Construction of Club Building, Pearls Township, Bathinda

PROJECT ON CLUB BUILDING

Project Report On

CONSTRUCTION OF CLUB BUILDING, PEARLS TOWNSHIP, BATHINDA

Submitted as a part of course curriculum for

Bachelor of TechnologyIn

CIVIL ENGINEERING

Submitted to

Er. SHAGUNVEER SINGH SIDHU(HOD)

Submitted by

HARPREET SINGH SEKHON

90080100218

(Session: 2009-2013)Department of Civil Engineering

BABA FARID COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &TECH.Muktsar Road, Bathinda-151001, Punjab (INDIA)

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Affiliated to Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar)

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ACKOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express my sincere gratitude to ER. MANISH GOYAL (PRINCIPAL) and

Er. SHAGUNVEER SINGH SIDHU, (H.O.D) of CIVIL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF BABA FARID COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY for providing me an opportunity to do my project work on

“CONSTRUCTION OF CLUB BUILDINGS” in “NEW INFRATECH

CONTRACTOR PVT. LTD.”. This project bears on imprint of many peoples. I

sincerely thank to my project guide SITE ENGINEER Sh. MEHNGA SINGH for

guidance and encouragement in carrying out this project work I also wish to express

my gratitude to the officials and other staff members of “NEW INFRATECH

CONTRACTOR PVT. LTD.”. who rendered their help during the period of my

project work. I wish to avail myself of this opportunity, express a sense of gratitude

and love to my friends and my beloved parents for their manual support, strength,

help and for everything.

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ABSTRACT

This project report determines the various methods and measures which are taken

during the construction of a club building. It highlights the experience gained by the

student during its training period on the site of the project. This project report

depicts the knowledge the student had gained at the time of its training course. This

report makes the student well trained in the justification of the government works,

and estimating the cost of the project. The student gets familiar of the various

materials and equipments which are to be used at the site. It helps the student to

prepare his mind for the work after his recruitment in any private company or

government sector. This report is a clear description of the student attitude and

loyalty towards his work and his faith and obedience towards his teachers, seniors

and colleagues.

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MY RESPONSIBILITIES ON SITE

At site I have to act as an inspector on behalf of the consultant company. My prime responsibilities to the consultant company are:

To ensure that the contractor does not deviate from the contract documents which include specifications and drawings.To record the progress of the work on record sheet.To maintain all measurement books.To ensure that good quality is done and that under no circumstances, this can be compromised.

Responsibilities given to me from head office:

To study all correct drawings and tender documents and sort out all quaries prior to the commencement of the work.Collect all the necessary registers and records.Plan out with the contractor, the layout of the site for stacking of material.Daily inspect all work progress with a critical eye for quality and accuracy.Check the layout and grid as work proceeds.Inform the contractor and the office that work is not conforming to contract documents.Inspect all material and reports delivered at site.Visit all sub contractor’s work.Test at site, all material required by the contractor.Information about all drawings and bills.Attending site meetings.Forecast day to day site problems.

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INTRODUCTION TO ORGANISATION

New Infratech Contractor Pvt. Ltd. Stand in the fore – front of the Construction

industry as a full time General Contractor. New Infratech Contractor Pvt. Ltd has

grown dramatically since its establishment in 1980 a Partnership firm armed with

the strength, stability, experience and sound management, gaining ISO 9001 : 2000

Certified Company and is poised to continual assert it as a Construction leader in

the industry.

Achieving successful Project Completions Constant Change is the Major Challenge

in Managing Construction Company, After Agriculture, Construction industry is

the second largest sector. Today’s Construction is a difficult & complete Process, a

Changing economy undulating interest rates, Environment and political restraints,

Soaring energy costs, and constantly changing Construction materials and methods

all effect a project’s success.

Its reputation of dependability is evidenced by the clients who have elected it to use

repeatedly for Construction that is on time, with quality and within budget. Krishna

Engg. & Construction Co. can be dependent on project work such as Plant Building,

Admin Building, Warehouse, ETP Plant, Tank Foundation, Road and various types

of Civil work in industries.

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PROJECT WORK

The project consists of a construction of a ground + two storied (G+2) framed

building of the club building. The cost of the project is Rs 3.5 crore . This Building

Consist:-

Coffee Café

Hall

Swimming Pool

Library

Pool Room

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MACHINES DEPLOYED FOR THIS WORK ARE:

JCB/Excavator : 2 nos. (For excavation of footings and UG. Tank)

Dozer : 1 no. (For proper completion of surface)

Tractor trolley : 4 nos. (To place excavated earth at suitable place)

Vibrator : 4 nos. (To avoid voids in concreting)

Hydra : 2 nos. (To lift up heavy trusses)

Dumper : 2 nos. (To supply fine sand, course sand and

aggregates)

Breaker : 2 nos. (To demolish concrete)

Welding Machine : 2 nos. (To weld dowels reinforcement)

Shuttering and Scaffolding : For Footings, Pedestals, Beams, Columns, Slab,

Brackets etc.

Floater : 2 nos. (For Tremix Flooring)

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FOOTING

CONCRETE WORKS:All concrete included in the works shall comply with the general requirements of this section of the specification except where those requirements are modified by the provisions of later Clauses relating to specialized uses for concrete in which case the requirements of those Clauses shall take precedence.SUPERVISION:A competent person shall be employed whose first duty will be to supervise all stages in the preparation and placing of the concrete. All test on materials, the making and testing of cubes and the maintenance and calibration of all mixing and measuring plant shall be carried out under his direct supervision.

Half Trapezoiled Footing

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Half Trapezoiled Footing

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Steel Reinforcement:

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BACKFILLING

All materials used as fill shall be to the Construction Managers' approval. Filling materials shall be well graded clean stone, Gravel and other approved non-plastic granular material, all not more than 100 mm, in any direction and shall be well consolidated in layers not more than 300mm thick. Each layer shall be mechanically vibrated by vibrator or 8 to 10 ton road roller.

All fill materials shall be compacted at moisture content appropriate to the material being used. The compacted filling shall achieve a density, which shall not be less than 95% of the maximum dry density obtained. Filling shall be free of any wood, organic matter or any other deleterious material.Sand, soil, gravel etc. from the excavation may be used for backfilling of pits and trenches or for making up levels subject to approval of the Engineer-in-charge and subject to selection of proper materials. The contractor shall take instructions of the Construction Manager regarding the location in which each type of excavated material is to be used according to its quality.In case the excavated materials are not approved for backfilling, either totally or in part or if their quantity falls short of the quantity required for filling, suitable materials shall be brought to site from an approved source. The material should be free of all shrubs, vegetation, and tree cutting before restoring.One measurement of density shall be made for each 1000 Sqm. of compacted area or for a smaller area in alternate layer (300mm) as decided by the Engineer-in-charge. Each measurement shall consist of at least 5 density determinations and the average of these 5 determinations shall be treated as the field density achieved. The determination of density shall be as per IS : 2720. The tests have to be conducted at site in the presence of construction manager.

AT SITE:After casting foundation and plinth beam, the excavated earth is back filled. For back filling same soil was used. For proper compaction back filling was done in layers of 300mm and 10T road roller is used for proper compaction. For proper compaction the backfilled portion was filled with water also. To check compaction, compaction test were taken on that portion.

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COLUMN CASTING

COLUMN SHUTTERING: Size of column checked as per drawings. Corners should be checked with the help of a try square, it should be 90°, and

otherwise it must be corrected by adjusting the ply board shuttering. The main point is, it should be vertical. It should be checked with the help of

plumb bob suspended from the top of shuttering touching its face and if there is any difference in the distance at the top, bottom or any intermediate point, it should be corrected with the helps of props. All faces checked in the same way.

The shuttering should be done in such a manner that the roof is not touching the sides of the shuttering.

Oiling of the form work for columns should be properly done.

AT SITE:Before casting column the above points are very important to check. There were three sizes of column used. Total no. of column in main factory building was 89. In which 6 nos. 300 x 300mm, 69 nos. of 600 x 600mm and rest 14 nos. of 600 x 1000mm. At our site for column casting concrete mix design of M-25 was used. For shuttering ply board was used. Proper plumb was checked before casting. Reinforcement and strips was checked before casting. The maximum one lift of casting at site casted 2400mm. 40mm cover blocks were used for column.

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RETAINING WALL

Retaining wall are structures used to retain earth or other loose material which

would not be able to stand vertical by itself. The retained material exerts a push on a

structure and this turns to overturn it or slide it. The weight of the retaining wall is of

considerable significance in achieving and maintaining stability of the entire system.

In case of retaining wall reinforcement was provided on both sides of wall and it

was tied using 10mm bars in horizontal direction so as to provide rigidity to the wall.

SHUTTERING OF SLAB:

After the column reaches the slab beams bottom level. Shuttering for slab casting is started. It is the for most step for laying of slab. At my site all the slabs for a particular floor was caste monolithically with the beam of the floor. So shuttering of slab and beam was done together. For shuttering of slab, the size of each slab (if any) is noted down from the floor plan and accordingly these measurements are given to the shuttering team.The materials used for shuttering includes; shuttering plates, welding equipments, nails, angles, timber logs.According to the size of the beam, the shuttering plates are joined by nut and bolts and may be welded if necessary. The support of shuttering plates are provided by angles on which the plats are logs on which they rest. The angles are further supported to the angles by nails and which rest on the ground. Side shuttering to maintain the depth of the slab is placed on the boundary of the slab. The thickness of the slab the site was 175mm and 150mm.The two necessary precautions and check for shuttering are:

The level of shuttering is to be checked. The condition of the ground on which the timber logs and ultimately the timber

logs rest should be check. The ground shouldn’t be damp, which is bound to cause uneven settlement, which further effects the stuttering.

LAYING OF REINFORCEMENT:For bthis purpose the structural drawings showing the details of reinforcement of slab is referred. The reinforcement details are in form of three steels; main reinforcement, binder and extre. The schedule of bar in slab is noted down from the sheet and explained to the steel bending team. The proper centre to centre spacing of bar and the number of bars being laid should be carefully checked by the engineer at the site.The main steel is placed in which the straight steel is binded first, then the crank steel is placed and extra steel is placed in the ends. Then the distribution steel is binded. The extre steel comes over the supports while crank is encountered at distance of ¼ (1- distance between the supports) from the surrounding supports. In this way the reinforcement is placed on the slab.for providing narmal cover to the steel in beams, small cement caste cylinders of height of cover needed are cast. These cement cylinders

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are caste with a thin steel wire in the centre which projects outwards. With help of these wires they are tried to the bottom of reinforcement at an adecqate spacing. These keeps the reinforcement at a distance from bottom of the shuttering, providing the nominal cover needed. The cement cylinder caste at my site were of height 25mm (for beam) and 20mm (for slab). For mentaining the gap between the main steel and the distribution steel, steel chair are placed between them. These chair are made by bending 12mm bars in a L- shape. The chair are tied between main steel and distribution steel at adicuate place.

VIEW SHOWING REINFORCEMENT OF SLABCHECKING OF REINFORCEMENT:

Reinforcement should be as per drawing. The following are the various points to be checked before laying of concrete:-

No. of bars. Spacing of bars. Diameter of bars. Length of bars and length overlaps if there are any should not be less than 47d as

beams are tension members. Extra bars should be checked carefully. The binding of bars in slab reinforcement should be proper. Proper cover blocks should be put in. The area of reinforcement should be cleaned properly. Chairs are provided or not if required.

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CONCRETING OF SLAB:

Concrete used M-25 grade ready with gamgen. An iron pipe of 120mm diameter receiving concrete on the slab from the pump. One supervisor is employed near the pump to give instructions that when to stop and start the delievery of concrete mix while one engineer is employed at the slab to get the slab cast. The concrete mix received on slab through the pipe is placed on the slab.The concrete placed is vibrated uniformaly for through compaction. For maintaining and checking the width of slab an iron rod with depth of slab marked on it is immersed at different places of the slab. The surface of the slab is planed with help of planers to maintain the desired width. The reinforcement steel and the chair placed may get distorted during concreting of slabdue to various like vibrating machinery, walking of labours etc. these are to be then placed in order.

BRICK WORK

The bricks shall conform to the IS No. 1077-1986 of minimum crushing strength of 75 Kg/cm2.

The building bricks are to be the best quality table moulded kiln burnt, patent bricks, hard sound, square with sharp arises, even and uniform in shape and color free from cracks, stones, flaws and other defects. Samples of bricks are to be submitted to the Architect/Construction Manager for approval before full quantity is ordered. All supply of brick to conform to the sample approved. No brick after 24 hours immersion in water shall absorb water more than 15% of its own weight.

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The cement and sand shall be as described under 'Cement Concrete' and the mortar unless specified otherwise in BOQ is to be composed of one part cement to four parts of coarse sand by volume, thoroughly mixed by hand. Hydrophobic cement used in mortar shall be thoroughly machine mixed. No mortar that has started to set shall be used in the work.

Every brick shall be thoroughly soaked in water before use. Broken bricks shall not be used except as closers. The courses shall be truly horizontal and the work strictly plumb, joints shall be broken vertically and they shall not exceed 1/2" in thickness. All joints in brick work are to be well filled with mortar.

The brick work shall not be raised more than 12 single courses per day and shall be built in English bond, except brick on edge and half brick thick walls shall be built in stretcher bond. Except for brick on edge work, the bricks shall be placed with "frog" facing upwards.

All joints in brick work shall be raked out 1/2" deep as the work proceeds, and before the mortar sets.

The brick work is to be carried out with all necessary setbacks, projections, cuttings and toothings in conformity with the drawings.

The brick work shall be cured by watering and continuously kept wet for 10 days, and the work shall be well protected during rainy season.

All uneven, irregular and bad brick work poor in workmanship shall be demolished if deemed necessary by the Construction Manager and rebuilt by the contractor at the contractors' expenses. If necessary the contractor will have to provide wooden plug, etc. for his own work and for which there will be no special payment on that account. The work will have to be executed at any height and lift will not form the criterion for any extra amount.

Should any efflorescence be observed in brick work, it should be washed down by clean water and brick surface treated with such chemicals as are deemed necessary by the Construction Manager without any extra charge and at the contractors' own expenses, till efflorescence subsides. Should the efflorescence persist, the brick work shall be demolished if deemed necessary by the Construction Manager and the work rebuilt with new bricks including making good all the work disturbed without any extra charge.

Half brick masonry: All brick work under 115 mm thick shall be reinforced with hoop iron, 16 gauge 25 mm wide, or 2 Nos. 6 mm diameter bars, in every coarse in the bottom for the first four coarse and in every fourth coarse thereafter. The said bars shall be cast in or securely fixed to adjoining concrete walls or columns. 75mm thick RCC band with 1:2:4 mix concrete and 2 Nos. 10 mm diameter MS bars with 'U' shaped 6 mm diameter MS strips @ 150 mm centers shall be provided at every 2 meter height or as directed. RCC will be measured and paid for separately but its area will be deducted from brick work. No extra for the cost of hoop iron (6mm diameter bars) will be paid.

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BONDS IN BRICKWORK:

On account of their uniform size and shape the bricks can be arraigned in a verity of patterned giving rise to different types of bond. Bonding is accentual to illuminate vertical joints. Both in the body as well as in the face of wall thereby imparting strength of masonry. The wall having defective arrangement of bricks produces the strength and stability of structure. A wall having continuous vertical joints does not act as a homogenous mass to distribute the superimposed load. On the other hand it may be assumed t be consisting of small column of this wall come under load, it fails on account of it inability to distribute the load to the portion of wall on either sides on of it the different types of bonds commonly adopted are given below:

ENGLISH BOND:This bond consists of alternate course of header and stretchers in this arrangement, vertical joints in the header coarse, on each other and the vertical joints are also in the same line for the braking of vertical joins in the successive course. It is accentual to place a queen closer after the first header in each header coarse. Some other points to be noted, a heading coarse should not be start with a queen closer and it is liable to get displaced in this position. In the stretcher coarse the stretcher should have a lap of 1/4 th there length over the header walls having there thickness equal to an even nos. of half brick wall i.e. one brick wall, two brick wall, three brick wall so on present same appearance on both the faces I.e. a coarse consisting a headers on front face will show headers on the back face also. In walls having thickness equal to odd nos. of half brick i.e. 1.5 brick walls or 2.5 brick walls and so on, the same course will show stretchers on one face and headers on the others since the nos. of joints in case of header coarse are twice has stretcher coarse the joints in the header are made thinner than those in stretcher coarse.

FLEMISH BOND:

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In the arrangement of bonding each course consists are centered over the stretchers. The alternate course of header of each course is centered over the stretchers in the course below. Every alternate coarse starts with a header at the corner. For the braking of vertical joints in the successive course closers are inserted in alternate course next to the quoin header. In the walls having there thickness equal to odd no. of half bricks bats are accentually used to achieve the bond. Flemish bond is further divided into two different types; with single Flemish bond and Double Flemish bond.SINGLE FLEMISH BOND: This bond is combination of English and Flemish bond. In this work the facing of the wall consists of Flemist bond and the backing consists of English bond can not be adopted in walls less than one and half brick in the thickness. This bond is adopted to present the attractive appearance of Flemish bond with an affect to ensure full strength in the brick work. The alternate coarse of brick walls of various thickness are used.DOUBLE FLEMISH BOND: In this system of bonding brick work, each course presents the same appearance both in the front and back elevations. Every course consists of headers and stretchers laid alternatively. This type of bond is best suited from consideration of economy and appearance. It enables the one brick wall to have flush and uniform faces on the both sides. This type of bonding is comparatively weaker than English bond. Various other types of bond are also there such as Stretching Bond, Heading Bond, Garden Wall Bond, Facing Bond, Raking Bond, Dutch Bond, English Cross Bond.MORTAR:The mortar for masonry work shall be cement and sharp coarse sand and shall be made in small quantities so as to be used up within 30 minutes. The cement and sand of the required proportion shall be first mixed dry thoroughly and water added and mixed to a sufficiently thick consistency as required by the Construction Manager. No left over mortar shall be used. Unless otherwise specified the mortar shall be of the following proportions.

One cement and six coarse sand for 230 mm thick masonry work and above. One cement and four coarse sand for piers, half brick walls, honeycombed brick

work, hollow blocks.

CURING

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Curing is one of the most essential operations in which concrete is kept damp for

some days to enable concrete to gain more strength. It has been established that strength

of concrete increases with age provided it is kept damp. Curing replenishes the loss of

moisture from concrete due to evaporation, absorption and heat of reaction. The period of

curing depends upon atmospheric conditions such as temperature, humidity and wind

velocity. Normal period is generally from 7 – 10 days. The strength of concrete increases

more rapidly in first few days after setting and rate of increase in strength goes on

decreasing. Correct curing also increases resistance to concrete and reduces shrinkage.

NECESSITY OF CURING: - The necessity of curing arises from the fact that hydration of concrete can take

place only in water filled capillaries. For this reason, loss of water by evaporation from

capillaries must be prevented. Further water lost internally by self desiccation has to be

replaced by water from outside.

Water required for chemical reaction with cement i.e. for hydration is about 25%

to 30% of the water added to cement or less than 50% of weight cement, rest of the water

added to concrete is used to improve workability and to help continue hydration. Hence

hydration of sealed specimen can only occur if amount of water present in paste is at least

twice that of water already combined.

Thus self desiccation is of importance in mixes with water cement ratio less than 0.5. For

higher water cement ratio the rate of curing of sealed specimen is same as that of saturated

specimen. It has been observed that only half the water present in the paste can be used for

chemical combination, even if total amount of water present in paste is less than required for

combination. Therefore hydration can take place only when vapour pressure in capillaries is

sufficiently high, about 80% of saturated pressure. Hence the extra water should be added after

pouring of concrete to maintain its vapour pressure in capillaries.

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Curing of slab water

OBJECTIVES OF CURING: -1. The main objective of curing is to keep concrete saturated or as nearly saturated as

possible, until the originally water filled space in the fresh cement paste has been

filled to the desired extent by the product of hydration of cement.

2. To prevent the loss of water by evaporation and to maintain the process of hydration.

In case of site concrete the active curing stops before the maximum possible

hydration has taken place.

3. To reduce shrinkage of concrete.

4. To prevent properties of concrete, i.e. to gain required strength.

VARIOUS METHODS OF CURING CAN BE MENTIONED AS

BELOW: -1. Covering of exposed surface with a layer of sacking, canvas, hessian, or similar

absorbent material and keeping it continuously wet.

2. Thoroughly wetting the surface of concrete and then keeping it covered with a layer

of suitable water proofing material.

3. Impounding water in earthen or sandy bunds in square over flooring.

Curing with help of steam or hot water resulting in development of rapid strength.

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Construction of Club Building, Pearls Township, Bathinda

Documents

baba farid

shagunveer

half trapezoiled

infratech

double flemish

single flemish

half brick

flemish bond