Component Proposed Mitigation Measures
Monitoring Parameters Monitoring
Site
Frequency Responsibility
(Implementation/
Supervision)
4. Funding School authorities and PTA to incorporate discussions on funding for
water supply, electricity bills and maintenance of the facilities at school
management levels i.e. PTA Meetings and SMC meetings to ensure
availability of adequate long term fund for the O&M of the sanitation
facilities.
Capacity building of School authorities /PTA/SMC for raising, mobilization
and stewardship of funding for O&M of the sanitation facilities to ensure
availability of long term funding for the management of the sanitation
facilities
LANMMA Assembly stakeholder engagements to discuss innovations in
funding for O&M from the LANMMA internally generated funds and
funds from levies such as those on school vendors (food, stationary) as
well as mainstreaming the O&M costs into PTA dues to ensure availability
of adequate long term fund for the O&M of the sanitation facilities.
The project should ensure that all outstanding electricity and water debts
of beneficiary institutions are paid and electricity and water connection
restored to disconnected institutions eg. Such as at Danfa MA Basic
School
The beneficiary institutions should ensure regular payment of electricity
and water bills to ensure continuous supply of water and electricity to the
facility.
- Programme for PTA, SMCs,
MMAs for fund raising for
payment of water supply and
electricity bills, and
maintenance of the facilities
- Audited accounts
- Receipts of payment of bills
Beneficiary
institution
Monthly MLGRD-PCU/
Municipal
Assembly/
Consultant/
Authorities of
Beneficiary
Institution/PTA
5. Poor maintenance
culture
The Engineering Consultant to include the relevant recommendations
in the ESMP in the Facilities Management Plan (FMP).
For clusters of schools, where various units are to share the same toilet
facility, the SHEP Coordinators of the individual schools should
coordinate to ensure that roles and responsibilities are clearly assigned
for the cleaning and maintenance of the facilities. This should be done
- Record of training and
awareness creation on
Facilities Management Plan
- Record of compliance with
Facilities Management Plan
- Records on major
-Beneficiary
institution
Monthly Authorities of
Institution /
SHEP
Coordinators/
PTA/ Municipal
Assembly
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Final ESMP _Construction of Institutional Sanitation Facilities. Page xvi
March 2017
No. Environmental/ Social
Component Proposed Mitigation Measures
Monitoring Parameters Monitoring
Site
Frequency Responsibility
(Implementation/
Supervision)
prior to commissioning of the facilities.
The assigned roles and responsibilities for the maintenance and
management of the facilities should be incorporated into the FMP by
the Engineering Consultant.
Comply with provisions in the FMP such as:
o Replace damaged equipment/materials with durable ones
during maintenance and repair works.
o The beneficiary schools should hire cleaners for the
sanitation facilities.
o Develop and implement a maintenance regime for the
facilities.
o Report major breakdown of facilities to the Municipal GES
Director.
o Educate and create awareness on proper use of facilities.
Ensure all staff are trained in the effective use and management of the
facilities, in collaboration with the Environmental Health and Sanitation
Department.
breakdowns including
leakages
- Availability of school hygiene
clubs
6. Lack of awareness of
the project information
Stakeholders should be invited to attend monthly progress meetings to be
constantly informed.
Before the project resumes, information of the proposed project
including its benefits should be explained to teachers, students and the
PTA.
- Monthly progress carried out
- Information provided to
teachers, students and the
PTA.
-Beneficiary
institution
Monthly SMC/ PTA/
Municipal SHEP
Committee
DECOMMISSIONING PHASE
1. Occupational/ public
safety and traffic
impacts
Personal protective gear are provided to workers involved with
decommissioning of facilities.
Toilet facilities are available throughout the decommissioning period.
Workers still have access to public toilet facilities in the communities or
can be conveyed to such facilities where needed, if mobile toilet facilities
have been relocated.
-Availability and proper use of PPEs -Adherence to health and safety procedures
-Records on frequency, type
and source of
-Project site -Daily Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
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No. Environmental/ Social
Component Proposed Mitigation Measures
Monitoring Parameters Monitoring
Site
Frequency Responsibility
(Implementation/
Supervision)
Final movement of vehicles and equipment comply with approved speed
limits within the communities.
All community complaints are resolved before handing over sanitation
project.
illness/accident/injury
2. Waste management Ensure that any remaining waste streams created during construction
activities and waste generated during decommissioning activities are
collected from the project sites and properly disposed before handing
over the project.
Inspect the site to ensure that the contractor has properly cleaned up all
construction sites before final payment is made to the contractor.
-Availability and use of bins
-Records on frequency and
location of waste disposal site
of domestic and construction
waste
-Project site -Daily Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
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Capacity Building and Other Requirements for Implementation of ESMP and Permit Conditions
Capacity building measures (refer to section 7.5 and Table 15) and other requirements proposed to
ensure effective implementation of the ESMP and environmental permit conditions are:
Training workshop and sensitization programmes for the Engineering Consultants; Contractors and their workers; school authorities and school children; LaNMMA Project Coordinator, Works Engineer, Planning Officer, Finance Officer; School SHEP Officers, Head of schools, PTAs and other key stakeholders on the ESMP and its implementation, EPA permit schedule and triggered World Bank Safeguards Policy; grievance redress mechanism, code of conduct for contractor and his workers, public health and safety
issues, ESMP Monitoring and reporting, sensitisation of workers on child sexual exploitation and HIV/AIDS, and environmental management
Induction on environmental, social occupational and public health and safety requirements of
the works;
Training for use and management of facilities;
Sensitization and awareness creation on use and management of facilities (interactive activity,
teaching, demonstrative activity for building habits & knowledge testing during classes, worship
time and assembly);
Site Meetings; and
Reporting.
Conclusion
LaNMMA and the Project Coordinating Unit of MLGRD are committed to ensuring sustainable
environmental management and safeguarding the health and safety of the construction workers,
pupils/teachers/staff/patients at the beneficiary institutions and the general public during the
implementation of the proposed project. LaNMMA is also aware of the provisions in the
Environmental Assessment Regulations 1999, LI 1652 and the World Bank Operational Policies.
In keeping with these laws, this ESMP has identified and assessed key environmental and social
impacts and concerns that may arise from the implementation of the proposed project. A
monitoring programme to help detect changes arising from the predicted adverse impacts has also
been presented in this ESMP. The recommendations outlined in the ESMP for the project will ensure
a high level of health, safety and environmental management for the proposed project.
It is estimated that the implementation of the ESMP in the La Nkwantanang Madina Municipality will
cost about GH¢269,700.00. However, the proposed project has the potential to provide numerous
benefits to the beneficiary institutions and the national economy. These include improved
sanitation, hygiene and waste management in the beneficiary institutions, improved access to
sanitation facilities for vulnerable groups and employment opportunities.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
The Government of Ghana (GoG) has received financing from the World Bank towards the cost of
implementation of the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) Sanitation and Water Project
(GAMA S&W Project).
The objective of the GAMA S&W Project is to increase access to improved sanitation and improved
water supply in the GAMA, with emphasis on low income communities; and to strengthen
management of environmental sanitation in the GAMA.
The GAMA Project supports eleven (11) Metropolitan and Municipal Assemblies (MMAs) spread
across the Greater Accra Region. The project has four components:
Component 1 – Provision of water and environmental sanitation services to priority low income
areas of GAMA;
Component 2 – Improvement and expansion of the water distribution network in the GAMA;
Component 3 – Improvement and expansion of waste water and faecal sludge collection,
transportation and treatment in GAMA; and
Component 4 – Institutional Strengthening.
Provision of improved sanitation and water supply facilities in schools in each of the eleven (11)
MMAs in GAMA, including hygiene education and campaigns for awareness raising and behavioural
changes in low income communities, is part of the strategies under Component 1 of the Project.
Most schools in GAMA are faced with poor access to quality sanitation. This posed various degrees
of risk to the pupils, teachers and other people within the area. The institutional sanitation
component seeks therefore to scale-up sanitation, hygiene and waste management in the
institutions.
Part of the Bank’s funds is to be used by the Metropolitan and Municipal Assemblies (MMAs) to
undertake construction of improved sanitation and water supply facilities in schools within their
jurisdiction where schools are faced with poor access to quality sanitation issues.
Ghana’s Environmental Assessment Regulations, 1999 (LI1652) requires that for any start-up project
which has potential to impact negatively on the environment and people, the undertaking should be
assessed for its environmental and social impacts, and the appropriate mitigation measures
identified prior to the undertaking for implementation. The Project has also triggered one of the
World Bank Safeguards policies: the Environmental Assessment Policy OP4.01. These require that
any potential environmental and social issues arising from the project implementation should be
mitigated.
The Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MLGRD), is committed to undertake the
construction activities in an environmentally and socially friendly manner, and in accordance with
the World Bank’s Policy on Environmental Assessment (OP4.01) and GAMA Sanitation and Water
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Project Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) guiding the Project as well as the
Environmental laws of Ghana.
MLGRD has therefore contracted Messrs SAL Consult Limited to prepare an Environmental and
Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the implementation of the proposed institutional sanitation
facilities in each of the eleven (11) MMAs. LaNMMA has registered the proposed project with the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in accordance with EAR 1999, LI 1652 and obtained
environmental permit.
This ESMP is prepared to guide the construction and operation of the institutional sanitation
facilities under the La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal Assembly (LaNMMA) in accordance with the
Environmental Assessment Regulations (EAR) 1999, LI 1652 and the World Bank’s Safeguards Policy
on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01).
1.2 Objectives/Purpose of the ESMP
The objective/purpose of this ESMP is to guide the effective mitigation and management of potential
environmental and social issues of the proposed construction and operation of institutional
sanitation facilities in LaNMMA. The specific objectives of the ESMP include the following:
Identification of possible direct and indirect significant adverse impacts associated with the
proposed interventions implementation in LaNMMA;
Assessment and evaluation of potential impacts of the proposed project on the biophysical and
human environment;
Provision of practical, socially acceptable, technically and economically feasible and
environmentally sustainable measures to address the potential adverse impacts; and
To comply with the World Bank’s Safeguards Policy on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01).
1.3 Approach and Methodology
The approach and methodology adopted for the study include:
Site inspections;
Stakeholder Consultation;
Review of available literature; and
Reporting.
1.3.1 Site Inspections
The Consultants visited some beneficiary institutions in LaNMMA from November 2016 to February
2017 to confirm the environmental and social issues and conditions to be affected or are likely to
develop from the implementation of the proposed project.
Due to time constraints, all beneficiary institutions in LaNMMA could not be visited. The Consultants
however selected a representative sample of institutions based on the environmental and social
issues identified from the environmental screening and the extent of construction works. This was
done in collaboration with the project proponents and the engineering consultant. The institutions
visited are listed in Section 1.3.2.
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The inspections covered the following:
the proposed construction sites and environs;
existing sanitation facilities in the beneficiary institutions (toilets, urinals and hand washing
facilities);
existing waste collection and disposal facilities and water supply facilities; and
construction works that have been done for institutions where construction has started.
For beneficiary institutions where some construction works have been done, the inspection also
ascertained the health and safety measures that had been put in place by the contractors, such as
hoarding of the sites and use of cautionary tapes and warning signs around excavations and
trenches. Plates 1 and 2 show pictures of site inspections at Danfa Methodist Basic School and
Otinibi MA Basic School.
Plate 1: Site inspection at Danfa Methodist Basic School
Plate 2: Site inspection at Otinibi MA Basic School
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1.3.2 Stakeholder Consultations
Stakeholder consultations, involving one-to-one meetings, emails and phone calls, were carried out
between November 2016 and February 2017 with some key stakeholders to obtain their comments
and concerns on the proposed project with respect to the potential environmental and socio-
economic issues and impacts that have been addressed in the study. This includes the project
proponents, some beneficiary institutions, engineering consultant and some contractors.
Details of the stakeholder consultations are presented in Chapter 5. Evidence of stakeholder
consultations are provided in Annex 1.
Stakeholder consultations have been carried out with the following key stakeholders:
Project proponents:
Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development/ Project Coordinating Unit
- Safeguards Specialist
La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal Assembly
- Municipal Engineer;
- GAMA Project Coordinator; and
- Head, Environmental Health & Sanitation Department.
Engineering Consultant
Training, Research and Network for Development (TREND) Group
- Resident Engineer (responsible for Safeguards); and
- Clerk of Works.
Contractor
Grumah Twins
- Site Supervisor
Beneficiary Institutions
WASH implementers (Head Teachers; SHEP Coordinators; representatives of School
Management Committee and Parent Teacher Association; school children including school
prefects and school health club executives) in the following institutions:
- Otinibi MA Basic School;
- Danfa Methodist Basic School;
- Kweiman Presby Primary School;
- Oyarifa Presby Kindergarten & Primary School; and
- WASS Experimental Junior High School (JHS) 1&2.
Madina Polyclinic (Kekele Polyclinic)
- Administrator
1.3.3 Review of Available Literature/project documents
The following project documents prepared by the Consultant (TREND) for LaNMMA were reviewed:
Baseline Study Report;
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Facilities Management Plan (FMP);
Engineering Design Report;
Facilities Assessment Report;
Pupil’s Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and Behaviours at School Level Report;
Institutional Assessment for WinS Implementation Report;
Monitoring and Evaluation Plan; and
Environmental permit schedule.
1.3.4 Reporting
The major headings of the report include the following:
a) Executive Summary;
b) Introduction;
c) Description of Proposed Project;
d) Relevant Policies, Legal and Administrative Frameworks;
e) Baseline Environmental and Social Conditions;
f) Stakeholder Consultation;
g) Description of Environmental and Social Impacts;
h) Environmental and Social Impact Mitigation and Management Plan;
i) Capacity Building Plan for Implementation of ESMP and Permit Conditions;
j) Conclusions;
k) Bibliography;
l) Annexes.
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2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT
2.1 Need for the Project
Most schools in GAMA are faced with poor access to quality sanitation. This is as a result of
inadequate toilet facilities to meet the schools’ population needs, poor condition of existing toilet
facilities, waste management challenges, lack of water, etc. This poses various degrees of health
risks to the pupils, teachers and other people within the area. There is therefore the urgent need to
improve sanitation facilities within schools/institutions.
The institutional sanitation component of the GAMA Project therefore seeks to scale-up sanitation,
hygiene and waste management in the institutions. The objective of the GAMA S&W Project is to
increase access to improved sanitation and improved water supply in GAMA, with emphasis on low
income communities and to strengthen management of environmental sanitation in GAMA. Part of
the World Bank’s funds is to be used by the Metropolitan and Municipal Assemblies to undertake
construction of improved sanitation and water supply facilities in schools/institutions within their
jurisdiction where the schools/institutions are faced with poor access to quality sanitation issues.
2.2 Beneficiary Institutions in LaNMMA and their Locations
The beneficiary Municipal Assembly is the La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal Assembly (LaNMMA).
Twenty (20) institutions have been selected in LaNMMA to benefit from the proposed sanitation
facilities under the project. These include nineteen (19) schools and one (1) health facility. The
details of the beneficiary institutions in LaNMMA (including the names of institutions, location, GPS
coordinates and land area) are provided in Table 1. Figure 1 shows a map of LaNMMA and the
locations of the beneficiary institutions.
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Table 1: Details of Beneficiary Institutions in LaNMMA
No. Name of Institution Location GPS Coordinates Land Area (m2)
1. La Nkwatanang Cluster of Schools Nkwatanang 05.68229°N; 000.17012°W 460m2
2. Danfa Methodist Basic School Danfa 05.79004°N; 000.15954°W 290m2
3. Fire Armour Basic Madina 05.67491°N; 000.15954°W 330m2
4. Umar Bun Hatab Basic School Madina Zongo 05.67553°N; 000.17908°W 210m2
5. Baba Yara I,2 Primary & KG Baba Yara 05.68287°N; 000.15641°W 180m2
6. Madina Estate Basic Madina Estate 05.66652°N; 000.15755°W 190m2
7. Baba Yara JHS Baba Yara 05.68231°N; 000.15644°W 130m2
8. Madina Cluster of Schools Madina 05.67605°N; 000.16332°W 430m2
9. Queen of Peace Basic
Madina Old
Road
05.67484°N; 000.16711°W 195m2
10. Presec Estate Cluster Legon 5°39’59.6268”;
0°10’15.4092”
290m2
11. WASS Experimental Primary West Adenta 05.701210°N; 00.17687°W 290m2
12. WASS Experimental JHS 1&2 West Adenta 05.70078°N; 000.17963°W 190m2
13. Pantang Presby KG & MA Basic Pantang 05.72934°N; 000.19423°W 150m2
Very close to KG block, therefore possibility of posing health threat on KG pupils in future.
Abandoned due to contractual issues.
2 Madina SDA 459 Boys 540 Girls
9 Males 32 Females
7-seater KVIP
Not fully operational
Frequent desludging due to soil impermeability
The only toilet available for the school.
Frequent desludging poses a lot of financial burden on the school.
3 Fire Armour Basic 545 Boys 761 Girls
17 Males 55 Females
6-seater KVIP
Not in use Dilapidated and abandoned
No other toilet exists.
Some students hide to use the toilet.
Requires demolishing since the stench disturbs nearby classes.
4 Umar Bun Hatab 705 Boys 888 Girls
12 Males 43 Females
No Toilet exists
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No. School Population Type and size Usage Condition Comments
Pupils Teachers
5 Baba Yara I,2 & KG 332 Boys 451 Girls
6 Males 23 Females
6-seater KVIP
Not in use Structurally sound but abandoned
The area is lowlying
Inside gets flooded any time there is heavy down pour.
Squat holes are too small.
6-seater WC Not fully operational
Good (Does not need major rehabilitation works)
The area is lowlying
Continues manual flushing could cause blockage and render the whole system non-functional.
6 Madina Estate Basic 633 Boys 795 Girls
8 Males 17 Females
4No. 6-seater WC (incorporated in classroom block)
Not in use Structurally sound but abandoned due to lack of flow of water and non-existence of septic tank
Requires repair of some defects in structural components (roofs, walls, slabs, etc.).
Replacement of defective doors, windows, and plumbing fittings including painting and tiling.
7 Baba Yara JHS 158 Boys 204 Girls
7 Males 11 Females
6-seater WC Not fully operational
Structurally sound but not functioning due to lack of flow of water
The area is lowlying
Requires repair of defects in structural components (roofs, walls, slabs, etc.
Replacement of defective doors, windows, and plumbing fittings.
Re-painting and tiling of floors and walls.
8 Madina Cluster of Schools
705 Boys 888 Girls
32 Males 62 Females
6-seater KVIP In use Good (Does not need major rehabilitation works)
Toilet was constructed for special students (Disability students), however the design is not disability friendly.
12-seater WC Not fully operational
Good (Does not need major rehabilitation works) lack of flow of water
Newly constructed toilet, however, it is not functioning fully due to lack of flow of flushing water.
It is normally closed to students because it cost the school more to buy water to feed the overhead storage tank.
5-seater WC Not in use Dilapidated and abandoned
Some students hide to use the toilet.
Requires demolishing since the odour disturbs nearby classes.
6-seater WC Not fully operational
Structurally sound but not functioning due to lack of flow of water
Requires repair of defects in structural components (roofs, walls, slabs, etc.).
Replacement of defective doors, windows, and plumbing fittings including painting and tiling.
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No. School Population Type and size Usage Condition Comments
Pupils Teachers
9 Queen of Peace Basic 423 Boys 504 Girls
4 Males 25 Females
6-seater KVIP Not in use Dilapidated and abandoned
Toilet is locked.
It has to be demolished since structural components are very weak.
4-seater WC In use Good (Does not need major rehabilitation works)
Functioning fully.
Used by only teachers.
6-seater WC In use Good (Does not need major rehabilitation works)
Functioning fully.
Rooms are poorly kept.
10 Presec Estate Cluster 2173 Boys 1930 Girls
40 Males 111 Females
8No. 8-seater WC (incorporated in classroom blocks)
Not fully operational
Structurally sound but abandoned due to lack of flow of water and nonexistence of septic tank
Requires repair of defects in structural components (roofs, walls, slabs, etc.).
Replacement of defective doors, windows, and plumbing fittings.
Re-painting and tiling of floors and walls.
11 WASS Experimental Primary
429 Boys 537 Girls
5 Males 24 Females
8-seater KVIP In use Needs major rehabilitation works
Shared with community.
Located outside school compound.
12 WASS Experimental JHS 1&2
216 Boys 212 Girls
10 Males 10 Females
8-seater KVIP In use Good (Does not need major rehabilitation works)
Functioning fully but toilet rooms are poorly kept.
13 Pantang Presby Basic School
280 Boys 205 Girls
3 Males 10 Females
6-seater WC Not fully operational
Structurally sound but not functioning due to lack of flow of water
Requires repair of defects in structural components (roofs, walls, slabs, etc.
Replacement of defective doors, windows, and plumbing fittings.
Re-painting and tiling of floors and walls.
14
Pantang MA Basic School
228 Boys 283Girls
3 Males 12 Females
8-seater KVIP In use Good (Does not need major rehabilitation works)
Functioning fully but toilet rooms are poorly kept.
15 Oyarifa Presby KG & '1' & '2' Primary
392 Boys 398 Girls
3 Males 19 Females
8-seater KVIP In use Good (Does not need major rehabilitation works)
Functioning fully but toilet rooms are poorly kept.
4-seater KVIP In use Good (Does not need major rehabilitation works)
Functioning fully.
16 Ayi Mensah MA Primary
53 Boys 41 Girls
1 Males 6 Females
4-seater KVIP In use Good (Does not need major rehabilitation works)
Functioning fully.
17 Oyarifa Presby JHS 90 Boys 115 Girls
3 Males 9 Females
6-seater KVIP In use Good (Does not need major rehabilitation works)
Functioning fully but toilet rooms are poorly kept.
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No. School Population Type and size Usage Condition Comments
Pupils Teachers
18 Otinibi MA Basic 240 Boys 230 Girls
4 Males 16 Females
8&4-seater KVIP Not fully operational
Good (Does not need major rehabilitation works)
Functioning fully but toilet rooms are poorly kept.
19 Danfa Methodist Basic 392Boys
417 Girls
7 Males
20 Females
4-seater KVIP In use Good (No Rehabilitation
required)
Functioning fully but toilet rooms are
poorly kept.
6-seater KVIP In use Good (No Rehabilitation
required)
Functioning fully but toilet rooms are
poorly kept.
20 Kweiman Presby Primary 288 Boys
308 Girls
8 Males
11 Females
4-seater KVIP Not fully operational
Structurally sound but abandoned
The area is lowlying
Inside gets flooded any time there is heavy down pour.
6-seater KVIP In use Good (No Rehabilitation
required)
Functioning fully but toilet rooms are
poorly kept.
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2.4 Proposed Sanitation Facilities to be provided by Project
The overview sanitation facilities to be provided in the selected institutions in LaNMMA under the
proposed project are as follows:
Construction of pour-flash toilets (for students) and water closets (for teachers and disabled)
with septic tank, urinals, hand washing facilities and changing room for girls;
Construction of high and ground level tank platforms including installation of water storage poly
tanks and surface pumps to supply water to the toilet facilities;
Rehabilitation of existing water closet (WC) toilets;
Water connection from Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) supply main lines to toilet
facilities; and
Construction of waste storage and collection shed.
Construction works are expected to be carried out over a period of 8 months. The specific sanitation
facilities to be provided under the project in each of the beneficiary institutions is provided in Table
3.
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Table 3: Details of Sanitation Facilities to be provided by the Project
No. School Location Proposed Interventions
1 La Nkwantanang Cluster
Nkwantanang
Toilet, Urinal, Handwashing and Girls Changing Room
Construction of 1No. 2-Storey 24-seater pour flush toilet with urinals, girls changing rooms and hand washing facilities
Construction of 2No. 12-seater pour flush toilet with urinals, girls changing rooms and hand washing facilities
Rehabilitation of existing 12-seater WC toilet
Rehabilitation of existing 3No. 1-seater WC toilets
Water Supply and Storage
Connection to GWCL Pipe line
1No. 10,000L PVC tank on 6m high concrete support
1No. 10,000L PVC tank on 600mm high concrete support above ground level including installation of surface pump.
4No. 3,000L PVC tank incorporated in roof of new toilet
Solid Waste Management
Supply 90No. 15L Bins for classrooms
Supply 55No. 25L Bins for outside
Supply 15No. 240L Bins for on-site storage
Construction of waste storage and collection shed
Sign service contract with private waste management company
2 Madina SDA
Madina
Toilet, Urinal, Handwashing and Girls Changing Room
Construction of 2No.12-seater WC with urinals, girls changing rooms and hand washing facilities
Water Supply and Storage
Connection to GWCL service lines
1No. 10,000L PVC tank on 600mm high concrete support above ground level including installation of surface pump.
2No. 3,000L PVC tank incorporated in roof of new toilet
Solid Waste Management
Supply 30No. 15L Bins for classrooms
Supply 10No. 25L Bins for outside
Supply 5No. 240L Bins for on-site storage
Construction of waste storage and collection shed
Sign service contract with private waste management company
3 Fire Armour Basic
Madina
Toilet, Urinal, Handwashing and Girls Changing Room
Construction of 2No. 6-seater pour flush toilet with urinals, girls changing rooms and hand washing facilities
Construction of 1No. 3-Storey 18-seater pour flush toilet with urinals, girls changing rooms and hand washing facilities to link existing 3-storey Classroom block
Water Supply and Storage
Connection to GWCL service lines
1No. 10,000L PVC tank on 600mm high concrete support above ground level including installation of surface pump
4No. 3,000L PVC tank incorporated in roof of new toilet
Solid Waste Management
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No. School Location Proposed Interventions
Supply 30No. 15L Bins for classrooms
Supply 15No. 25L Bins for outside
Supply 10No. 240L Bins for on-site storage
Construction of waste storage and collection shed
Sign service contract with private waste management company
4 Umar Bun Hatab
Madina Zongo
Toilet, Urinal, Handwashing and Girls Changing Room
Construction of 2No. 5-seater pour flush toilet with urinals, girls changing rooms and hand washing facilities
1
Water Supply and Storage
Connection to GWCL service lines
2No. 3000L PVC tank incorporated in roof of new toilet
Solid Waste Management
Supply 25No. 15L Bins for classrooms
Supply 10No. 25L Bins for outside
Supply 5No. 240L Bins for on-site storage
Construction of waste storage and collection shed
Sign service contract with private waste management company
5
Baba Yara I,2 & KG
Baba Yara
Toilet, Urinal, Handwashing and Girls Changing Room
Construction of 2No. 8-seater pour flush toilet with Duraplast plastic septic tank, urinals, girls changing rooms and hand washing facilities
Installation of Duraplast Plastic septic tanks to replace existing septic tank
Water Supply and Storage
Connection to GWCL service lines
1No. 10,000L PVC tank on 600mm high concrete support above ground level including installation of surface pump
2No. 3,000L PVC tank incorporated in roof of new toilet
Solid Waste Management
Supply 20No. 15L Bins for classrooms
Supply 10No. 25L Bins for outside
Supply 5No. 240L Bins for on-site storage
Construction of waste storage and collection shed
Sign service contract with private waste management company
Other interventions
Construction of walkway to link washrooms and classroom blocks due to waterlog condition of the area.
6 Madina
Estate Basic Madina Estate
Toilet, Urinal, Handwashing and Girls Changing Room
1 Proposed toilets seats are inadequate due site constraints.
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No. School Location Proposed Interventions
Construction of 1No. 2-Storey 24-seater pour flush toilet with urinals, girls changing rooms and hand washing facilities to link existing 2-storey Classroom block
Rehabilitation of existing 4No 6-seater WC toilets incorporated into existing classroom block
Construction of septic tank for existing toilets
Water Supply and Storage
Connection to GWCL service lines
1No. 10,000L PVC tank on 600mm high concrete support above ground level including installation of surface pump
4No. 3,000L PVC tank mounted on existing concrete roof
Solid Waste Management
Supply 30No. 15L Bins for classrooms
Supply 15No. 25L Bins for outside
Supply 5No. 240L Bins for on-site storage
Construction of waste storage and collection shed
Sign service contract with private waste management company
7 Baba Yara JHS
Baba Yara
Toilet, Urinal, Handwashing and Girls Changing Room
Construction of 1No. 10-seater pour flush toilet with Duraplast plastic septic tank, urinals, girls changing rooms and hand washing facilities for girls and female teachers
Rehabilitation of 6-seater WC toilet for boys and male teachers
Installation of Duraplast existing plastic septic tanks to replace existing septic tank
Water Supply and Storage
Connection to GWCL service lines
1No. 10,000L PVC tank on 600mm high concrete support above ground level including installation of surface pump
2
2No. 3,000L PVC tank incorporated in roof of new toilet and existing tank support
Solid Waste Management
Supply 12No. 15L Bins for classrooms
Supply 6No. 25L Bins for outside
Supply 3No. 240L Bins for on-site storage
Construction of waste storage and collection shed
Sign service contract with private waste management company
8 Madina Cluster of Schools
Madina
Toilet, Urinal, Handwashing and Girls Changing Room
Construction of 4No. 10-seater pour flush toilet with urinals, girls changing rooms and hand washing facilities
Rehabilitation of existing 6-seater WC toilet
Water Supply and Storage
Connection to GWCL service lines
1No. 10,000L PVC tank on 6m high concrete support
2 This is provisional, and will only be provided when test result proves that GWCL supply pressure is not
enough to feed the overhead tanks
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No. School Location Proposed Interventions
1No. 10,000L PVC tank on 600mm high concrete support above ground level including installation of surface pump
4No. 3,000L PVC tank incorporated in roof of new toilet
Solid Waste Management
Supply 55No. 15L Bins for classrooms
Supply 40No. 25L Bins for outside
Supply 15No. 240L Bins for on-site storage
Construction of waste storage and collection shed
Sign service contract with private waste management company
9 Queen of Peace Basic
Madina Old Road
Toilet, Urinal, Handwashing and Girls Changing Room
Construction of 2No. 6-seater pour flush toilet with urinals, girls changing rooms and hand washing facilities
Water Supply and Storage
Connection to GWCL service lines
2No. 3000L PVC tank incorporated in roof of new toilet
Solid Waste Management
Supply 25No. 15L Bins for classrooms
Supply 10No. 25L Bins for outside
Supply 5No. 240L Bins for on-site storage
Sign service contract with private waste management company
10 Presec Estate Cluster
Legon
Toilet, Urinal, Handwashing and Girls Changing Room
Construction of 2No. 12-seater pour flush toilet with urinals, girls changing rooms and hand washing facilities
Rehabilitation of existing 8No. 8-seater WC toilet including girls changing rooms
Water Supply and Storage
Connection to GWCL service lines
1No. 10,000L PVC tank on 6m high concrete support
2No. 10,000L PVC tank on 600mm high concrete support above ground level including installation of 2No. surface pump
5No. 3,000L PVC tank incorporated in roof of new and existing toilets
Solid Waste Management
Supply 90No. 15L Bins for classrooms
Supply 60No. 25L Bins for outside
Supply 15No. 240L Bins for on-site storage
Construction of waste storage and collection shed
Sign service contract with private waste management company
11 WASS Experimental Primary
West Adenta
Toilet, Urinal, Handwashing and Girls Changing Room
Construction of 2No. 12-seater pour flush toilet with urinals, girls changing rooms and hand washing facilities
Water Supply and Storage
Connection to GWCL service lines
1No. 10,000L PVC tank on 600mm high concrete support above ground level including installation of surface pump
2No. 3,000L PVC tank incorporated in roof of new toilet
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No. School Location Proposed Interventions
Solid Waste Management
Supply 18No. 25L Bins for classrooms
Supply 8No. 25L Bins for outside
Supply 5No. 240L Bins for on-site storage
Construction of waste storage and collection shed
Sign service contract with private waste management company
12 WASS
Experimental JHS 1&2
West Adenta
Toilet, Urinal, Handwashing and Girls Changing Room
Construction of 1No. 2-storey 16-seater pour flush toilet with urinals, girls changing rooms and hand washing facilities
Water Supply and Storage
Connection to GWCL service lines
1No. 10,000L PVC tank on 600mm high concrete support above ground level including installation of surface pump
3
2No. 3,000L PVC tank incorporated in roof of new toilet
Solid Waste Management
Supply 15No. 15L Bins for classrooms
Supply 8No. 25L Bins for outside
Supply 5No. 240L Bins for on-site storage
Construction of waste storage and collection shed
Sign service contract with Private Waste Management company
13 Pantang
Presby & MA Basic
Pantang
Toilet, Urinal, Handwashing and Girls Changing Room
Construction of 1No. 2-Storey 20-seater pour flush toilet with urinals, girls changing rooms and hand washing facilities
Rehabilitation of existing 6-seater WC toilet
Water Supply and Storage
Connection to GWCL service lines
1No. 10,000L PVC tank on 600mm high concrete support above ground level including installation of surface pump
2No. 3,000L PVC tank incorporated in roof of new and existing toilets
Solid Waste Management
Supply 40No. 15L Bins for classrooms
Supply 30No. 25L Bins for outside
Supply 15No. 240L Bins for on-site storage
Construction of waste storage and collection shed
Sign service contract with private waste management company
14 Oyarifa
Presby KG & Primary 1,2
Oyarifa
Toilet, Urinal, Handwashing and Girls Changing Room
Construction of 2No. 10-seater pour flush toilet with urinals, girls changing rooms and hand washing facilities
Water Supply and Storage
Connection to GWCL service lines
3 This is provisional, and will only be provided when test result proves that GWCL supply pressure is not
enough to feed the overhead tanks
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No. School Location Proposed Interventions
1No. 10,000L PVC tank on 600mm high concrete support above ground level including installation of surface pump
2No. 3,000L PVC tank incorporated in roof of new toilet
Solid Waste Management
Supply 18No. 15L Bins for classrooms
Supply 8No. 25L Bins for outside
Supply 5No. 240L Bins for on-site storage
Construction of waste storage and collection shed
15
Teiman St James
Anglican Basic
4
Teiman
Toilet, Urinal, Handwashing and Girls Changing Room
Construction of 2No. 10-seater pour flush toilet with Duraplast septic tank, urinals, girls changing rooms and hand washing facilities
Water Supply and Storage
Connection to GWCL service lines
1No. 10,000 PVC tank on 600mm high concrete support above ground level including installation of surface pump
2No. 3,000L PVC tank incorporated in roof of new toilet
Solid Waste Management
Supply 18No. 15L Bins for classrooms
Supply 8No. 25L Bins for outside
Construction of waste storage and collection shed
Supply 5No. 240L Bins for on-site storage
16 Oyarifa
Presby JHS
Oyarifa
Toilet, Urinal, Handwashing and Girls Changing Room
Construction of 1No. 10-seater pour flush toilet with urinals, girls changing rooms and hand washing facilities
Water Supply and Storage
Connection to GWCL service lines
1No. 10,000L PVC tank on 600mm high concrete support above ground level including installation of surface pump
2No. 1,500L PVC tank incorporated in roof of new toilet
Solid Waste Management
Supply 15No. 15L Bins for classrooms
Supply 8No. 25L Bins for outside
Supply 5No. 240L Bins for on-site storage
Construction of waste storage and collection shed
17 Otinibi MA
Basic
Otinibi
Toilet, Urinal, Handwashing and Girls Changing Room
Construction of 2No. 8-seater pour flush toilet with urinals, girls changing rooms and hand washing facilities
Water Supply and Storage
Connection to GWCL service lines
1No. 10,000L PVC tank on 600mm high concrete support above ground level including installation of surface pump
2No. 3,000L PVC tank incorporated in roof of new toilet
4 Water table at this school is very high
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No. School Location Proposed Interventions
Solid Waste Management
Supply 30No. 15L Bins for classrooms
Supply 15No. 25L Bins for outside
Supply 10No. 240L Bins for on-site storage
Construction of waste storage and collection shed
18
Danfa Methodist Basic
Danfa
Toilet, Urinal, Handwashing and Girls Changing Room
Construction of 2No. 12-seater pour flush toilet with urinals, girls changing rooms and hand washing facilities
Water Supply and Storage
Connection to GWCL service lines
1No. 10,000L PVC tank on 600mm high concrete support above ground level including installation of surface pump
2No. 3,000L PVC tank incorporated in roof of new toilet
Solid Waste Management
Supply 30No. 15L Bins for classrooms
Supply 15No. 25L Bins for outside
Supply 10No. 240L Bins for on-site storage
Construction of waste storage and collection shed
19
Kweiman Presby Primary
Kweiman
Toilet, Urinal, Handwashing and Girls Changing Room
Construction of 2No. 10-seater pour flush toilet with urinals, girls changing rooms and hand washing facilities
Water Supply and Storage
Connection to GWCL service lines
1No. 10,000L PVC tank on 600mm high concrete support above ground level including installation of surface pump
2No. 3,000L PVC tank incorporated in roof of new toilet
Solid Waste Management
Supply 20No. 15L Bins for classrooms
Supply 12No. 25L Bins for outside
Supply 10No. 240L Bins for on-site storage
Construction of waste storage and collection shed
20
Kekele Polyclinic (Madina Polyclinic)
Madina
Toilet and Urinal
Construction of 1No. 6-seater pour flush toilet with urinals, shower and hand washing facilities
Water Supply, Storage and Hand washing
Mechanization of existing borehole
1No. 3,000L PVC tank incorporated in roof of new toilet
1No. 10,000L PVC tank on 6m high concrete support
Solid Waste Management
Supply 20No. 15L Bins for outside
Supply 10No. 240L Bins for on-site storage
Sign service contract with private waste management company
Waste storage and collection shed
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2.5 Description of Key Features of Proposed Sanitation Facilities
The Girls Changing Room
This is a room in the female toilet set aside as a private place for female pupils in their menses to go
and change their menstrual materials and freshen up whilst they are in school. The changing room
will provide a private space that is hygienic and user-friendly for female pupils to change during their
menses. The changing room will have a ‘wet’ and a ‘dry’ area. The ‘wet’ area will provide
convenience for a user who has to literally wash down and the ‘dry’ area will be for users who only
require to freshen up. Facilities in the changing room include;
o Used Menstrual Materials collection point: The room will have a point for the collection of all
used menstrual materials. Used materials will be kept there temporally until they are
appropriately disposed.
o Hand washing basin with soap.
o Tap
o Fixed Hangers: These will be provided to hang dresses only if need be.
o Mirrors
The Disability-Friendly Room
The entire toilet blocks will be disability friendly with ramps and guide rails to allow easy access for
wheelchairs and physically disabled persons. Both boys' and girls' toilets will have at least one
cubicle dedicated to the disabled. The cubicles are designed with the necessary supports to assist a
physically-challenged person to use the facility without assistance. Where appropriate, the first
cubicles from the entrance in each toilet will have these enhancements to ensure that a disabled
user does not have to manoeuvre extensively from the entrance to get to the disable-friendly room.
The disability-friendly cubicle will have:
o appropriate hand rail fittings
o low level WC Suites (where these are used)
o concrete ramps with wheel and clutch guides for easy access
o larger room size and doors for manoeuvrability
o no sharp ends
Child (minor) Friendly rooms
This room will be provided to specifically cater for children less than 5/6 years who are now
familiarizing themselves with the use of toilet systems. It would be provided with small squatting
bowls (in the case of WC or Pour Flush facilities). Child-friendly rooms will only be provided in
schools where the Kindergarten does not have separate toilet facilities.
Integrated Urinals
Each toilet block will have an integrated urinal. Integrating the urinal is intended to reduce pressure
on the main toilet cubicles. The girls' urinal is designed to allow girls to urinate into a groove that
ergonomically fits their anatomical structure such that they do not soil their underwear or get urine
splashed on their feet while urinating. Water from hand washing basins will be connected to the
urinals to aid cleaning.
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Hand washing facilities
All the designs are provided with both internal and external hand washing facilities strategically
placed to promote active hand washing practice at all times. The external hand washing will also
control unnecessary entry into the facility just to wash hands. To cater for the disabled or physically-
challenged and minors, the height of the sinks and taps would be variable. All taps will be quarter-
turn taps which are more user-friendly for the physically impaired and can be operated with elbows
or other body parts. This tap designs also greatly reduce the incidence of cross contamination. The
number of hand washing basins provided in each facility will depend on the number of toilet cubicles
in the facility.
Teachers’ Privy Room
Separate privy rooms with separate entrances will be provided for teachers and other adult users.
The teacher’s privy rooms will have conventional sitting WC bowls to enable users with problems
squatting access them. Privy rooms will be fitted with hand washing basins.
Squatting Type WC
Apart from the KVIP model, all the other toilet types will be fitted with squat bowls instead of the
conventional WC seats. These are less susceptible to damage, more hygienic for the target users and
use less water than the conventional WCs, and also reduces wastewater disposal into the septic
tanks.
Store Room
A storage facility is provided in each design for storage of various sanitary wares including cleaning
materials, buckets, brooms, detergents, brushes, dusters, rages, etc.
Security
Security is a key feature of each design. Access into each facility is strictly through the lockable front
doors. Bugler proofing is an added feature to secure the entrance into the facility. The use of high
level windows also discourage access through the windows. This high level of security is to protect
the facility from unauthorized users.
Wastewater Treatment and Disposal System
Septic Tanks: A conventional septic tank system will be used for collection and treatment of
black water in the WC and Pour Flush facilities.
Duraplast Septic Tanks: These will be used in schools where latrine sites have challenging ground
conditions such as rocky, clayey or waterlogged areas (high water table).
Separate Soakaway
Wastewater from the urinals and hand washing basins would not be channelled to the septic tank
but to a soak away constructed for that purpose. To prevent blockage of the soakaway, a
sedimentation chamber attached to the soakaway will be provided.
Drainage
Gutters will be constructed around each facility to carry excess runoff from the facility. Where there
are existing drains, the gutters will be channelled into them. Where there are no drains, runoff will
be directed from the gutters to follow the natural waterway.
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Lighting and Ventilation
The primary source of illumination in all the design options is through natural light. Provision is also
made for artificial lighting through energy saving bulbs as a secondary source. To achieve this, a
minimum of 20% of the total wall area of each facility will be windows without compromising on the
privacy in the cubicles. In areas where accessibility to electricity supply from the national utility is
not possible, solar panels would be installed to supply electricity to the facility.
Water Supply
Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) supply is available in the municipality. Water supply to the
facilities will therefore be from the GWCL source. The success of the proposed GAMA Project
institutional sanitation facilities hinges heavily on readily available water at the beneficiary
institutions and for use at the toilets. As such, the project design incorporates, in addition to
connecting GWCL water supply lines to the sanitation facilities, provision of overhead poly tanks and
surface pumps to store sufficient water to provide continuous water supply to the facilities even
when GWCL supply is temporarily unavailable. These project features will be in place prior to the
commissioning and handing over of the sanitation facilities.
The roof style in all the design options can be utilized advantageously for rainwater harvesting. Eave
gutters and the necessary piping to a storage facility can easily be installed in special cases where
piped water needs to be supplemented. Where this is desired as a substitute water supply option,
no real modifications have to be made to the facility.
Solid Waste Management
In-classroom collection of solid waste is virtually non-existent among the beneficiary schools and
generally in the municipality. To avoid littering, each classroom, staff offices, canteens, workshops
and laboratories would be supplied with bins. Aside this, other bins will be strategically placed on
the school compound. Waste collected with these bins will be stored temporarily in on-site storage
bins before final collection by waste management company.
2.6 Labour and Related Issues
The project construction activities will require less than ten (10.No) workers per site therefore
labour influx from distant communities’ will not be required. Workers will be employed from among
artisans in the local community and will return to their homes after completion of their daily
assignments.
The conduct of workers on site will be guided by the model code of ethics provided in Annex 2 to be
adopted by the contractor. The working hours will as much as possible be limited to non –school
periods to minimize the interaction between students and construction workers and will therefore
avoid exposure of students to any indecent behavior that may be exhibited by the workers.
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3.0 RELEVANT POLICIES, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS
The relevant national and sector policies and plans, national legal and institutional frameworks and
World Bank safeguards policies to guide the proposed construction of institutional sanitation
facilities in Metropolitan and Municipal assemblies to ensure sustainable development and
compliance with national and international regulations are briefly described below.
3.1 Policy Framework
The National Environment Policy (2013)
The Ghana National Environmental Policy was formulated in 1995 and revised in 2013. The ultimate
aim of the National Environmental Policy of Ghana is to improve the surroundings, living conditions
and the quality of life of the entire citizenry, both present and future. It seeks to promote
sustainable development through ensuring a balance between economic development and natural
resource conservation. The policy thus makes a high quality environment a key element supporting
the country’s economic and social development.
The National Environmental Sanitation Policy dated April 2010
The revised environmental sanitation policy seeks to refocus the priorities of the sector, so it is
forward looking and effectively embraces the challenges of changing life-styles associated with
modernization and improving wealth status. The policy lays the basis for developing a systematic
approach and framework for identifying and harnessing resources for value-for-money (economy,
effectiveness and efficiency) services to all.
The Community Water Supply and Sanitation Programme (1994)
The Government has adopted a national water supply and sanitation programme to rationalize the
water sector to promote and improve the delivery of water services in terms of economy, efficiency,
effectiveness and satisfaction. The long term goals of the programme are generally directed at
covering the entire country with potable water and adequate sewage disposal system by the year
2020 with emphasis on payment of adequate tariffs by consumers to ensure full cost recovery and to
provide revenue for operations and maintenance and replacement of systems.
National Health Policy (2007)
The National Health Policy document which aims at creating wealth through health, among other
things places emphasis on improvements in personal hygiene, immunisation of mothers and
children. The National Health Policy also argues that a healthy population could only be achieved if
there were improvements in environmental hygiene and sanitation, proper housing and town
planning, provision of safe water, safe food and nutrition and encouragement of regular physical
exercise.
3.2 National Regulatory Framework
The Constitution of the Republic of Ghana (1992)
The Constitution includes some provisions to protect the right of individuals to private property, and
also sets principles under which citizens may be deprived of their property in the public interest
(described in Articles 18 and 20). Article 18 provides that “…Every person has the right to own
property either alone or in association with others.”
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In Article 20, the Constitution describes the circumstances under which compulsory acquisition of
immovable properties in the public interest can be done:
“No property of any description, or interest in, or right over any property shall be compulsorily taken
possession of or acquired by the State unless the following conditions are satisfied:
The taking of possession or acquisition is necessary in the interest of defence, public safety,
public order, public morality, public health, town and country planning or the development
or utilization of property in such a manner as to promote the public benefit; and
The necessity for the acquisition is clearly stated and is such as to provide reasonable
justification for causing any hardship that may result to any person who has an interest in or
right over the property.”
Article 20 of the Constitution provides further conditions under which compulsory acquisition may
take place: no property “shall be compulsorily taken possession of or acquired by the State” unless it
is, amongst other purposes, “to promote the public benefit (Clause 1).
Ghana Investment Promotion Centre Act 1994, Act 478
The Ghana Investment Promotion Centre Act 1994 (Act 478) requires that every investor wishing to
invest in the country must in its appraisal of proposed investment projects or enterprises, “…have
regard to any effect the enterprise is likely to have on the environment and measures proposed for
the prevention and control of any harmful effects to the environment...”.
Environmental Protection Agency Act 1994, Act 490
The Environmental Protection Agency Act 1994 (Act 490) gave mandate to the Agency to ensure
compliance of all investments and undertakings with laid down Environmental Assessment (EA)
procedures in the planning and execution of development projects, including compliance in respect
of existing ones.
Environmental Assessment Regulations 1999, LI 1652
The Environmental Assessment Regulations 1999 (LI 1652) enjoins any proponent or person to
register an undertaking with the Agency and obtain an Environmental Permit prior to
commencement of the project.
Fees and Charges (Amendment) Instrument 2015 (LI 2228)
The Fees and Charges (Amendment) Instrument 2015 (L.I. 2228) replaces the Fees and Charges
(Amendment) Instrument, 2014 (LI 2216), and gives regulation to the fees and charges
(Miscellaneous Provision) Act 2009, Act 793. The law provides a comprehensive rates, fees and
charges collectable by Ministries, Department and Agencies (MDAs) for goods and services delivered
to the public.
Water Resources Commission Act 1996, Act 522
The Water Resources Commission Act 1996 (Act 522) establishes and mandates the Water Resources
Commission as the sole agent responsible for the regulation and management and the utilisation of
water resources and for the co-ordination of any policy in relation to them. Section 13 prohibits the
use of water (divert, dam, store, abstract or use water resources or construct or maintain any works
for the use of water resources) without authority. The Act states under Section 24 that any person
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who pollutes or fouls a water resource beyond the level that the EPA may pre-scribe, commits an
offence and is liable on conviction to a fine or a term of imprisonment or both.
GWCL Act/Statutory Corporations (Conversion to Companies) Act 461 of 1993 (as amended by LI
1648)
The Statutory Corporations (Conversion to Companies) Act 461 of 1993 as amended by LI 1648, on
1st July 1999, transformed Ghana Water and Sewage Corporation into a 100% state owned limited
liability, Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL), with the responsibility for urban water supply only.
The mandate of GWCL is to provide, distribute and conserve the supply of water in Ghana for public,
domestic and industrial purposes in urban communities. GWCL may, after giving notice to the owner
or occupier of any land or premises, enter on that land or premises and dig trenches, lay pipes and
do any other acts reasonably necessary for the carrying out its functions.
Local Government Act, 1993 Act 462
This Act establishes and regulates the local government system and gives authority to the Regional
Coordinating Council (RCC) and the District Assembly to exercise political and administrative power
in the Regions and District, provide guidance, give direction to, and supervise all other administrative
authorities in the regions and district respectively. The Assembly is mandated to initiate programmes
for the development of basic infrastructure and provide municipal works and services as well as
being responsible for the development, improvement and management of human settlements and
the environment in the district.
Lands (Statutory Wayleaves) Act, 1963 (Act 186)
The Lands (Statutory Wayleaves) Act, 1963 (Act 186) details the process involved in the occupation
of land for the purpose of the construction, installation and maintenance of works of public utility,
and for the creation of rights of way for such works. Further to this act, the statutory wayleave
registration 1964 provides procedural details and grievance redress mechanism.
The State Lands Act, 1963 (Act 125)
The Act 125 vests the authority to acquire land for the public interest in the President of the
Republic. It also gives responsibility for registering a claim on the affected person or group of
persons, and provides details of the procedure to do this. The State Lands Act, 1962 provides some
details to be taken into consideration when calculating compensation such as definitions for (1) cost
of disturbance, (2) market value, (3) replacement value, and so on.
Lands Commission Act, 2008 (Act 767)
This Act provides for the management of public lands and other lands and for related matters. The
Commission manages public lands and any other lands vested in the President by the Constitution or
by any other enactment or the lands vested in the Commission. The Act advises the Government,
local authorities and traditional authorities on the policy framework for the development of
particular areas to ensure that the development of individual pieces of land is coordinated with the
relevant development plan for the area concerned.
The Minister may, with the approval of the President, give general directions in writing to the
Commission on matters of policy in respect of the management of public lands. The Commission has
the following divisions:
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Survey and Mapping;
Land Registration;
Land Valuation; and
Public and Vested Lands Management.
The Labour Act, 2003 (Act 651)
Section 118(1) of the Labour Act 2003 (Act 651) stipulates that it is the duty of an employer to
ensure that every worker employed works under satisfactory, safe and healthy conditions. Act 651
contains a number of specific provisions relating to an employer’s duty to its workers. These include
providing and maintaining “at the workplace, plant and system of work that are safe and without risk
to health” and taking “steps to prevent contamination of the workplaces by, and protect the workers
from, toxic gases, noxious substances, vapours, dust, fumes, mists and other substances or materials
likely to cause risk to safety or health”. A worker is required to report situations that he believes
may pose “an imminent and serious danger to his or her life, safety or health”.
Workmen’s Compensation Law, 1987, PNDCL 187
It is to provide for the payment of compensation to workmen for personal injuries caused by
accidents arising out and in the course of their employment. The tenets of the law places a large
share of the burden of supporting workers injured at the workplace on the shoulders of the
employers.
3.3 Institutional Framework
Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development
The Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MLGRD) exists to promote the
establishment and development of a vibrant and well-resourced decentralized system of local
government for the people of Ghana to ensure good governance and balanced rural based
development. The Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate (EHSD) of MLGRD has oversight
responsibility for sanitation. The Ministry has developed and is currently implementing a National
Environmental Sanitation Policy and an accompanying plan, the National Environmental Sanitation
Strategy and Action Plan (NESSAP) and Strategic Environmental Sanitation Investment Plan (SESIP).
The Ministry has a Project Coordinating Unit (PCU) which is coordinating the GAMA project.
Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies
Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies (MMDAs) are responsible for the provision of water
and sanitation services within their respective areas of jurisdiction, including the planning and
implementation of projects where necessary. They serve as the planning authority responsible for
the overall development of their areas of jurisdiction. The proposed construction of institutional
sanitation facilities is being carried out by 11 MMDAs in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area
(GAMA).
Environmental Protection Agency
The Environmental Protection Agency is the body responsible for regulating the environment and
ensuring the implementation of government policies on the environment. The functions of the
Agency include:
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ensuring compliance with any laid down environmental impact assessment procedures in the
planning and execution of development projects, including compliance in the respect of existing
projects;
promoting effective planning in the management of the environment;
imposing and collecting environmental protection levies in accordance with the Environmental
Protection Agency Act 1994, Act 490 or regulations made under the Act; and
acting in liaison and co-operation with government agencies, District Assemblies and other
bodies and institutions to control pollution and generally protect the environment.
Ministry Of Education/ Ghana Education Service (GES)
The Ministry of Education/Ghana Education Service provides oversight responsibility for basic,
secondary and tertiary education in Ghana. The School Health Education Program (SHEP) Unit under
the Ghana Education Service is responsible for health promotion in schools up-to pre-tertiary level.
The SHEP Unit facilitates the effective mobilization and deployment of available human, material
and financial resources to equip school children with basic life skills for healthy living through skills-
based health education, promoting good health and preventing diseases among the school
population. There are SHEP Coordinators at the Municipal levels and also at the school level. In the
schools, the SHEP Coordinators are responsible for coordinating water, sanitation and hygiene
(WASH) issues.
Ghana Health Service
The Ghana Health Service (GHS) is the public service body responsible for implementation of
national policies under the control of the Minister for Health through its governing Council - the
Ghana Health Service Council. The mandate of GHS is to provide and prudently manage
comprehensive and accessible health service with special emphasis on primary health care at
regional, district and sub-district levels in accordance with approved national policies. The functions
of GHS include to:
undertake management and administration of the overall health resources within the service;
Promote healthy mode of living and good health habits by people;
establish effective mechanism for disease surveillance, prevention and control; and
perform any other functions relevant to the promotion, protection and restoration of health.
The School Health Education Programme is a joint mandate of the Ministries of Health and
Education.
Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL)
GWCL is the state utility company responsible for portable water supply to all urban communities in
Ghana. The mandate of GWCL is to provide, distribute and conserve the supply of water in Ghana for
public, domestic and industrial purposes in urban communities. The connection of water supply to
the toilet facilities under the project will mainly be from GWCL supply lines.
Community Water and Sanitation Agency
Community Water and Sanitation Agency (CWSA) facilitate water supply and sanitation delivery for
rural communities and small towns. CWSA plays a facilitative role in providing technical assistance
for the planning and implementation of water and sanitation facilities in the districts.
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3.4 World Bank Safeguards Policies
The World Bank (WB) has published policies/procedures to guide the safe development of projects it
is funding. Among the ten (10) WB Safeguards Policies, one (1) – OP 4.01 – is triggered by the
proposed project. The WB safeguards policies and a summary of their core requirements are
provided in Table 4.
Table 4: Summary of World Bank Safeguard Policies
No World Bank
Safeguard
Policy
Summary of core requirements Potential for
Trigger under
proposed project
Remarks or
recommendation for
proposed project
1 OP 4.01
Environmental
Assessment
Requires environmental assessment (EA) of
projects proposed for Bank financing to help
ensure that they are environmentally sound and
sustainable, and thus to improve decision
making. The EA takes into account the natural
environment (air, water, and land); human
health and safety; social aspects (involuntary
resettlement, indigenous peoples, and physical
cultural resources); and trans boundary and
global environmental aspects. It categorizes
proposed projects into categories A, B, C or FI
based on the extent of adverse impacts
anticipated from the project.
For Category A and B projects, an ESMP is to be
prepared to guide the Implementation of
mitigation measures for all identified
environmental impacts from the proposed
project.
Triggered The entire GAMA
project being funded by
the WB, including the
Construction of
Institutional Sanitation
Facilities in MAs and
Construction of Road
Culvert Drains falls
under category B, and
this EMP is in line with
the requirement of the
policy.
2 OP 4.04:
Natural
Habitats
Do not finance projects that degrade or convert
critical habitats. Support projects that affect
non- critical habitats only if no alternatives are
available and if acceptable mitigation measures
are in place. The policy strictly limits the
circumstances under which any Bank-supported
project can damage natural habitats (land and
water areas where most of the native plant and
animal species are still present).
Not triggered Project locations and
design will not affect
any critical habitats.
3 OP 4.09: Pest
Management
Support integrated approaches to pest
management, identify pesticides that may be
financed under the project and develop
appropriate pest management plan to address
this.
Not triggered The project will not
involve the use of
pesticides.
4 OP 4.36:
Forest
Aim is to reduce deforestation, enhance the
environmental contribution of forested areas,
promote afforestation, reduce poverty, and
encourage economic development.
Not triggered Project location and
design will not affect
any critical forests.
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No World Bank
Safeguard
Policy
Summary of core requirements Potential for
Trigger under
proposed project
Remarks or
recommendation for
proposed project
Support sustainable and conservation oriented
forestry. Do not finance projects that involve
significant conversion or degradation of critical
forest areas.
5 OP 4.11:
Physical
Cultural
Resources
Investigate and inventorise cultural resources
potentially affected. Include mitigation
measures when there are adverse impacts on
physical cultural resources or avoid if possible
Not triggered No culturally sensitive
sites identified.
6 OP 4.12:
Involuntary
Resettlement
Assist displaced persons in their effort to
improve or at least restore their standards of
living. Avoid resettlement where feasible or
minimise. Displaced persons should share in
project profits.
The policy aims to avoid involuntary
resettlement to the extent feasible, or to
minimize and mitigate its adverse social and
economic impacts.
The policy prescribes compensation and other
resettlement measures to achieve its objectives
and requires that borrowers prepare adequate
resettlement planning instruments prior to Bank
appraisal of proposed projects.
Not triggered The study did not find
any evidence of
existence or occurrence
of Involuntary
Resettlement.
7 OP 4.10:
Indigenous
Peoples
Screen to determine presence of indigenous
peoples in project area. Policy triggered
whether potential impacts are positive or
negative. Design mitigation measures and
benefits that reflect indigenous peoples’ cultural
preferences.
Not triggered No indigenous groups
were identified.
8 OP 4.37:
Safety of
Dams
Requires that experienced and competent
professionals design and supervise construction,
and that the borrower adopts and implements
dam safety measures through the project cycle.
The policy distinguishes between small and large
dams by defining small dams as those normally
less than 15 meters in height. Large dams are
15 meters or more in height.
Not triggered The proposed project
does not involve the
construction of dams.
9 OP 7.50:
Projects on
International
Waterways
Ascertain whether riparian agreements are in
place, and ensure that riparian states are
informed of and do not object to project
interventions.
Not triggered The proposed project
does not involve
international waters.
10 OP 7.60:
Projects in
Disputed
Areas
Ensure that claimants to disputed areas have no
objection to proposed project.
Not triggered No issues of land
dispute were identified.
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4.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS
Baseline conditions give the existing status of the environment in the area before the
commencement of the proposed project. The information serves the purpose of a base reference
against which the changes due to the implementation of the project are measured. The ensuing
therefore constitutes the baseline conditions of the proposed project area, which includes the
existing physical and socioeconomic environment.
4.1 Location and Size
The proposed project district is the La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal Assembly (LaNMMA), which
is one of the sixteen (16) Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies (MMDAs) in the Greater
Accra Region of Ghana. LaNMMA has a total land area of 70.887 square kilometres and shares
boundaries with the Ga East Municipal to the West, Adentan Municipal to the East, Accra
Metropolitan Area (AMA) to the South and Akwapim South District of the Eastern Region to the
North (See Figure 2).
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Figure 2: Map of La Nkwantanang Madina Municipality (Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2014)
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4.2 Physical Environment
4.2.1 Climatic Conditions
The La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal lies within the dry equatorial climatic zone. It experiences
two maxima rainfall: 700mm in the first rainy season and 770mm in the second rainy season. The
Akwapim –Togo Range heavily influences the rainfall pattern of the municipality. The northern side
of the range, which is on the leeward side, receives a lot more rainfall and moisture (in the form of
dew) than other parts of the municipality thus creating a somewhat distinct ecological zone. The
average annual temperature ranges between 25.1°C in August and 28.4°C in February and March.
February and March are normally the hottest months.
4.2.2 Relief and Drainage
The land area of the Municipality generally consists of plains interspersed with undulating
topography in the south and west. The Akwapim Range rises steeply above the northern part and
lies generally at 375-420m south of Aburi and falls to 300m southwards. The main rivers and streams
traversing the Municipality include the Sisami and the Dakubi.
The topography at the various beneficiary institutions is generally flat. No river or stream flows at
the project sites.
4.2.3 Vegetation
The Municipality is dominated by two closely related vegetation types, namely; shrub lands and
grassland. The grassland covers the low lying parts of the Municipality graduating into shrubs and wood
thickets towards the northern part close to the Akwapim –Togo Range. The trees commonly found in
the Municipality are either naturally growing trees which have been left standing in urban areas or
planted to serve various purposes such as provision of shade, for fruits, as avenue trees, as ornamental
plants, etc. Table 5 shows some common trees within the Municipality, which may also be found in the
beneficiary institutions.
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Table 5: Common trees found in LaNMMA
Species IUCN1 Conservation Status
Azadirachta indica Not yet assessed (NA)
Senna siamea NA
Albizia lebbeck NA
Albizia saman NA
Mangifera indica Data deficient (DD)
Khaya senegalensis2 Vulnerable (V)
Acacia auriculiformis Least concern (LC)
Leucaena leucocephala NA
Terminalia montalis NA
Peltophorum pterocarpum NA
Blighia sapida NA
Delonix regia LC 1 International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 2 Though classified as vulnerable by IUCN due to high exploitation in its natural habitat,
the dry-zone mahogany is an important urban tree which has been commonly grown as
avenue tree, for shade and as an ornamental tree in LaNMMA and many parts of Ghana.
The proposed project sites are within institutions (mainly schools) and are close to existing sanitation
facilities. The vegetation at the project sites are common grasses and shrubs found in other areas of the
beneficiary institutions and in the Municipality as a whole. Trees are generally not expected to be
affected from the project construction. Plates 3 and 4 show the typical vegetation at the project sites in
LaNMMA.
Plate 3: Vegetation at Otinibi MA School Construction site
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Plate 4: Vegetation at Oyarifa Presby K.G and Primary 1&2 Construction Site
4.2.4 Geology and Soils
The Municipality is underlain by precambrian rocks of the dahomeyan formation. A strain of
metamorphic rocks consisting mainly of granite, gneiss and schist probably derived from
sedimentary layers exist in the Municipality. These rocky formations are weathered at the surface
and carried by run-offs towards the plains. The geological formation has resulted in the prevalence
of sandy loam soils in many parts of the Municipality.
Five soil types are found in the municipality namely;
Fete Consociation,
Nyigbenya Hatso Complex Association,
Oyarifa-Manfe Complex Association,
Danfa-Dome Association and
Fete Bediesi Complex Association.
Fete Consociations are very shallow, excessively well-drained, pale coloured sandy loam, and
contains small pieces of rock on steep slopes. These soils are found in the northernmost part of the
Municipality towards the Akwapim – Togo Range. Nyigbenya, Hatso Complex Association can be
found at Frafraha. They are well-drained, red, sandy clay loam to clay with abundant, rough stone
concretions and quartz gravels. The Oyarifa-Manfe Complex Associations are located at Ayimensah,
Adoteiman, Otinibi and Oyarifa. These are deep, orange brown to bright red, sandy clay loam
containing abundant ironstone concretions and gravels. The Danfa-Dome Associations are well
drained concretionary clay loam; deep, plastic concretionary clay; yellowish brown with lime
concretions; deep black, calcareous cracking clays. Found at Ayimensah, the Fete Bediesi Complex
Association consisting of yellow, brown and alluvial sand; red, well drained sandy clay loam.
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4.3 Socio-Economic Environment
The socioeconomic characteristics LaNMMA are presented below.
4.3.1 Demographic Characteristics
The population of La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal according to the 2010 Population and Housing
Census, is 111,926 representing 2.8% of the region’s total population. Females constitute 51.5% and
males represent 48.5%. About 84.0% of the population in the municipality reside in urban localities.
The municipality has a sex ratio of 94.1. The population of the municipality is youthful (38.7%)
depicting a broad base population pyramid which tapers off with a small number of elderly persons
(5.0%). The total age dependency ratio for the municipality is 47.2; with the age dependency ratio
for males being higher (47.3) than that of females (47.2). The municipality has a household
population of 108,051 with a total number of 24,269 households.
4.3.2 Education and Literacy
For the population 3 years and older in the Municipality, 36.9% are at the primary level, 16.9% were
at the JSS/JHS level while 13.7% are at the Senior High School level (PHC, 2010). The proportion of
females is slightly higher than males at the various levels of education. Table 6 shows the population
of pupils (boys and girls) as well as the population of male and female teachers in the beneficiary
schools.
About 91.3% of the population 11 years and older in the municipality are literate in at least one
language, while the non- literate population constitute 8.7%. Five out of every 10 persons (55.4%)
can read and write in English and Ghanaian language. Also, about seven out of every 10 persons
(67.6%) who are 65 years and over can read and write in English and Ghanaian language. The
population who can read and write in both English and French, and French and Ghanaian language
are 1.0% and 3.0% respectively. The number of non-literate females (5,694) is about three times
more than that of the males (1,921). Similarly, female literate population (39,876) in the municipality
is slightly less than their male counterparts (40,245).
Table 6: Population of pupils and teachers in the beneficiary schools
The major economic activities in the municipality are commerce, agriculture, services and
manufacturing. Trading is one of the main economic activities in the Municipality with the Madina
market as the main trading centre. About 92.3% of the economically active population are employed
while 7.7% are unemployed. In the municipality, the proportion of the females (92.4%) that are
employed is slightly higher than that of the males (92.2%).
Also, more than one-third (35.5 %) of the population (of both sexes) are engaged in service and sales
work, especially females (51.8 %). This is expected because traditionally, such occupations are
associated with females. Majority (43.4%) of the working population constitute self-employed
without employees, followed by employees (38.7%). For both sexes, the proportion of male working
population belonging to the employee category is relatively higher than that of their female
counterpart (50.6% against 27.1%).
4.3.4 Water Supply
Majority (61.9%) of households in the Municipality depend on sachet water as their main source of
drinking water. Other main sources of drinking water include pipe-borne water outside the dwelling
unit (11.9%) and tanker supply (10.3%). The main sources of water for other domestic purposes are
tanker supply (33.7%), pipe-borne water outside dwelling (24%), pipe-borne water inside dwelling
(13.7%), protected well (12.3%), borehole (8.7%) and public standpipe (5.2%) (PHC, 2010).
Water supply in schools in the Municipality is from two main sources: Piped systems (GWCL and
Small Town Water) – 48% and boreholes (9%). A significant 43% did not have access to water. In
areas where the water flowed, supply was reliable, especially in the peri-urban areas where they had
access to the Small Town water supply systems. Water was used for hand washing and general
cleaning purposes. For drinking water, 96% of pupils/students depend on sachet water anytime of
the day during school hours, with the rest depending mainly on taps. Pupils reported that water for
drinking was available all the time and they did not have any challenges accessing it (TREND, 2016).
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4.3.5 Sanitation and Hygiene
About 38.8% of households in the Municipality use WC, while 23.4% resort to KVIP toilets. However,
a significant proportion of households use public toilet while other households lack toilet facilities
and therefore used bushes/beaches. A close percentage of households either share separate
bathroom in the same house as their bathing facility (32.2 %) or own bathroom for exclusive use
only (31.1%).
About 48% of schools in the Municipality use dry toilet systems (KVIP), 35% use water-based systems
(Water Closet and Pour Flush) whiles 17% of schools do not have any toilets on their compound. In
all, the toilets in the schools were not adequate for the pupils. Due to the nature and inadequacy of
the toilets, many pupils (36%) do not use them and resort to the use of outside toilets and open
defecation. Plate 5 shows an existing pit latrine (KVIP) toilet at one of the beneficiary institutions
(Otinibi M/A Basic School). Most of the beneficiary institutions have urinals located on their school
compounds. Most of the urinals, though still in use, are dilapidated and do not have properly
constructed soakaways and drainage systems.
Plate 5: Existing pit latrine toilet at Otinibi M/A Basic School
4.3.6 Waste Management
About 67.9% of households in the Municipality have their solid waste collected, while 12.1% dispose
theirs through public dump (container), 11.3% burn their solid waste and 6.1% dump at public dump
(open space). The remaining households either bury their solid waste (1.2%), indiscriminately
dispose their solid waste (1.1%) or dispose by other means (0.4%). Indiscriminate disposal of solid
waste is more common in the rural areas compared to urban areas (PHC, 2010).
Solid waste generated in schools in the Municipality comprises of paper, polythene bags, food waste,
grass cleared from the school compound, used toilet roll/paper, used menstrual pads and related
wastes. Collection, storage and disposal are a challenge for most schools. Waste bins are usually
unavailable in the classrooms, and those in the compound are misused and unkempt. Final disposal
of solid waste in the beneficiary schools involves dumping into communal waste bins (skip) at a fee,
engaging the services of lifting contractors (private waste management companies) or crude
dumping (open burning) (as shown in Figure 3). (TREND, 2016).
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Figure 3: Methods of final disposal of solid waste in the beneficiary institutions (Source: Trend, 2016)
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5.0 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS
Stakeholder participation during project planning, design and implementation is widely recognized
as an integral part of environmental and social management for projects. It is a two-way flow of
information and dialogue between project proponents and stakeholders, which is specifically aimed
at developing ideas that can help shape project design, resolve conflicts at an early stage, assist in
implementing solutions and monitor ongoing activities.
Key project stakeholders were identified for consultations and these included LaNMMA, the
beneficiary institutions, local communities, and their representatives and local government
institutions.
5.1 Objectives of Consultation
The main objective of the consultations with stakeholders is to discuss the proposed project’s
environmental and social implications and to identify alternatives for consideration. Specifically, the
consultations seek to achieve the following objectives:
To provide some information about the proposed project;
To provide opportunities for stakeholders to discuss their concerns and offer recommendations;
To gain insight on the role of each stakeholder in the implementation of the environmental and social safeguards as well as structures in place for the management of the proposed facilities;
To provide and discuss with stakeholders the alternatives considered to reduce anticipated impacts;
To identify and verify significance of environmental, social and health impacts; and
To inform the process of developing appropriate mitigation and management options.
5.2 Stakeholder Consultation Strategy and Plan
Stakeholder consultation is a process and would continue through the ESMP study stages through to
its implementation. Table 7 summarizes the proposed approach for stakeholder engagement.
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Table 7: Stakeholder Engagement Programme
No. Activity Identified Stakeholders Focus of Consultation/ Engagement Timelines/
Frequency
Forms of communication Facilitator
1. Preparation of
ESMP/ Project design
Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development/ Project Coordinating Unit,
TREND ,
GWCL
LaNMMA (SHEP Coordinator/SHEP Committee),
Head Teachers, student representatives, School Management Committee, non-teaching staff in schools, Administrator of Clinic
Challenges with WASH implementation in schools,
Potential environmental and social issues of concern from the proposed project’s implementation
Compliance with World Bank and EPA requirements for GAMA S&W Project
Strategies for mitigating the potential impacts and successful maintenance of the proposed facility during their operation
Public and occupational health and safety at construction sites
Scope of interventions of proposed works for institutional facilities construction and adequacy of sanitation facilities
Throughout the
ESMP study
period
One on one Interviews
Field visitation
Sharing and review of relevant reports
Email and phone calls
SAL Consult
Limited
2. Site preparation prior
to construction
School authorities
Students
Administrator of Clinic
Community/ Assembly member
TREND/ Contractor
Information on schedule of preparation and construction
Awareness creation on the potential impacts and remedial measures to students and community
Integration of the ESMP into planning for construction (impacts and mitigation measures)
Grievance redress procedures
Capacity building for stakeholders for the implementation of the ESMP
Two weeks prior
to construction
General stakeholder meeting for school/clinic authorities, Consultant, and contractor
Announcement at School Assembly
Utilisation of WASH Notice “Talk” boards for students/staff and notice board at site including safety signs
Community notifications.
TREND/ LaNNMA
Works
Department/
Head teacher/
School based
Health
Coordinator/
Administrator of
Clinic
3. Start of construction School/clinic authorities
Students
Information on Schedule of construction works, activities and progress of
Throughout the
construction
General stakeholder meeting for school/clinic authorities,
TREND/ LaNMMA
Works
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No. Activity Identified Stakeholders Focus of Consultation/ Engagement Timelines/
Frequency
Forms of communication Facilitator
Community/ Assembly member
TREND/ Contractor
construction
Awareness creation on the potential impacts and remedial measures to students and community
Training
o ESMP Implementation (impacts and mitigation measures)
o Code of Conduct
Grievance redress mechanism
period Consultant, and contractor
Announcement at School Assembly
Utilisation of WASH Notice “Talk” boards for students/staff and notice board at site including safety signs
Community notification.
Department/
Head teacher/
School based
Health
Coordinator/
Administrator of
Clinic
4. End of construction /
Decommissioning of
construction
equipment and
machinery
School/clinic authorities
Students
Community/ Assembly member
TREND/ Contractor
Information on Schedule of decommissioning works, activities and progress of decommissioning
Awareness creation on the potential impacts and remedial measures to students and community
Training
o ESMP Implementation (impacts and mitigation measures)
o Code of Conduct
Grievance redress mechanism
Decommissioning
phase
General stakeholder meeting for school/clinic authorities, Consultant, and contractor
Announcement at School Assembly
Utilisation of WASH Notice “Talk” boards for students/staff and notice board at site including safety signs
Community notification.
TREND/ LaNMMA
Works
Department/
Head teacher/
School based
Health
Coordinator/
Administrator of
Clinic
5. Commissioning and
handing over of
Institutional
sanitation facility
School Management Committee (SMC)
Parents Teacher Association (PTA)
School based Health Coordinator (SBHC)
School Health Club (SHC)
Authorities of Clinic
Operation and Maintenance (O&M) requirements of the toilets
Roles and responsibilities in the O&M
Training on the Facilities Management Plan
Prior to operation
of the facility
General stakeholder meeting for school/clinic authorities, Consultant, and contractor
Announcement at School Assembly and
Utilisation of WASH Notice “Talk” boards for students/staff
TREND/
Municipal SHEP
Committee and
Coordinator/
Head teacher/
School based
Health
Coordinator/
Administrator of
Clinic
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No. Activity Identified Stakeholders Focus of Consultation/ Engagement Timelines/
Frequency
Forms of communication Facilitator
6. Operation and
maintenance of
facility
School Management Committee/ Parents Teacher Association
School based Health Coordinator
Teachers/staff
School Health Club
Students
Authorities of clinic
Hygiene education
Operation and Maintenance (O&M) requirements of the toilets
Roles and responsibilities in the O&M
Training on the Facilities Management Plan
Review of grievance
During operation
and maintenance
period
General stakeholder meeting
Training workshops
TREND/
Municipal SHEP
Committee
and Coordinator /
Municipal SHEP
Coordinator
Students Interactive activity teaching and testing knowledge
Demonstration activity for building habits
3 times a week Classroom activity Class Teacher
Entire School Teaching knowledge and motivating pupils for change of habits
Fortnightly Main school lesson during worship time
School health
club and SBHC.
Reinforcing/repeating key messages from Worship Time Sessions
3 times a week Morning Assembly School health
club and SBHC.
Reinforcing/repeating key messages from Worship Time Sessions
3 times a week WASH Notice “Talk” boards School health
club and SBHC.
All classes and all schools in Metropolis
Activities focusing on testing knowledge dissemination to the entire school and indirectly parents and communities
Once a term Competitions and demonstrative activities
SBHCs/ Municipal
SHEP Coordinator
Parents and Teachers
Staff of Clinic
Support to activities/actions as well as reports on progress
Funding for the O&M of facilities
Once a term for
school/every
quarter for clinic
WASH Session during PTA meeting for schools
Management meeting for clinic
PTA
Administrator of Clinic
School Management Committee (SMC)
Support to activities/actions as well as reports on progress.
support to School Health Club activities as well as individual support as club patrons
Support to SBHC
Once a term WASH Session during SMC Meeting
SMC
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5.3 Stakeholders Consulted
Key stakeholders to the proposed Institutional Sanitation Facilities in the La Nkwatanang Madina
Municipality have been identified and sampled for consultation. The Consultation of the
stakeholders was carried out from November 2016 to February 2017 to gather information,
comments and concerns on the proposed project with respect to the potential environmental and
social issues and impacts.
The approach adopted for the stakeholder consultations involved one-on-one interviews and focus
group discussions. The stakeholders consulted during the ESMP study are listed below.
Project proponents:
Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development/ Project Coordinating Unit
- Safeguards Specialist
La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal Assembly
- Municipal Engineer;
- GAMA Project Coordinator; and
- Head, Environmental Health & Sanitation Department.
Engineering Consultant
Training, Research and Network for Development (TREND) Group
- Resident Engineer (responsible for Safeguards); and
- Clerk of Works.
Contractor
Grumah Twins
- Site Supervisor
Beneficiary Institutions
WASH implementers (Head Teachers; SHEP Coordinators; representatives of School
Management Committee and Parent Teacher Association; school children including school
prefects and school health club executives) in the following institutions:
- Otinibi MA Basic School;
- Danfa Methodist Basic School;
- Kweiman Presby Primary School;
- Oyarifa Presby Kindergarten & Primary School; and
- WASS Experimental Junior High School (JHS) 1&2.
Madina Polyclinic (Kekele Polyclinic)
- Administrator
5.4 Outcome of Stakeholder Consultations carried out during ESMP Preparation
A summary of the outcome of the stakeholder consultations is provided in Table 8. Further evidence
of stakeholder consultations with the various stakeholders/institutions have been provided as Annex
1.
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Table 8: Details of Stakeholder Consultations
Stakeholder Contact Person Role Contact
number
Date Concerns raised / information Received
PROJECT PROPONENTS/CONSULTANT/CONTRACTOR
Ministry of Local
Government and
Rural
Development/
Project
Coordinating
George Awudi Safeguard Specialist 0506152780 Ongoing Provided relevant information and documents on project implementation and
environmental and social concerns
Provided input on requirements for compliance with World Bank safeguards
The ESMP must ensure it incorporates the provision of constant water supply to the
sanitation facilities
LaNMMA R.O. Asante Municipal Engineer 0244560599 04/11/2016 Explained the roles of the Municipal Assembly, Works Department and Environmental
Health Department in projects of such nature.
Indicated the Municipal Assembly has Operational Guidelines for Public Toilet Facilities
which can be shared with the Consultant.
Pledged the support of their Departments for the project.
Joseph Quacoe Head, Environmental Health
Department
0243520075 07/11/2016
Cynthia Bonsa GAMA Project Coordinator
(LaNMMA)
0244719732 Nov. – Dec.
2016
Provided relevant information and documents on project implementation and
environmental and social concerns including project description, screening reports,
Facilities Management Plan, Baseline studies and other relevant reports of studies
carried out.
Also served as liaison between the Environmental Consultant and the beneficiary
institutions, as well as the Engineering Consultants
Engineering
Consultant
(TREND)
Joe Duodo Resident Engineer 0205369938 17/11/2016 Provided a description of the proposed project scope and schedule for construction
Provided information on environmental and safety measures to be put in place during
construction works. Theodore Darko Clerk of Works
0541929883
0201375175
Nov.- Dec.
2016
Contractor
(Grumah Twins)
Evans Yaab Site Supervisor
0249125340 7/11/2016 Provided details of project and information on safety measures to be put in place at
project site.
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Stakeholder Contact Person Role Contact
number
Date Concerns raised / information Received
HEADS OF INSTITUTIONS/SHEP COORDINATORS
Otinibi MA Basic
School
Vivian Owusu
(Mrs.)
-Head Teacher
0244034501 07/11/2016
A temporary storage area has been provided by the school for the contractor to keep
construction materials
Contractor collaborate with the school authorities and inform teachers when
transporting materials to site
The existing pit latrine which is not good condition will be rehabilitated as part of the
project and modernized
Security should be improved at the site to protect new facilities because people in the
community break into the existing sanitation facilities and use them especially when
school is not in session.
The school has one functioning mechanized borehole as the source of water
Danfa Methodist
Basic School
(Primary and
J.H.S)
Lawrencia K.
Senyeabor
Rita L. Mensah
Head teacher
Asst. Head teacher
0244673595
0244777217
7/02/17 Foundation works started when school was on vacation
The school has a temporary storage place and is willing to make available to the
contractor for storage of construction materials
Source of water is a small town water supply by Community Water and Sanitation
Agency (CWSA)
In future, separate toilet facilities should be provided for the J.H.S , Primary and
kindergarten school
The school authorities should be informed when there are changes in project designs
Security should be improved at the school.
Oyarifa Presby –
KG, Primary 1&2
& J.H.S
Vida Boafo Head Teacher
0244758304 07/11/2016 The school authorities should be informed when there are changes in project designs
The school has not encountered any problems with the contractor yet
The school has access to water provided by WaterAid
A proper waste disposal site should be provided for the school until the project is
completed and the waste storage shed which is provided becomes operational
Security should be improved at the site to protect new facilities because people in
the community break into the existing sanitation facility and use them especially
when school is not in session.
Ventilation in the classrooms is very poor
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Stakeholder Contact Person Role Contact
number
Date Concerns raised / information Received
There is no electricity in the school currently because the connection has been cut
Kweiman Presby
Primary/ M/A JHS
Antiedu Kwaku
Sarpong Gyadu
Isaac
Head Teacher
Asst. Head Teacher
0200167125
0504464922
07/11/2016 The school was initially informed the project will involve a storey building, a floor
each for primary and J.H.S
The contractor should connect water from pipelines to overhead tank for the toilet
facility
Runoff water from nearby drain floods portions of the land and around the sanitation
facilities
School does not currently encounter any challenges/ problems with the contractor
The current challenge is the water logged nature of the site which has been
communicated to the contractor
The existing toilet facilities are inadequate for the school, this has resulted into open
defecation by some school children
A temporary storage area has been provided by the school for the contractor to keep
construction materials.
Security should be improved at the site to protect new facilities because people in the
community break into the existing sanitation facility and use them especially when
school is not in session.
Madina Polyclinic
-Kekele
Juliana Tenkorang Health Service Administrator
0274703875 07/11/2016 The polyclinic will prefer a water closet facility instead of pour flush
The polyclinic has provided temporary storage area for the contractor and also
temporary accommodation
There are currently no safety concerns with the contractor’s activities
The contractor must let the polyclinic know of the details of the facilities to be
provided
The polyclinic currently has 3no. toilet facilities for staff and 2no. for patients
Noise and dust is not a nuisance from construction works
There are no safety concerns with the contractor’s activities currently.
PARENT TEACHER ASSOCIATION/ SCHOOL MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE
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Stakeholder Contact Person Role Contact
number
Date Concerns raised / information Received
Danfa Methodist
Basic School
(Primary and
J.H.S)
Mensah Abigail
Dede P.T.A and S.M.C Secretary
0242371630 23/02/2017 The tolls taken from food vendors in the school canteen is used to maintain the
existing sanitation facilities.
Parents came into an agreement to pay ¢3.00 each to help clear the existing
electricity debt but as of now only few (about 10parents) have paid.
It was suggested that if parents are charged to pay some money, this money would
be used to buy disinfectants, toilet rolls, etc. which will be used to maintain the new
facility.
It would also be right if the government provide funds to pay utility bills since it is a
public school, hence they do not have any means of generating money
The disconnection of electricity in the school has been for a full academic year
There is no water supply in the school. The standpipe in the school does not flow on a
regular basis
There are no barrels or poly tanks to store water fetched from a nearby river and also
when the tap flows.
Oyarifa Presby –
KG, Primary 1&2
& J.H.S
Mensah Joseph P.T.A Chairman
0245328648 23/02/2017 The tolls taken from food vendors in the school canteen and offerings during
Wednesday devotion are used to maintain the existing facility
The P.T.A agreed to pay ¢5.00 only per term to maintain the existing facility however
the parents are not paying hence, making this a challenge
The P.T.A will have to decide and come into agreement as to how they will help
maintain the new facility
The regular flow of water to run the new facility will not be difficult because water
has been supplied to the school by the Community Water and Sanitation Agency
(CWSA)
Kweiman Presby
Primary/ M/A JHS
Odoi Philip P.T.A secretary
0244815677 23/02/2017 The school buys detergents to help maintain the existing facility
Students also provide soaps, toilet rolls, etc. which helps maintain the existing facility
There is regular supply of water in the school
The public come to use the existing facility
The P.T.A will have to decide and come into agreement as to how they will help
maintain the new facility
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Stakeholder Contact Person Role Contact
number
Date Concerns raised / information Received
WASS
Experimental JHS
1& 2
Gloria Boateng
Anum Tetteh
SHEP Coordinator
P.T.A Chairman
SMC Secretary
0242929317
0244438869
07/11/2016 The school is solely responsible for the maintenance of the toilet facilities
Security should be improved at the site to protect new facilities because people in the
community break into the existing facility
The old toilet should be decommissioned due to stench from it
Tipper trucks bring materials to the project site at night after school session
STUDENT LEADERSHIP/HEALTH CLUB EXECUTIVES
Kweiman Presby
Primary/ M/A
JHS.
Quarshie Dominic
Jonas Randolph
Doe Bertha
Akpobi Abigail
-And other
prefects and
health club
executives
Boys prefect
Asst. Boys Prefect
Girls Prefect
Asst. Girls Prefect
- 9/02/17 There are no dustbins, veronica buckets, and changing rooms for girls in the school
The existing toilet facility is been used by the public as well
The girls change their sanitary pads in the existing toilet facility during their menstrual
period
There is a borehole in the school which serves as a source of constant water supply
There was no noise and dust generated during the construction of the new facility by
the workers
The location of the existing urinal for the girls is inappropriate.
The leaders of the health club can play a role of educating fellow students about how
to practice good hygiene to help maintain and sustainably manage the new facility.
Otinbi M/A Basic
School
Kanatie Edwin
Darkey Bernice
Awuku Naomi
Osman Jeffrey
(See Plate 8)
School Prefect
Girls’ Prefect
Compound Overseer
Asst. School Prefect
- 23/02/2017 The school pupils defecate in the nearby bushes because the existing facility has been
destroyed
A wall should be built around the school to improve security
The public come to fetch water from the standing pipe in the school
Rubbish is dumped behind the school and burnt on Fridays
The student leaders are given the opportunity to educate their colleagues about
hygiene during girl guide meetings
The girls use the teachers’ urinal as their changing rooms when they are
menstruating.
The student leaders suggested that they will continue educating their colleagues on
personal hygiene as well as how to sustainably manage the new facility
There was no noise and dust generated during the construction of the new facility.
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Stakeholder Contact Person Role Contact
number
Date Concerns raised / information Received
Danfa Methodist
Basic School
(Primary and
J.H.S)
Atsu Mawuli
Fianoo
Emmanuella
Atitso. K. Isaac
Awuah Elizabeth
Boating Joseph
(See Plate 7)
School Prefect
Girls’ Prefect
Compound Overseer
Girls’ club member
Primary school prefect
- 23/02/2017 The existing toilet is dilapidated and unhygienic so students tend to ease themselves
around facility
The school disposes their rubbish in a dug-out hole and burn afterwards
The student fetch water from a nearby river to use however sachet water serves as
their source of drinking water
There is no water, electricity and hand wash facilities in the school
The girls go back to home to change during their menstrual period.
Rules would be put in place to help the sustainable maintenance of the new facility
The prefects will also educate the students on how to maintain the new facility
WASS
Experimental JHS
1& 2
Amoako Obeng
Ebenezer
Acheampong Eric
Duker Joachim
Okyere
Sevor Jennifer
Amadu Tayibatu
Amartey Kwaku
John
Klutse Believe
(See Plate 6)
Head Boys prefect
Compound overseer
Asst. School prefect
Head Girls’ prefect
Compound prefect-Girls
Asst. Compound prefect
Asst. Girls’ prefect
- 23/02/2017 There is a pungent smell that emanates from the existing toilet facility
The existing facility is being used by the public also.
Refuse generated is burnt on the school premises due to lack of a dumping site
There is no storage facility such as a poly tank to store water, which affects constant
water supply.
The project is been delayed which is really affecting the school
There was no noise and dust generation during the construction of the new facility
since the school was on vacation
The school canteen is close to the new facility hence it needs to be relocated.
There are programmes organized by the school such as hand washing say, girl talk,
etc. where students are educated more on personal hygiene
There are dustbins in all classrooms to help keep the compound clean at all times.
Oyarifa Presby –
KG, Primary 1&2
& J.H.S
-Asante Ivy
-and prefects
School Health Club facilitator
- 23/02/2017 The existing toilet facility is not adequate to contain the current population of
students
There is no dump site in the school currently because the new facility is situated at
the former dump site
The water supply is also not adequate because the standing pipe doesn’t flow on a
regular basis
There is not enough funds to manage and maintain the new facility
There is electricity connection at the J.H.S block but not at the primary block.
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Stakeholder Contact Person Role Contact
number
Date Concerns raised / information Received
The health club is yet to organize programmes that will educate students more on
personal hygiene
There are no changing rooms for the girls
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Plate 6: Consultation with P.T.A Chairman, SMC Secretary & SHEP Coordinator of WASS Experimental JHS 1&2
Plate 7: Consultation with Prefects and Health Club Executives of Danfa Methodist Basic School
Plate 8: Consultation with Prefects of Otinibi M/A Basic School
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5.5 Key Environmental and Social Concerns from Stakeholder Consultations
The main environmental and social concerns raised during the stakeholder consultations are as
follows:
i. Security
Security in all the schools visited (refer to Section 1.3.2) is currently a major challenge. The
schools mostly do not have a fence/wall and security personnel. Members of the neighbouring
communities therefore use the schools’ toilet facilities, especially outside school sessions. This is
more prominent in communities that do not have public toilet facilities. Locks installed by school
authorities at the toilet facilities to keep out the public are usually destroyed. Security needs to
be improved at the schools in general, and the toilet facilities especially to ensure the
sustainability of the facilities.
ii. Payment of utility bills
Electricity supply to some schools visited, namely Oyarifa Presby KG & Primary 1&2 and Danfa
Methodist Basic School, had been disconnected due to non-payment of utility bills. The schools
face challenges in raising funds to pay the utility bills, as reported by the head teachers. This may
result in no lighting at the constructed sanitation facilities if not addressed. Non-payment of
water bills by the beneficiary schools may also result in disconnection of water supply to the
schools during the operational phase of the project.
iii. High water table
The construction site for Kweiman Presby Primary and M/A JHS has a high water table. Water
had therefore collected in the excavation for the septic tank construction. Plastic septic tank
should be considered for use instead of the conventional septic tank.
iv. Management of new sanitation facilities
There were uncertainties in the responsibility for management of the proposed facilities in some
schools were the project is providing toilet facilities to be shared by the Primary and JHS units.
An example of such school is the Kweiman Presby Primary and M/A JHS where the Primary Unit
is under the management of the Presbyterian Church and the JHS unit is under the Municipal
Assembly. Also, the Primary and JHS units of the Danfa Methodist Basic School are under the
management of different head teachers. The unit responsible for the management of the
proposed sanitation facilities in such schools must be clearly indicated to ensure the
sustainability of the facilities. The head teachers of these schools suggested that separate
facilities should be provided for the various units in future projects.
v. Compatibility With Existing Activities
The toilet facility under construction at the WASS Experimental Basic School is sited close to the
school canteen. The students and teachers consulted expressed concerns about the proximity of
the toilet facility to the canteen since it may adversely influence the hygienic conditions of food
sold at the canteen. The canteen is however a make-shift structure and the teachers indicated
their willingness to relocate it if necessary.
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6.0 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS
Field inspections and observations, concerns arising from stakeholder consultations and project
description and designs formed the basis for the identified potential environmental issues and
impacts likely to be associated with the proposed construction of institutional sanitation facilities in
LaNMMA.
6.1 Project Area of Influence
6.1.1 Geographical Area of Influence
The immediate geographical area of influence for each sanitation facility is the land area covered by
the receiving institution, as indicated in Table 3. The larger geographical area of influence covers the
La Nkantanang Madina Municipal of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana.
6.1.2 Physical Environmental Media Influence
The physical environmental media to be potentially influenced by the activities of the proposed
project are land (landscape), air quality, groundwater and any adjacent drain to any of the project
sites. The landscape features include soil, flora and fauna at the proposed project site which will be
impacted by the project activities. Any adjacent drain to any of the project sites will be the recipient
of runoff water from the project site. Any percolation of fuels during construction works and
leachates from poorly constructed or improperly sited septic tanks through the soil may impact on
groundwater resources. The air quality may also be impacted by dust and gaseous emissions from
construction activities.
6.1.3 Community Influence and Vulnerable Persons in the Institutions
The implementation of the proposed project could have an impact on the economic and socio-
cultural conditions of the various project communities (as indicated in Table 1) and other
neighbouring localities in LaNMMA.
Vulnerable Groups
Vulnerable groups are those at risk of becoming disadvantaged and require special provisions in the
project design. Vulnerable people include, but not limited to:
disabled pupils/teachers;
very sick and or physically weak individuals at the Madina Polyclinic (Kekele);
pre-school children; and
female pupils/teachers.
The project will not result in the displacement of any person. The construction sites are within and
belong to the beneficiary institutions, and are not inhabited by any persons. The toilet facilities to be
provided are disability friendly, with a special cubicle provided in each toilet for disabled persons
and ramp provided to aid access to the toilet. Adequate segregation and protection have been
provided between toilet facilities for boys and girls to keep girls from aggressive boys (or any other
potential attackers). Special facilities have also been included in the designs for toddlers.
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6.1.4 Institutional Influence
The major institutions to be influenced or involved in the proposed project include:
Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development;
Ministry of Education;
Ghana Education Service;
Ministry of Health;
Ghana Health Services;
Environmental Protection Agency;
La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal Assembly;
TREND;
The various Contractors;
The various beneficiary institutions (Table 1);
Ghana Water Company Limited.
6.2 Project Activities of Environmental and Social Concern
Activities of potential environmental and social impacts identified with the proposed project are
outlined under four (4no.) main phases of the project activities; namely preparatory; construction;
operations and maintenance; and decommissioning phases.
6.2.1 Preparatory Phase Activities
Preparatory phase activities include among others:
Assessment of existing sanitation facilities, selection of beneficiary institutions, field studies
and environmental screening;
Preparation of environmental and social screening reports;
Statutory permitting activities from EPA.
The preparatory phase activities had been completed prior to commencement of the preparation of
the ESMP.
6.2.2 Construction Phase Activities
Construction activities include among others:
Demolition of existing school sanitation facilities (where applicable);
Site clearing and excavation works;
Identification of storage area for construction material;
Transportation and handling of materials and equipment;
Construction of toilet facilities and septic tank;
Construction of high and ground level tank platforms;
Installation of water storage poly tanks and surface pumps;
Rehabilitation of existing toilet facilities (where applicable);
Water connection from GWCL supply line; and
Construction of waste storage and collection shed (where applicable).
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6.2.3 Operations and Maintenance Phase Activities
Operations and maintenance phase activities include:
Housekeeping;
Waste management (collection and disposal);
Maintenance and repair works; and
Materials management and storage (including disinfectants, cleaning tools, personal
protective equipment, etc.).
6.2.4 Decommissioning Phase Activities
Decommissioning activities after construction works will involve:
Disposal of construction spoil and waste in general;
Restoration of landscape around construction site; and
Removal of construction equipment.
The sanitation facilities to be provided by the project will be utilized by the beneficiary schools as
long as they are well maintained. Decommissioning during the operational phase is therefore
unlikely.
6.3 Criteria of Impact Evaluation
6.3.1 Duration of the Impact
A temporary impact can last days, weeks or months, but must be associated to the notion of
reversibility.
A permanent impact is often irreversible. It is observed permanently or may last for a very long
term.
6.3.2 Extent of the Impact
The extent is regional if an impact on a component is felt over a vast territory or affects a large
portion of its population.
The extent is local if the impact is felt on a limited portion of the zone of study or by a small
group of its population.
The extent is site-specific if the impact is felt in a small and well defined space or by only some
individuals.
6.3.3 Intensity of the Impact
The intensity of an impact is qualified as strong when it is linked to very significant modifications
of a component.
An impact is considered of average intensity when it generates perceptible disturbance in the
use of a component or of its characteristics, but not in a way to reduce them completely and
irreversible.
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A weak intensity is associated with an impact generating only weak modifications to the
component considered, without putting at risk some its utilization or its characteristics.
6.3.4 Impacts Severity
Major Impact: An impact of major significance is one where an accepted limit or standard may
be exceeded, or large magnitude impacts occur to highly valued/sensitive resource/receptors.
Repercussions on the environment are very strong and cannot easily be reduced.
Moderate Impact: An impact of moderate significance is within accepted limits and standards.
Moderate impacts may cover a broad range, from a threshold below which the impact is minor,
up to a level that might be just short of breaching an established (legal) limit. Repercussions on
the environment are substantial but can be reduced through specific mitigation measures.
Minor Impact: An impact of minor significance is one where an effect will be experienced, but
the impact magnitude is sufficiently small and well within accepted standards, and/or the
receptor is of low sensitivity/value. Repercussions on the environment are significant but
subdued and may or may not require the application of mitigation measures.
6.4 Evaluation of Potential Positive Impacts
The potential positive impacts of the proposed construction of institutional sanitation facilities in
LaNMMA are stated and evaluated in Table 9.
Table 9: Evaluation of potential positive impacts.
The current sanitation infrastructure (toilets, urinals) in the beneficiary institutions are inadequate and in a poor state. Changing rooms for girls are not available. The proposed project, through the construction and rehabilitation of toilet facilities, including urinals and hand washing facilities will improve hygiene and sanitation infrastructure as well as access in the beneficiary institutions. The provision of changing rooms for girls will improve privacy for girls especially during their menstrual period and menstrual hygiene. The proposed project will therefore lead to a major improvement in hygiene and sanitation in the beneficiary institutions in LaNMMA.
Major
2. Improved
access to
hygiene and
sanitation
facilities by
disabled people
Disabled people
in the
beneficiary
institutions
The existing sanitation facilities in the beneficiary institutions are not disability-friendly, which makes access to the disabled a challenge. The sanitation facilities to be provided by the project will have toilets specially made and reserved for disabled people. Ramps will also be made to ease access to the toilet facilities by disabled people on wheel chairs. The impact will be major.
Major
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Waste management is a challenge in many schools due to inadequate bins and lack of proper storage areas of bins prior to collection. Some schools resort to dumping of refuse in open areas and burning as a means of waste management due to inadequate or lack waste collection bins and storage areas. The proposed project will improve waste collection and disposal through the provision of bins for use in classrooms and outside classrooms, construction of waste storage and collection sheds, and collection and transfer of the wastes through registered waste management companies to LaNMMA approved dump site. The impact on waste management in the beneficiary institutions is major.
Major
4. Improved water
supply in
beneficiary
institutions
Beneficiary
institutions
Water supply for use and cleaning of existing sanitation facilities in the beneficiary institutions is unavailable or where available, is unreliable. This leads to poor hygiene and cleaning in the toilets and urinals which poses health risks to the users.
The proposed project will improve water supply for use in the sanitation facilities through connection of water from GWCL pipelines, repair of existing pipelines, mechanisation of existing boreholes and provision of overhead and ground level water storage tanks. The impact will be major.
Major
5. Employment
generation
Community
members,
people from
other
communities
The proposed project will create employment opportunities for skilled and unskilled labour during the construction and operational phases. These include direct employment opportunities such as masons, carpenters and labours to be engaged by the contractor during construction works, and indirect employment opportunities such as food vendors, petty traders and suppliers of raw materials for construction. During the operational phase, job opportunities will be created for maintenance workers and suppliers of disinfectants, waste management companies, etc.
The project will therefore have a major positive impact on the socioeconomic conditions of the various project communities, and LaNMMA as a whole through the creation of permanent (e.g. cleaners and security persons) and temporary direct jobs as well as indirect jobs.
Major
6. Improvement in
local and
national
economy
Neighbouring
communities,
LaNMMA and
national
economy
The creation of direct and indirect job opportunities during the construction and operational phases of the project will boost the local and national economy. Improved hygiene and access to sanitation facilities, as well as improved waste management in the beneficiary institutions will reduce sanitation and hygiene related diseases and associated cost. The impact will be major and last throughout the duration of the project.
Major
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6.5 Evaluation of Potential Adverse Impacts Associated with the Proposed Project
The adverse environmental and social issues which could potentially arise from the proposed project
activities are stated and evaluated in Table 10.
Table 10: Evaluation of potential adverse construction and operation phase impacts
No. Impact Key receptor(s)
Evaluation Significance
Preparatory Phase
1. Siting of toilet
facility
Beneficiary
schools
It is important that siting of the proposed facilities is compatible with activities in its close proximity. For instance, the proposed site for the construction of the toilet facility at the WASS Experimental JHS was observed to be in close proximity to the school canteen. This may adversely influence the hygienic conditions of food sold at the canteen.
Major
Construction Phase
1. Loss of
vegetation and
impacts on
fauna
Flora, fauna,
soil
The construction of the various project facilities will require limited vegetation clearance at some selected sites. The vegetation to be lost are mainly grasses or shrubs. Individual stands of trees occur at very few schools, example WASS JHS 1&2. A tree will be removed only where it is unavoidable after review by an Environmental Specialist. The vegetation clearance will therefore not result in the loss of any species of conservation value. Insects which may inhabit these vegetation may be disturbed and will escape to adjoining vegetation. Impact on vegetation is site-specific. The impact on fauna (insects) is negligible as the project sites are already disturbed due to ongoing human activities.
Moderate
2. Soil impacts and
sediment
transport
Soil, drains Excavation works, vegetation clearance, levelling and other ground works will expose and loosen the soil making it susceptible to erosion. Transported soil from erosion may end up in nearby drains. Improper handling and storage of fuel at the construction site could lead to oil/fuel spills which could contaminate the soil. The impact is temporary lasting during the construction works. But can be managed through good construction practices.
Moderate
3. Air quality
deterioration
Ambient air
environment,
construction
workers,
pupils and
teachers
Loosed and exposed soils from land preparation, dumping of sand/laterite for construction works and movement of vehicles delivering construction materials to the sites may release dust in the immediate vicinity of the project. This may temporarily affect air quality in the schools/institutions. Exhaust fumes from vehicles and concrete mixing machines may also impact on air quality.
The impact is local and temporary, lasting during the land preparation and construction phase.
Moderate
4. Vibration and
noise nuisance
Air, fauna,
workers,
pupils and
teachers,
patients
The operation of concrete mixing machines, movement of delivery trucks, tooting of horns of delivery trucks and carpentry works will generate noise. This will create a nuisance for the beneficiary institutions, especially when school is in session. The demolition of old sanitation facilities may also lead to minor vibrations. The impact is temporary and of local extent.
Major
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No. Impact Key receptor(s)
Evaluation Significance
5. Visual intrusion Landscape,
pupils and
teachers
Construction of new sanitation facilities will result in alteration in the landscape character and features. Poor housekeeping practices at the site may also reduce the aesthetic value of the area. The presence of the workers at site and their activities may attract the attention of the pupils. This impact will be local and temporary.
Moderate
6. Destruction of
property and
obstruction of
walkways
Public,
property
The movement of delivery trucks through the compound of beneficiary institutions to the construction sites may result in destruction of pavements and concreted areas. The dumping of construction materials and waste in pathways may also obstruct movement of people. Excavations for laying of pipelines for water connection may also obstruct movement where it crosses walkways or destroy pavements and concreted areas along the route. The affected pavements or concreted areas may belong to individuals where the water connection point is outside the school/institution’s compound. The impact, though temporary and lasting during the construction phase, will create inconvenience for the pupils/teachers and may result in public complaints.
Moderate
7. Generation and
disposal of solid
waste
Soil, water
bodies,
school/clinic
premises
Vegetative material, excavated soil and construction spoils will form the bulk of construction waste generated at the project sites. Construction spoils will mainly consist of demolished structures, used nails, wood chippings, plastics and pieces of iron rods, etc.
Construction workers may also generate human and domestic wastes such as used polythene bags, food wastes, used water sachets and bottles, etc. The impact is of local extent and temporary, lasting during the construction phase.
Major
8. Occupational
health & safety
Workers Occupational health and safety issues associated with the proposed project construction include:
Exposure of workers to excessive noise, vibrations and dust;
Accidents in the use and handling of equipment and machinery;
Injury to the body during the use and handling of equipment and machinery; and
Illness caused by exposure to wastes and odour.
The extent of impact could be temporary or permanent.
Major
9. Public safety &
Traffic issues
Public,
school
community
The transportation of construction materials to site and the movement of equipment to and from the project site may pose safety risk to school children especially during break periods when school children are playing. The movement of delivery trucks to the construction sites may also potentially disrupt traffic especially at junctions leading to the schools/institutions. Unsecured construction sites and excavations may pose safety risks to school children in particular who may go playing at the construction sites. The non-removal/abandoning of construction equipment from sites after completion of construction works may pose safety risks to pupils/teachers/public. The impact could be temporary or permanent and could have major safety consequences.
Major
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No. Impact Key receptor(s)
Evaluation Significance
10. Sanitation and
public health
Land, water
bodies,
workers,
public
Key potential sanitation and public health issues that may arise from the proposed project include:
unsightly conditions of poorly managed construction site and indiscriminate disposal of waste;
indiscriminate disposal of human waste could also lead to spread of diseases; and
open trenches and containers could collect water and breed mosquitoes.
The duration of the impact is temporary.
Major
Operational Phase
1. Nuisance from
odour
Public, pupils
and teachers
Odour may emanate from the toilets and urinals if they are not properly and frequently cleaned. Dislodging of septic tanks when full will also generate odour which will be a nuisance to nearby residents and members of the beneficiary institution. Odour may also emanate from the waste storage and collection sheds if the bins are not regularly emptied. The odour may be intense within the vicinity of the facilities.
Moderate
2. Ground water
contamination
Ground
water, public
Poorly constructed septic tanks may result in leakages which could potentially contaminate ground water, especially in areas where the water table is high. This could have serious health implications for people who depend on ground water as the leakage may occur for long periods without being detected. This impact can be prevented/minimized through proper designing and construction. The proposed project will utilize plastic septic tanks (Duraplast) in areas with high water table. Plastic septic tanks are less susceptible to cracking and leakages, and if used, may reduce the probability of any leakages which could impact on ground water.
Moderate
3. Waste
generation
Land, public,
school/clinic
The main solid waste to be generated on a daily basis at the toilet facilities are faecal matter, used tissue paper, toilet roll and sanitary pads. These have to be regularly and properly disposed or could lead to odour, attract flies and have health implications. Bins at waste storage and collection sheds also have to be regularly emptied to prevent overflows which will be a nuisance and have health implications. Septic tanks may also overflow if they are not emptied when full. Waste generation will be permanent, lasting throughout the life span of the project.
Major
4. Sanitation
issues and
public health
impacts
Public,
school/clinic
Rodents, flies, cockroaches and other insects may transmit diseases to humans from contact with exposed faecal matter and rubbish at waste storage and collection sheds. The impact could occur through the life span of the project.
Major
Decommissioning Phase
1. Occupational/
public safety
and traffic
impacts
Workers,
pupils,
teachers,
public
The relocation of all construction facilities and remaining
materials including concrete mixer, trucks, water tanks to new
sites or contractor’s office could result in accident and injury to
workers. The removal and transport of such equipment and
materials could also pose traffic risks and public safety concerns
within the schools and along the routes. The duration of the
Moderate
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No. Impact Key receptor(s)
Evaluation Significance
impact is temporary and could be local or of regional extent.
2. Waste
management
Workers,
pupils,
teachers,
public
The dismantling and removal of equipment and materials at the site, as well as landscape restoration works could generate waste such as scraps metal, wood, concrete debris, vegetative material, and garbage (pieces of plastic bags, food wrappers, etc.). The duration of the impact is temporary, the extent local and the severity minor.
Moderate
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6.6 Evaluation of Risks to the Sustainability of the Project
The potential risks to the sustainability of the proposed project, as identified by the stakeholder
consultations, review of project documents and field inspections, are evaluated in Table 11.
Table 11: Evaluation of risks to the Sustainability of the Project
No. Risk Key receptor(s) Evaluation Significance
1. Flooding Groundwater,
beneficiary
institution
Heavy rains may result in flooding of areas around the toilet facilities which may end up flooding the toilets if adequate preventive measures are not incorporated into the design. Flooding at toilet facilities may also result from rain water getting into toilets which do not have proper windows and adequate drains around the facility. Flood waters may carry feacal matter which may end up contaminating surface and ground water bodies and the soil.
Major
2. Security issues
Beneficiary institution
Poor security in the institutions could lead to community members entering the institutions’ compounds to use the toilet facilities or break into the toilets to use them. This could lead to damage to equipment parts such as door handles or damage to the water closet. Security is currently a challenge in many schools and the risk is high.
Major
3. Unavailability of water
Students/staff/
visitors
The success of the proposed facilities hinges heavily on the regular availability of water at the toilets and beneficiary institutions. Damage to water supply lines and unavailability of water/irregular flow of water for flushing and cleaning may pose serious health risks. Water supply to the beneficiary institutions is currently unavailable or where available, is unreliable. The health risk is high.
Major
4. Poor maintenance culture
Sanitation
facilities,
beneficiary
institutions
The installation of less durable equipment such as water closets, hand wash basins and their fittings may lead to frequent breakdowns or early damage of the equipment. Improper use of the sanitation facilities and poor maintenance culture by the beneficiary institutions will also result in frequent damage to parts of the facilities, which may result in the facilities not functioning properly. This may also result in high cost of repairs. Maintenance of the existing toilet facilities is currently a challenge in many schools. There were uncertainties in the responsibility for management of the proposed facilities in some schools were the project is providing toilet facilities to be shared by the Primary and JHS units. An example of such school is the Kweiman Presby Primary and M/A JHS where the Primary Unit is under the management of the Presbyterian Church and the JHS unit is under the Municipal Assembly. Also, the Primary and JHS units of the Danfa Methodist Basic School are under the management of different head teachers.
Major
5. Inadequate
funds
Sanitation
facilities,
beneficiary
institutions
Funds are required for facility cleaning, provision of supplies, desludging services, maintenance and repairs and other related activities. The GES-SHEP Facilities Management Guide indicates the Capitation Grant as the main source of funds for implementing the school’s facilities management plan (FMP). This allocation is however
Major
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No. Risk Key receptor(s) Evaluation Significance
inadequate and must be supplemented to meet the maintenance needs of the proposed facilities.
Non-payment of water and electricity bills in some schools have resulted in disconnection of water supply and electricity to the schools. Some schools have accumulated debts which must be paid in order to restore electricity and water connection to the schools. If these debts are not paid, there is the possibility of disconnection even where water and electricity connection is restored through the project.
6. Lack of
awareness of
the project
information
Beneficiary
institutions
In order to obtain the full support of the beneficiary institutions, it is important to ensure they are fully aware of the scope and schedule of the facilities to be provided for each beneficiary institution.
Consultations indicate that the level of awareness of the project is mainly limited to the head teachers and SHEP Coordinators, other staff and students have minimum knowledge and this may affect the extent to which they take ownership of the project.
Minor
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7.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN
7.1 Mitigation/Action Plan for Significant Adverse Environmental and Social Impacts
Mitigation and management measures for the significant adverse impacts (rated as moderate or major) identified from the analysis and evaluation of the
potential impacts from the proposed project activities are provided in Table 12.
Table 12: Mitigation measures/actions for potential significant adverse impacts
No. Potential Environmental
and Social Impacts
Project Activities Proposed Mitigation Measures/Actions Responsibility Cost Estimates per
project site (Gh₵)
PREPARATORY PHASE
1. Siting of Toilet Facility Siting of toilet facilities Engineering Consultant to extensively engage authorities of WASS Experimental JSS on
the proximity of the toilet facility to the make-shift canteen. Where agreed upon, the
project should relocate the canteen for the school.
For all other schools, Engineering Consultant to extensively consult school authorities on
the siting of toilet facilities in the school. The school authorities should be in agreement
with the siting of the toilet facilities.
Engineering
Consultant
Already captured in
Bill of Quantities
(BoQ)
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
1. Loss of vegetation and
impacts on fauna
Site clearing and excavation works
Removed tree only where it is unavoidable after review by an Environmental Specialist.
Clearing of grasses and shrubs should be limited to the area demarcated for the
construction of the toilet facilities.
Re-vegetate areas at the construction site around the toilet facilities to restore the
landscape.
Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
Already captured in
Bill of Quantities
(BoQ)
2. Soil impacts and
sediment transport
Site clearing and excavation works
Water connection from GWCL
supply line.
Vegetation (grasses and shrubs) should be cleared only when contractor is fully
mobilised for construction.
Vegetation clearance (where necessary) and excavations should be limited to the
demarcated construction site.
Backfill with excavated soil material where appropriate.
Re-vegetate areas around construction sites to restore the landscape.
Ensure that heaped sand delivered for construction works is covered with tarpaulin to
Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
Already captured in
Bill of Quantities
(BoQ)
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No. Potential Environmental
and Social Impacts
Project Activities Proposed Mitigation Measures/Actions Responsibility Cost Estimates per
project site (Gh₵)
prevent wind and water transport of soil particles.
3. Air quality deterioration Site clearing and excavation works
Demolition of existing school
sanitation facilities (where
applicable)
Transportation of materials and
equipment
Construction of facilities
Disposal of construction spoil and
waste in general.
Deliver construction equipment and materials to the construction sites outside school
sessions, such as in the evenings or on weekends.
Speed limit for all vehicles and construction equipment should be less than 30km/h
within the school/clinic environs and less than 50km/h within communities. Provide
speed limit signs to guide drivers/operators.
Dampen untarred routes of vehicles/trucks to the construction sites.
Haulage trucks carrying sand should be covered with tarpaulin.
Hydraulic concrete mixing machines should be used as much as possible and regularly
service all construction equipment and machinery.
Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
Already captured in
BoQ
4. Vibration and noise
nuisance
Demolition of existing school
sanitation facilities (where
applicable);
Site clearing and excavation works;
Transportation of materials and
equipment;
Construction of facilities
Demolition of old structures should be done outside school sessions, such as in the
evenings or during weekends.
Carpentry works, and other noise generating activities should as much as possible be
carried outside school sessions.
Hydraulic concrete mixing machines should be used as much as possible and regularly
service all construction equipment and machinery.
Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
Already captured in
BoQ
5. Visual intrusion All construction phase activities The construction sites should be hoarded off from public view.
Ensure good housekeeping at the construction site.
Ensure an acceptable post-construction site as per provisions in the contract.
Remove all construction equipment from the site after completion of work.
Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
Already captured in
BoQ
6. Destruction of property
and obstruction of
walkways
Demolition of existing school
sanitation facilities (where
applicable);
Site clearing and excavation works;
Transportation of materials and
equipment;
Ensure construction equipment are not parked haphazardly to obstruct walkways.
As much as possible, do not dump construction materials in walkways.
Provide safe alternative routes for pedestrians where walkways will be obstructed.
Consult affected property owners/users and seek their consent prior to construction
works.
Realign all affected utility service lines.
Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
Already captured in
BoQ
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No. Potential Environmental
and Social Impacts
Project Activities Proposed Mitigation Measures/Actions Responsibility Cost Estimates per
project site (Gh₵)
Excavation works;
Disposal of construction spoil and
waste in general.
Reinstate any damaged property such as pavements, etc.
7. Generation and disposal
of solid waste
All construction activities Apply the principles of Reduce, Reuse and Recover for waste management. For
example:
- Purchase the right quality and quantity of materials;
- Ensure judicious use of construction materials such as pipes, laterites, sand, etc.;
- Reuse excavated soil material for backfilling and levelling if appropriate.
Provide bins on site for temporary storage of domestic waste such as lubricant
containers, drinking water sachets and carrier bags/packaging materials.
Dispose all construction and domestic waste at LaNMMA approved dump sites.
Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
Already captured in
BoQ
8. Occupational health and
safety (OHS) issues
All construction activities Engage experienced artisans for construction works.
All workers should be given proper induction/orientation on safety.
The contractors should have a Health & Safety Policy to guide the construction
activities.
Regularly service all equipment and machinery.
Ensure first aid kits on site and a trained person to administer first aid.
Provide and enforce the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as
safety boots, reflective jackets, hard hats, hand gloves, earplugs, nose masks, etc. for
the labour force.
Contractor
Already captured in
BoQ
Comply with all site rules and regulations.
Apply sanctions where safety procedures are not adhered to.
Site meetings should create awareness on OHS.
Engineering
Consultant
9. Public safety and traffic
issues
Construction activities
Transport of equipment and
materials to and from site
Hoard off the construction sites to prevent access by unauthorised persons.
Use caution tapes and warning signs at the construction sites around trenches and
excavations.
Deliver construction equipment and materials to the construction sites outside school
Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
Already captured in
BoQ
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No. Potential Environmental
and Social Impacts
Project Activities Proposed Mitigation Measures/Actions Responsibility Cost Estimates per
project site (Gh₵)
sessions such as in the evening or weekends.
Speed limit for all vehicles and construction equipment should be less than 30km/h
within the school/clinic environs and less than 50km/h within communities. Provide
speed limit signs to guide drivers/public.
Do not park at unauthorised places to reduce the risk of accidents.
Erect temporary road signs at junctions to the beneficiary institutions during the
delivery of construction equipment and materials.
Ensure delivery trucks hired/contracted are in good condition to prevent breakdowns
on roads.
Remove all construction equipment from the site after completion of work.
10. Sanitation issues and
public health impacts
All construction phase activities Provide bins on site for temporary storage of domestic waste such as lubricant
containers, drinking water sachets and carrier bags/packaging materials.
Dispose all construction and domestic waste at LaNMMA approved dump sites and in
the approved manner.
Ensure all trenches or excavations made during the construction works do not collect
stagnant water which could breed mosquitoes.
Provide temporary toilets (mobile toilets) for use by construction workers.
Ensure that the construction workers do not use the existing toilets facilities
meant for the beneficiary institutions during construction.
Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
Already captured in
BoQ
OPERATIONS PHASE
1. Nuisance from odour Operation of sanitation facilities Comply with provisions in the Facilities Management Plan (FMP).
Ensure good housekeeping at toilet facilities.
Clean toilet facilities regularly with disinfectants.
Empty bins in classrooms/offices/wards regularly.
Liaise with LaNMMA to contract a registered waste management company to regularly
collect and dispose school refuse at LaNMMA approved dump site.
Dislodge septic tanks outside school sessions, such as on weekends.
Authorities of
beneficiary
institution/
SHEP
Coordinator
3,000 (per institution
per year)
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No. Potential Environmental
and Social Impacts
Project Activities Proposed Mitigation Measures/Actions Responsibility Cost Estimates per
project site (Gh₵)
2. Groundwater
contamination
Operation of sanitation facilities Contractor should utilize plastic septic tanks (Duraplast), instead of conventional septic
tanks in institutions with high water table. Eg:
o Teiman St. James Anglican Basic School;
o Baba Yara 1,2 & K.G; and
o Baba Yara JHS.
Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
Already captured in
BoQ
3. Waste generation and
disposal
Use of sanitation facilities
Waste management
Maintenance and repair works.
Regularly empty waste bins at the various locations when full.
Sensitize pupils/patients/staff on effective use of bins to avoid indiscriminate disposal of
waste.
Damaged waste bins should be replaced as appropriate.
Liaise with LaNMMA to contract a registered waste management company to regularly
collect and dispose school refuse, used toilet rolls, tissues papers and sanitary pads, to
LaNMMA approved dump site.
Inspect septic tanks periodically and when the tank is full, liaise with LANMMA to
contract a registered septage waste collection service provider to dislodge the tank for
treatment and disposal.
Faecal sludge to be collected by LaNMMA registered waste management company for
treatment and disposal.
Comply with provisions in the Waste Management Plan (WMP).
Authorities of
beneficiary
institution/
SHEP
Coordinator
4,500 (per institution
per year)
4. Sanitation issues and
health impacts
Use of sanitation facilities
Waste management (collection and
disposal)
Maintenance and repair works; and
Materials management and storage
(including disinfectants, cleaning
tools, personal protective
equipment, etc.).
Ensure pupils/staff/patients wash their hands under running water and soap after use of
toilet facilities.
Ensure good housekeeping at toilet facilities.
Clean toilet facilities regularly with disinfectants.
Ensure bins are properly covered at all times.
Avoid indiscriminate dumping of waste at waste storage and collection shed and always
keep the place clean.
Provide disposable hand gloves for cleaning of sanitation facilities and emptying of bins.
Create awareness on hygiene and sanitation issues, including proper use of sanitation
SHEP
Coordinator/
Head of
Institution/
Administrator
500 (per institution
per year)
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No. Potential Environmental
and Social Impacts
Project Activities Proposed Mitigation Measures/Actions Responsibility Cost Estimates per
project site (Gh₵)
facilities and proper handling and disposal of waste.
Comply with provisions in the FMP.
DECOMMISSIONING PHASE
1. Occupational/public
safety and traffic
impacts
All decommissioning activities The contractor will be required to ensure that:
personal protective gear are provided to workers involved with decommissioning of
facilities.
toilet facilities are available throughout the decommissioning period.
workers still have access to public toilet facilities in the communities or can be
conveyed to such facilities where needed, if mobile toilet facilities have been
relocated.
final movement of vehicles and equipment comply with approved speed limits within
the communities.
all community complaints are resolved before handing over sanitation project.
Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
No additional cost
required aside BoQ
2. Waste management All decommissioning activities Ensure that any remaining waste streams created during construction activities and
waste generated during decommissioning activities are collected from the project sites
properly disposed before handing over the project.
Inspect the site to ensure that the contractor has properly cleaned up all construction
sites before final payment is made to the contractor.
Contractor/
Engineering
Consultant
No additional cost
required aside BoQ
Sub-Total: 8,000 (per
institution per year)
GRAND TOTAL 160,000 (per year
for LaNMMA)
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7.2 Mitigation/Action Plan for Identified Risks to the Sustainability of the Project
Table 13: Mitigation /Action Plan for Identified Risks to the Sustainability of the Project