DEPARTMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY, ENVIRONMENT, WATER, POPULATION AND COMMUNITIES QUEENSLAND DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE STATUS REPORT MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE IN AUSTRALIA
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Construction and Demolition Waste Status Report: Management of Construction and Demolition Waste in Australia
DEPARTMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY, ENVIRONMENT, WATER, POPULATION AND COMMUNITIES QUEENSLAND DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE STATUS REPORT
MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE IN AUSTRALIA
Hyder Consulting Pty Ltd
ABN 76 104 485 289
Level 16, 31 Queen Street
Melbourne VIC 3000
Australia
Tel: +61 3 8623 4000
Fax: +61 3 8623 4111 www.hyderconsulting.com
DEPARTMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY, ENVIRONMENT, WATER, POPULATION AND COMMUNITIESQUEENSLAND DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE STATUS REPORT
MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE IN AUSTRALIA
Hyder Consulting, Encycle Consulting &
Sustainable Resource
Page 6Construction and Demolition Waste Status ReportHyder Consulting Pty Ltd ABN 76 104 485 289
Construction and Demolition Waste Status ReportHyder Consulting Pty Ltd- ABN 76 104 485 289Page iii
Author
Solutions
CheckerGarth Lamb
ApproverVictoria Bond
Report No5
Date20 October 2011
This report has been prepared for Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and CommunitiesQueensland Department of Environment and Resource Management in accordance with the terms and conditions of appointment for Construction and Demolition Waste Status
Report dated February 2011. Hyder Consulting Pty Ltd (ABN 76 104 485 289) cannot accept any responsibility for any use of or reliance on the contents of this report by any third party.
Cover Image: Docklands Lisa Shadforth
CONTENTS
CONTENTSii
GLOSSARY1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY2
2.1Legislative framework overview5
2.2C&D data review5
2.3Stakeholder identification & consultation5
2.4Reporting6
3NATIONAL DATA SUMMARY7
4REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS9
4.1National C&D Waste Legislation, Policies and Standards9
4.2Australian Government Waste Legislation10
4.3State and Territory Legislation and Policy11
4.4Australian C&D Waste Recycling Targets38
4.5International C&D Waste Legislative Framework Overview39
5C&D WASTE MATERIAL MANAGEMENT45
5.1Construction Sector46
5.2Demolition Sector47
5.3Materials Being Accepted / Processed48
5.4C&D Waste Recyclers49
6MATERIAL PROFILES51
6.1Concrete and Bricks51
6.2Asphalt53
6.3Metals53
6.4Timber54
6.5Plastics56
6.6Plasterboard58
6.7Rock and Excavation Stone58
6.8Soil / Sand59
6.9Roof Tiles60
6.10Asbestos60
7PRODUCTS AND MARKETS63
7.1Products63
7.2Markets65
8BARRIERS, OPPORTUNITIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS68
8.1National68
8.2New South Wales70
8.3Victoria70
8.5Australian Capital Territory72
8.6South Australia72
8.7Tasmania72
9NEW SOUTH WALES74
9.1Overview74
9.2Material Profiles77
9.3Processing Capacity81
9.4Products and Markets82
9.5Barriers83
9.6Opportunities88
9.7Key Conclusions89
10VICTORIA90
10.1Overview90
10.2Material Profiles102
10.3Processing Capacity109
10.4Products and Markets109
10.5Barriers115
10.6Opportunities117
10.7Key Conclusions122
11QUEENSLAND123
11.1Overview123
11.2Material sources124
11.3Geographic Catchment127
11.4Material Processing131
11.5Processing Capacity132
11.6Products and Markets134
11.7Barriers136
11.8Key Conclusions138
12AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY140
12.1Overview140
12.2Material Profiles141
12.3Processing Capacity142
12.4Products and Markets143
12.5Barriers143
12.7Key Conclusions145
13SOUTH AUSTRALIA146
13.1Overview146
13.2Products and Markets148
13.3Barriers151
13.4Opportunities151
13.5Key Conclusions152
14TASMANIA154
14.1Overview154
14.2Material Profiles155
14.3Processing Capacity156
14.4Products and Markets156
14.5Barriers156
14.7Key Conclusions158
15WESTERN AUSTRALIA159
15.1Overview159
15.2 Material Profiles162
15.3Processing Capacity163
15.4Products and Markets163
15.5Barriers165
15.6Opportunities168
15.7Key Conclusions168
16NORTHERN TERRITORY169
16.1Overview169
16.2Processing Capacity169
16.3Products and Markets169
16.4Key Conclusions170
17REFERENCES171
APPENDIX 1173
LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTED173
Overview Stakeholders Consulted174
Victorian Organisations Consulted*174
NSW Organisations Consulted*176
Queensland Organisations Consulted*177
Australian Capital Territory Organisations Consulted*178
South Australian Organisations Consulted*179
Tasmanian Organisations Consulted*180
Western Australia Organisations Consulted*181
Northern Territory Organisations Consulted*182
APPENDIX 2183
KEY PARAMTERS FROM A SELECTION OF RELEVANT SPECIFICATIONS183
Key Specification Parameters Overview184
GLOSSARY
This glossary provides definitions of the core terms used in this report.
Asphalt millings
The fine particles of bitumen and inorganic material that are produced by the mechanical grinding of bituminous concrete surfaces
Consumption
Total use of products and materials.
Disposal
Solid waste that is disposed of to landfill, and solid waste that is incinerated without energy recovery.
End-of-life
Products and materials that have become a waste.
Energy recovery; waste to energy; EfW
The combustion of solid waste or the combustion of methane collected from landfill as a fuel for an industrial process and/or electricity generation.
Landfill
A site used for the controlled and legal deposit of solid waste onto or into land.
Masonry material
Includes asphalt, concrete and bricks (jurisdictional variations may exist & will be defined)
MRF
Material recovery facility
RAP
Recycled Asphalt Pavements
Recovery rate
Solid waste recovered as a proportion of waste generation.
Recovery; resource recovery
Solid waste collected for recycling and energy recovery.
Recycling
A set of processes (including biological) that converts solid waste into useful materials or products.
Recycling rate
Solid waste recycled as a proportion of waste generation.
Reuse
The use of a used product or material in its original state without reprocessing or remanufacture.
Rogue operators
A loosely defined but commonly used expression generally describing market participants who are perceived by other stakeholders to be operating outside of existing regulatory or best practice industry standards
Solid waste
Waste products and materials that are spadeable.
VENM
Virgin excavated natural material
Waste generation
The total of products and materials collected for recycling, energy recovery or disposal.
Construction and Demolition Waste Status ReportHyder Consulting Pty Ltd- ABN 76 104 485 289Page 1
A number of additional terms are defined throughout the report.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A total of 19.0 million tonnes of construction and demolition (C&D) waste was generated in Australia in 2008-09[footnoteRef:1]. Of this total waste stream, 8.5 million tonnes was disposed to landfill while 10.5 million tonnes, or 55%, was recovered and recycled. [1: This is the most recent year for which national data is available, as outlined in the Waste and Recycling in Australia 2011 report compiled by Hyder for the Australian Government.]
This C&D Waste Status Report shows performance in terms of resource recovery from the C&D stream is highly variable across the different Australian jurisdictions. In the best performing jurisdictions, recovery rates of greater than 75% are being achieved. The key factors driving resource recovery in each jurisdiction and the key barriers to improving performance - are highlighted throughout this report.
The following general conclusions about resource recovery performance can be drawn from the information contained in this report:
Resource recovery rates are highest in those regions where there is strong market demand for recycled C&D materials, with well-defined and well-publicised specifications supporting the use of recycled products
Where the cost of landfill disposal is sufficiently high, the cost to dispose of mixed waste will be high compared to the cost to reprocess uncontaminated streams of specific C&D waste materials. This provides strong incentive for high volume and regular generators of C&D waste to source separate materials and allow for easier reprocessing
High landfill disposal costs provide an incentive to process mixed C&D waste in order to recover certain high value and high volume components, and avoid landfill disposal costs.
Hyder Consulting and its project partners Encycle Consulting and Mike Haywood Sustainable Resource Solutions liaised with over 110 organisations and individual stakeholders involved in the Australian C&D waste sector in order to compile this report. Inform
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