Construct Ti On Safety Management

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DRAFT

Code of Practice for

CONSTRUCTIONHEALTH & SAFETY

MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMS

***WORKING DRAFT***20/11/02


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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION Background to this Code of Practice How to use this Code of Practice DefinitionsCODE OF PRACTICE

(ie: what you have to do your obligations under the Act)note:only the first four sections below have been developed to date and are included in this draftdocument. The remaining sections will be developed in a staggered process and sent out for comment asdrafts are completed.

It is envisaged that the Code of Practice will start life as an Advisory Standard. Following a trial periodto iron out any problem areas, the Code will be submitted to be accepted as an Approved Code of

Practice under the HSE Act.

1. Commitment

2. Contractor Selection and Monitoring

3. Project Safety Planning4. Safety Performance Measurement and Accountability

Editing note sections below to be developed:

5. Training

6. Inspection Processes7. Accident Investigation8. Injury Management

SUPPORTING INFORMATIONThe intention is to have supporting information available with the Code of Practice. This separate document

will cover How to information which will give industry the how to tools and information to help in

implementing your obligations under the Act as outlined in the Code of Practice. This will include:

HOW TO SAFETY MANAGEMENT INFORMATION

(ie: howyou do it - implementing your obligations)

AUDIT(ie: checkyouve done it)

APPENDIX OF SAFETY TOOLS AND FORMS


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INTRODUCTION

Background to this Code of Practice What is this Code, who is it for and when should it be used?This Code explains how the Health and Safety in Employment (HSE) Act 1992 applies to

construction safety management systems. It describes one way of meeting the requirements of the Act

with respect to safety management systems.

The Code is a statement of current preferred practice in meeting the requirements of the HSE Act

but also provides guidance on the implementation of safety management systems. Parties may choose

to use other methods to meet the requirements of the HSE Act. The legislation states that the othermethods chosen are at least as effective as the ones in the Code / result in a safe place of work.

Why is this code needed and where does it fit into the bigger picture / What advantages arethere to implementing this code and why do you need one?

Editing note: to be completed.

What is a Construction Safety Management System?Safety Management and Project Management are very similar. Goals are established, costs managed,

plans developed, performance measured and outcomes are evaluated. Not only are safety

management techniques the same as those used for project management but safety management will

enhance project management efforts by improving communication and contractor relationships and

by minimising problems, delays and unnecessary costs. By implementing an effective safety

management system, the entire project team of contractors, managers, designers and employees will

be empowered to meet their responsibilities, helping to achieve project goals.

A Safety Management System or Programme outlines managements commitment to safety and

describes the process by which management will accomplish its goal of ZERO accidents by creating a

safety culture. The programme itself will obviously not ensure that you achieve ZERO accidents.

The organisation must make safety convenient for employees through proper planning (as covered in

section __ Project Safety Planning) and the organisation will need to monitor to ensure that safety

responsibilities are met through active supervision and accountability (as in section __ Safety

Performance Measurement and Accountability).

Three Keys to Successful Safety Management:

1. Safety Planning: Plan safety into projects so safety becomes convenient for workers. Do thisand safety wont cost more and it wont slow you down. Short cuts, delays, unsafe acts and

problems will be minimised.

2. Employee Behaviour: Employees need to understand the organisations priorities. The onlysignal your employee should receive is that safety is your number one priority. Human behaviour

is based on consequences to action. There should be positive reinforcement for safe acts and there

should be penalties or other negative consequences for unsafe acts.

3. Performance Measurement: What gets measured gets done! Measuring the safetyperformance of your managers, supervisors, employees and contractors who work for you is


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essential. Providing feedback, good or bad, demonstrates managements commitment to safety.

When productivity alone is measured, safety will always be seen as nice to have but only when

it doesnt affect productivity. The safety evaluation process should include both immediate

feedback on actions and periodic feedback in the form of performance reviews and appraisals.

Ask yourself these questions to help determine the current state of your safety system.

does safety get more attention afteran accident than it does before one? do you plan safety into your projects? are there consequences to unsafe acts? are shortcuts tolerated in the interest of getting the job done?and

how is safety performance measured?This Code of Practice will address these critical issues in detail, giving you step by step advice to develop

and implement your safety programme and the practicable steps necessary to ensure that no one is harmed

on your projects.

Remember to keep records:

It is a legal obligation to keep records. Maintaining a record (a paper trail) of all the steps you have takenfor the health and safety management of anything under your control is the best method of demonstrating

how you have complied with the obligations you hold. (these obligations must of course be fully

implemented)


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How to use this Code of PracticeDocument layoutThis Code of Practice for Construction Safety Management Systems covers your safetymanagement obligations under the HSE Act (1992). It details specific requirements and steps

needed to be taken by each of the different parties to develop and implement an effective safety

management system.

Colour coding:

Colour coding at the top right of each page indicates which groups have information pertaining

to them on that page. This colour coding will continue through to the supporting information

that will be developed for the Code.

The coding is as follows:

Principals (Client, Main contractor and Subcontractor Principals)

Person in Control of a Place of Work (Main and/or Subcontractor)

EmployerEmployee / Self Employed

Agents / Advisors (including Designers / Advisors, Project Managers and other Professional

Advisors engaged by a Principal)

note: a circle for the colour coding is only currently used as a guide the exact symbol maychange. The colour coding will be added comprehensively throughout this document and the

groups above will be defined in more detail as the document is developed.

Numbering:

Throughout the Code a numbering system for each clause is used. This will likewise continuethrough to the supporting information for easy reference.

1;

1.1;

a)

b)

1.2;

a) etc.

For example, for the clause 1.1a in Part 1 of the Code which states you must have a Health andSafety Policy statement outlining, specific How To information to assist you in developing

your own Health and Safety Policy will be available in the supporting information under thesame reference number of 1.1a.

Benefits:

At the end of each of the Code of Practice sections a brief outline of some of the key benefits

that will be achieved through implementing the steps is included.


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Legislation:

The relevant legislation from the HSE Act and Regulations (and any other references deemed

necessary) will be referenced at the left hand side of each page in this section.

(editing note: references to be completed)

ACC Audit:Where the ACC ThinkSafe logo appears ( ) this indicates that this clause of the Code

of Practice relates directly to a requirement in the ACC Workplace Safety Management

Practices (WSMP) Audit, as well as the requirements of the ACC Partnership Programme.

(note: these logos will be added comprehensively throughout this document once it has beencompleted).

Supporting InformationThe key difference with this Code of Practice as opposed to others is that Site Safe will effectively

be providing How to information in a supporting document that gives you the how to information

and tools to help in implementing your obligations under the Act as outlined in the Code of

Practice. Where you need assistance in carrying out any aspect in the Code, you will be able to referdirectly to the How To supporting document for advice and information that will help you in

meeting your obligations/responsibilities.

This supporting document will also include an Audit as a tool that will enable you to check that the

items you need to develop and implement to meet your obligations for your Safety Management

System are in place.

Note: this document will be developed once the majority of the Code of Practice has been

completed.

Achieving Success:Remember: having a Safety Management System or programme will outline managements

commitment to safety and describe the process by which safety goals will be accomplished.

However simply outlining safety processes will notensure that they are met. In order for you to besuccessful, in order for you to ensure that everyone carries out their responsibilities, your safety

management system needs to be implemented by following through all the steps in this Code of

Practice.


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DEFINITIONS

note: definitions will be completed throughout the development of this Code.

Principal (Client, Main contractor and Subcontractor Principals)Means a person who or that engages any person (otherwise than as an employee) to do any

work for gain or reward.

Person in Control of a Place of Work(Main and/or Subcontractor)in relation to a place of work, means a person who is

(a) The owner, lessee, sublessee, occupier, or person in possession, of the place or any part

of it; or

(b) The owner, lessee, sublessee, or bailee, of any plant in the place:

Employermeans a person who or that employs any other person to do any work for hire or reward;

and, in relation to any employee, means an employer of the employee.

Employee / Self EmployedEmployee means a person employed by any other person to do any work (other than

residential work) for hire or reward; and, in relation to any employer, means an employee of

the employer.

Agent (including Designers / Advisors, Project Managers etc.)note: To define.

Significant hazardmeans a hazard that is an actual or potential cause or source of

(a) Serious harm; or

(b) Harm (being harm that is more than trivial) the severity of whose effects on any person

depend (entirely or among other things) on the extent or frequency of the person's exposure

to the hazard; or

(c) Harm that does not usually occur, or usually is not easily detectable, until a significant

time after exposure to the hazard.

Serious harm(subject to subsection (4) of the HSE Act), means death, or harm of a kind or description declared

by the Governor-General by Order in Council to be serious for the purposes of the Act; and

seriously harmed has a corresponding meaning.


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ManagementThe function of management in any enterprise or organisation is to plan, co-ordinate, and

control the activities which occur therein. This not only concerns the 'business' side of

management, but also the safety and health of employees, fellow workers, and any other

person exposed to the business operation. This is not an 'add on', but is recognised as part of

the normal business operation. The skills required (analytical; planning; evaluating;

supervising; recording; etc.) to manage safety and health at work are no different to thoseused in the remainder of the business operation; it is how those skills are applied to realise

the objective which is critical.

Must Mustis used where the statement is a legislative or Code requirement and has to bedone. Use of the word mustdetails specific requirements to meet your safety managementobligations under the Act.

Should Shouldis used in the How To section as a suggestion for how to carry out the mustrequirement. Whereshouldis used it is a suggestion for carrying out a task.

Shall


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CODE OF PRACTICEFORCONSTRUCTION HEALTH AND SAFETY

MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

ie: what you have to do(your obligations under the Act)

Specific requirements and steps that need to be taken by each of the different parties to develop and

implement an effective health and safety management system.


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1. COMMITMENT A construction company, like any organisation, is made up of a management team that

secures work and ensures that a finished product is delivered to satisfied clients. The project

team plans, manages and completes projects, controls costs and manages people.

Everyone within an organisation has different responsibilities and different priorities.

Everyone is also working towards a common goal. Without leadership and guidance from

managing directors, project managers, site managers and supervisors, the focus of

individuals could lead them to concentrate solely on their own daily activities and lose sight

of the common goal.

1.1 Leadership & Management Involvement In order for a Safety Management System to be effective, a commitment and dedication

from company management and project leaders is essential. Management must demonstratetheir leadership and commitment to safety so that everyone understands the values of the

organisation.

You must:

a) have a Health and Safety Policy statement outlining your commitment and dedicationto the safety of workers;

b) be involved in safety management activities;andc) establish objectives for your safety management system.

1.2 Safety Culture Safety culture is a way of thinking where safety is an integral part of the way in which the

organisation operates ie: if a job cant be done safely it isnt done at all.

You must:

a) be proactive with safety management;b) measure safety performance and plan safety into your projects;c) understand your companys current safety culture;d) clearly outline and communicate safety responsibilities for everyone in your

organisation;

e) communicate your safety commitment and policies to all of your Contractors.note: Include new requirement for employee safety reps here (possible bullet below)f) have an elected employee safety representative with the responsibility for

coordinating health and safety for the place of work (where you have a workplace of

30 or more, or if a representative is requested)

LEGISLATION

ACT

6. Employers to ensure

safety of employeesEvery employer shall

take all practicable stepsto ensure the safety of

employees while atwork; and in particular

shall take all practicable

steps to

.(_) Ensure

REGULATIONS

note: other

sections / clauses

to be referenced

throughout

Principal

Person in Control of Place of Work

Employer

Employee / Self Employed


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Employees / Self Employed only

g) avoid harm and hazards by following all site safety rules;h) stop work and notify the supervisor when you know of a hazard in the workplace, or

when you think you are exposed to a hazard in the performance of a job or task

Benefits of COMMITMENT:

* demonstrates pro-active leadership

*promotes acceptance and buy-in to the value of health and safety at all levels

* encourages Employees to feel valued and part of the team

* saves lives and keeps families from suffering hardship

* leads to increased productivity and maximised profits

LEGISLATION

ACT


safety of employeesEvery employer shall

take all practicable steps

to ensure the safety ofemployees while at

work; and in particular


steps to .

(_) Ensure

REGULATIONS

note: other

sections / clausesto be referenced

throughout


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2. CONTRACTOR SELECTION AND

MONITORINGSuccessful safety management requires that the Client, Principal, Contractor, Subcontractor

and all Employers on site work together to manage and control hazards in the workplace.

Understanding safety responsibilities (see the previous section, page __), communicating

expectations, monitoring performance and providing feedback are the keys to successful

relationships and projects.

2.1 Screening and Selecting ContractorsSafety systems can only be effective when everyone meets their safety responsibilities.

Communicating responsibilities and expectations and screening contractors based on safety

performance will improve safety, eliminate accidents and improve contractor relationships.

Poor performance by one or more parities on a project can lead to uncontrolled hazards,problems, delays and increased costs. Screening contractors and selecting only those who

demonstrate effective safety management will minimise problems and complications. The

outcome is that all parties engaged on a project will realise anticipated profits.

Principals (which include Clients and Contractors who engage others to perform work for

them) must:

a) pre-qualify Contractors with safety as a factor (consider the Contractors safetyrecord in any prequalification);

b) include safety requirements in the tender documents;andc) select Contractors (including Agents, Main Contractors and/or Subcontractors) in

part based on safety ability.

2.2 Contractor (Safety) Monitoring, Evaluation and FeedbackCommunication is essential during the initial stages of the project. Significant hazards must

be systematically identified and controls outlined and these must be communicated to the

person controlling the place of work.

One of the most important issues affecting contractor relationships and communication is

evaluating outcomes measuring performance. Safety requirements in tender documents

and Task Analyses (see page__) that are submitted by Contractors must form the basis of the

monitoring and evaluation process. Safety performance on a project, along with quality and

productivity, must be monitored and evaluated as part of a continuous safety improvement

process.

Principals must

a) carry out on-going monitoring of each contractors safety performance;b) regularly evaluate and feedback the ongoing safety performance of Contractors on

projects;

and

LEGISLATION

ACT

11. Employees to be

given results of

monitoringThis section applies to

any monitoring of any

employee or place of

work if it wasundertaken in

compliance with this

Act

REGULATIONS

note: other

sections / clauses

to be referenced

throughout

Principal

Person in Control of Place of Wor

Employer


Agent


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c) evaluate and feedback Safety Performance of Contractors at the conclusion of theirwork.

Employers / Self Employed (ie: Contractors engaged by a Principal) only

Employers and Self-employed must:

d) provide feedback to Principals on aspects of the Principals safety performance.

Benefits of CONTRACTOR SELECTION AND MONITORING:

* encourages communication and outlines the importance of health and safety

* demonstrates your commitment to safety

* ensures you work with others who are committed to safety

* ensures everyone understands their role in site safety

* minimises problems and complications

* improves contractor relationships*promotes improved safety and helps to eliminate injuries

* helps all parties realise anticipated profits through better performance and productivity


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3. PROJECT SAFETY PLANNINGThe safety planning process includes all parties to the project. The larger and more complex

the job the earlier in the project that the planning of safety has to start. There are three

critical project stages to ensure that safety is planned into your project and work activities:

Tender StagePre-construction StageProject Stage??? Design stage / Conceptual stage ???

3.1 Tender (Pricing/Submission) Stage Project PlanningYou must

a) anticipate major hazards associated with the project;b) consider specific safety measures and controls necessary for the project (and flag

any specific safety costs that may differentiate you from other tenderers);

and

c) ensure there is adequate resource allowed in the tendered price to carry out thework safely.

3.2 Pre-construction Stage Project Planning (includes Design/Build Projects)You must

a) develop a Hazard Management and Site Specific Safety Plan detailing specificsafety requirements for the upcoming project;

andb) communicate and co-ordinate safety controls among Contractors on the project.

3.3 Project Stage PlanningYou must

a) anticipate any additional tasks and hazards as the work progresses;b) involve your employees in the development and implementation of your Hazard

Management and Site Specific Safety Plan;

andc) co-ordinate activities so that no subcontractors are harmed by the activities of

other subcontractors.

Employees / Self Employed only

You must:

d) ensure safety planning is a routine part of your work activities;ande) review job briefings and Task Analysis before starting the job when required.

LEGISLATION

ACT


safety of employeesEvery employer shall take

all practicable steps to

ensure the safety of

employees while at work;and in particular shall take

all practicable steps to .

(_) Ensure

18. Duties of principals,

contractors, and

subcontractors (1) Every principal shall


to ensure that

(a) No employee of a

contractor or

subcontractor; and(b) If an individual, no

contractor or

subcontractor,

is harmed while doing anywork (other than

residential work) that the

contractor was engaged todo.

14. Employers to involve

employees in

development of health

and safety proceduresEvery employer shall

ensure that all employees

have the opportunity to be

fully involved in thedevelopment of

procedures developed for

the purpose of a) Complying with section

7 to 10 of this Act; orb) Dealing with or

reacting to emergencies or

imminent dangers

7. Duties of Employers

in relation to Hazard

Managementcontinue from Act

to add???- Systematically

identifying existing

hazard to employees at

work- Systematically

identifying new hazards to

employees at work

-Regularly assessing each

hazard identifieddetermining whether or

not it is a significanthazard (consider thelikelihood of an unsafe act

and the severity of harm)

10. Significant hazards

to employees to be

minimised, and

employees to be

protected, where

elimination and isolation

impracticable

REGULATIONS

Principal

Person in Control of Place of Wor

Employer


Agent


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3.4 Emergency Planning and ReadinessUnder the HSE Act, Emergency Planning relates to any emergency that may arise. This

includes Civil disaster (such as fire, earthquake, flood etc.) as well as any emergency that

may arise while carrying out the work (such as a fall from height, chemical spill etc).

Emergency planning is best when it is incorporated into all three of the stages of planning

described in 3.1 3.3.

You must:

a) ensure an Emergency Plan and emergency procedures are developed withEmployees;

b) ensure the Emergency Plan and procedures are in place and implemented shouldanything go wrong on site;

c) ensure the Plan and emergency evacuation routes are posted on site, and allContractors, Subcontractors and anyone else involved on site are aware of exactly

what they must do in an emergency;

andd) review the Emergency Plan regularly to keep it up to date and current.

Benefits of PROJECT SAFETY PLANNING:

* helps make safety convenient for the workers on the tools

* enables you to consider the job and systematically manage hazards

* helps to minimise site problems, delays and unnecessary costs

* helps you achieve your expected profit margins

* improves site relationships and communication

* improves safety, quality and productivity

* enables your team to complete work on or ahead of schedule and on or under budget

LEGISLATION

ACT


safety of employees

Every employer shalltake all practicable stepsto ensure the safety of

employees while atwork; and in particular


steps to

(e) Develop proceduresfor dealing with

emergencies that may

arise while employees

are at work.

REGULATIONS

note: other

sections / clauses

to be referenced

throughout


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4. SAFETY PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT

& ACCOUNTABILITY For safety to receive the attention it warrants and for your team to view it as a condition

of employment, you must measure the safety performance of workers, supervisors andmanagers. Without an effective safety performance measurement process, coupled with

effective planning, safety will be the first casualty of tight time frames, tight budgets and

project disputes. When budgets, schedules and quality are measured it is understood that

these issues are important in the organisation. Safety will only be important to staff if

safety performance is evaluated and measured.

4.1 Employee Safety Performance MeasurementIt is often said that employees act unsafely because they dont listen or they are careless.

This is not true. Employees form habits and act the way they do for very specific

reasons. They do listen to you, its just that they listen to more than words. They listento the signals sent by the organisation to them; they listen to the actions and priorities of

their supervisors and of management. When a policy statement or supervisor says, besafe but safety hasnt been planned into the project, what employees really hear is besafe as long as its convenient and wont slow you down. This results in shortcuts andunsafe acts by them.

Employers must:

a) define and communicate company safety expectations to Employees;b) supervise Employee actions and behaviour on site;andc) evaluate Employee safety performance, and give (and receive) feedback on actions

and behaviour.

4.2 Manager & Supervisor Safety Performance MeasurementWhat gets measured gets done. Your staff will carry out their safety responsibilities only

when they are held accountable for meeting those responsibilities. Safety performance

must be measured.

Employers must:

a) define and communicate safety responsibility and expectations to their Managersand Supervisors;

andb) routinely monitor and evaluate Management and Supervisor safety performance.

note: Contractors must also be held accountable for their own safety performance. Their

performance must be monitored and evaluated also. Measuring the safety performance of

projects and contractors is covered on the Contractor Selection and Monitoringsectionof this Code of Practice.

LEGISLATION

ACT

19. Duties of EmployeesEvery employee shall


to ensure

(a) The employeessafety while at work; and

(b) That no action or

inaction of the employeewhile at work causes

harm to any other

person.

REGULATIONS

note: other

sections / clauses

to be referenced

throughout

Employer


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Benefits of

SAFETY PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT & ACCOUNTABILITY:

* reinforces your companys safety values and beliefs

* helps you achieve the goals you have set for your safety programme

* ensures safety is given the time and attention it deserves

* helps you eliminate unsafe acts, near misses and accidents from your sites

* ensures there is accountability and that safety responsibilities are met* encourages improved safety and fewer injuries

* rewards safety management and safe behaviour ensuring you get more of it

* leads to fewer problems and delays and improved productivity and profitability

Code of Practice sections to be developed in the next stages:

5. Training

6. Inspection Processes

7. Accident Investigation

8. Injury Management


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The intention is to have supporting information available with this Code of Practice. This separate

document will cover How to information which will give industry the how to tools and

information to help in implementing your obligations under the Act as outlined in the Code of

Practice. This will include:


(ie: howyou do it - implementing your obligations)

AUDIT(ie: checkyouve done it / have you done it effectively)

APPENDIX OF SAFETY TOOLS AND FORMS

note: This document will be developed once the majority of the Code of Practice has been completed.

Construct Ti On Safety Management

Documents