CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY The development of limited government in England In the 1600s
Jan 01, 2016
Biggest Picture1600s
England creates (with much turmoil) a Constitutional Monarchy
(not an absolutist one).
Parliament & a limited Monarch will now rule England.
Bigger Picture1603-1688
* Kings rule arbitrarily
* England’s King and Parliament duke it out for power. The King is Executed
* Parliament Rules with no king
* Kings are restored but cause more trouble
* Another king is ejected . . . but bloodlessly!
* Stuart Monarchs 1603+
* England’s King and Parliament duke it out for power. The King is Killed
* Parliament Rules with no king
* Kings are restored but cause more trouble
* Another king is ejected . . . but bloodlessly!
Bigger Picture1603-1688
Bigger Picture
* Stuart Monarchs 1603+
* The English Civil War
* Parliament Rules with no king
* Kings are restored but cause more trouble
* Another king is ejected . . . but bloodlessly!
Bigger Picture
* Stuart Monarchs 1603+* The English Civil War* The Commonwealth / The Protectorate* Kings are restored but cause more trouble•Another king is ejected . . . but bloodlessly!•Blood isn’t good
Bigger Picture
* Stuart Monarchs 1603+
* The English Civil War
* The Commonwealth / The Protectorate
* The Restoration Monarchs
* Another king is ejected . . . but bloodlessly!
Bigger Picture
* Stuart Monarchs 1603+
* The English Civil War
* The Commonwealth / The Protectorate
* The Restoration Monarchs
* The Glorious Revolution 1688!
The Big Picture* The Stuart Monarchs 1603+
– James I – Charles I
* The Civil War (Parliament vs Monarchy)
* The Commonwealth / The Protectorate
– Oliver Cromwell* The Restoration Monarchs
– Charles II– James II
* The Glorious Revolution 1688-89
– William & Mary
Henry VII
James IV m. Margaret Henry VIII
James V Edward - Mary - Elisabeth
Mary Queen of Scots
James VI
STUARTS
James I1603 - 1625
• Scottish!• Divine Right of Kings• Persecutes Puritans• Pro-Catholic Foreign
Policy!!
King James Bible
James I1603 - 1625
• Scottish!• Divine Right of Kings• Persecutes Puritans• Pro-Catholic Foreign
Policy!!
Charles I1625-1649
Why We Hate Him! - Arbitrary Rule
Habeas Corpus! - Parliament?
3 years? 11 years???
- War with Scotland!! Episcopal vs Presbytery
The Civil War1640-1649
Parliament vs Charles IRoundheads CavaliersMiddle Class NoblesUrban South Rural
North
Parliament Wins!But a radical faction wins!Eject Opponents –
Rump Parliament Abolish the House of Lords
The Commonwealth Oliver Cromwell! The New Model Army
REDUCES Rump Parliament (75) to the Barebones Parliament (40) (Praise-God Barebone)
GoalsA Virtuous Republic! Create Christian UtopiaSevere Moral Code
Crushes Political Opposition
The Commonwealth
• No Catholic rituals in the church
• No newspapers• No Dancing• No Theater• Vices? horse racing,
gambling, bear baiting, fancy dress, cock fighting??
The Commonwealth
“ The Puritan hated bear-baiting, not because it gave pain to the bear, but because it gave pleasure to the spectators.“
• Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800-1859)
The Commonwealth Oliver Cromwell! Leader of the New Model Army
GoalsA Republic!Create Christian UtopiaSevere Moral Code
Crushes Political OppositionScots, Irish, Levelers, Diggers
DISOLVES PARLIAMENT!!
Charles II1630- (r. 1660 – 1685)
• Father killed in 1649• Fled to Sicily,
Holland, & France• King of the Scots 1651
Charles II1630- (r. 1660 – 1685)
• Popular King• Secretly Catholic?• Accepts
– Magna Carta
– Petition of Rights
– Anglicanism
The Immortal Seven
• The Earl of Danby
• The Earl of Shrewsbury
• The Earl of Devonshire
• The Viscount Lumley
• The Bishop of London
• Edward Russell
• Henry Sydney (the writer)