Constitutional Law Outline [BlockD]

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CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 1I. 1987 Philippine ConstitutionII. Political Law

*People vs. Perfecto (43 Phil 887, 1992)III. Basis of Philippine Political Law

Macariola vs. Asuncion (114 SCRA 77)IV. State as A Legal Concept

o State*Collector of Internal Revenue vs. Campos Rueda (No. L-13250, Oct 29, 1971)

o GovernmentUS vs. Dorr (2 Phil 332,339)

o AdministrationPoindexter vs. Greenhow (114 US 270)

o Revolution/Direct State ActionV. Constitutional LawVI. Philippine Constitutional Development

o Philippine Historyo Treaty of Pariso Philippine Organic Lawso Tydings-McDuffie Lawo 1935 Constitution

Vera vs. Avelino (77 Phil 192)Mabanag vs. Lopez Vito (78 Phil 1)Gonzales vs. COMELEC (21 SCRA 774)Tolentino vs. COMELEC (41 SCRA 702)Planas vs. COMELEC (49 SCRA 105)PD No. 86

o 1973 ConstitutionJavellana vs. Executive Secretary (50 SCRA 30)Sanidad vs COMELEC, GR No. L-44640. October 12, 1976Mitra vs COMELEC, GR No. 56503. April 4, 1981Legaspi vs. Minister of Finance, GR No. L-58289, July 24, 1982PBA vs. COMELEC (140 SCRA 455)

o Freedom ConstitutionLawyers League vs. Aquino (G.R. No. 73748, May 22, 1986)*In re: Saturnina Bermudez (145 SCRA 160)De Leon vs. Esguerra (153 SCRA 602)In re Letter of Associate Justice Puno (210 SCRA 589, 1992)

o 1987 ConstitutionSantiago vs. COMELEC, GR No. 127325, March 19, 1997Estrada vs. Desierto, GR Nos. 146710-15. March 2, 2001*Lambino vs. COMELEC, GR. No. 174153, October 25, 2006Supremacy of the ConstitutionLambino vs. COMELEC – GR. No. 174153, October 25, 2006

o Judicial Review Marbury vs. Madison (5 US 137, 1803)

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Angara vs. Electoral Commission (63 Phil 139) Conditions for the Exercise of Judicial Review

People vs. Vera (65 Phil 56)*Rules of Avoidance of J. Brandeis (Ashwander vs. TVA, 297 US 288)

MootnessPormento vs. Estrada & COMELEC (GR No 191988, Aug. 31, 2010)Quizon vs. COMELEC (GR No 177927, Feb. 15, 2008)

StandingIn re Saturnina Bermudez (145 SCRA 160)Dumlao vs. COMELEC (95 SCRA 392)Igot vs COMELEC (95 SCRA 392)

Justiciability*PBA vs. COMELEC (140 SCRA 455)Lozano vs. Nograles (G.R. No. 187883, June 16, 2009)COCOFED v. Republic – GR. No. 177857-58, September 17, 2009

Symbolic/ Matters of Great Public ImportanceSalonga vs. Cruz-Paño (134 SCRA 438)Javier vs. COMELEC (144 SCRA 194)

Effects of Declaration of NullitySerrano de Agbayani vs. PNB (38 SCRA 429)Planters Products Inc. v. Fertiphil – G.R. No. 166006, March 14, 2008Castro v. Deloria – GR. No. 163586, January 27, 2009

VII. The Philippines as a Stateo Territory

Article I, The 1935 Philippine ConstitutionArticle I, The 1973 Philippine ConstitutionArticle I, The 1987 Philippine Constitution

The Philippine ArchipelagoArticle 3, Treaty of ParisTreaty of Washington of 7 November 1900Treaty between US and Great Britain of 2 January 1930R.A. 3046 (17 June 1961)R.A. 5446 (8 September 1968)RA 9522 (10 March 2009)Article 121 of the UNCLOS IIIMagallona vs. Ermita (GR No 187167, August 16, 2011)PD 1596 (11 June 1978)PD 1599 (11 June 1978)UN Convention on the Law of the SeasConflicting Claims – Sabah, Spratlys and Scarborough ShoalThe Province of North Cotabato v. The Gov’t of the Rep. of the Phil. Peace Panel on Ancestral Domain (G.R. No. 183591, Oct. 14, 2008)

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o PeopleArt. XIII, Sec. 1Art. II, Sec. 15Art. II, Sec. 16Art. III, Sec. 2Qua Chee Gan vs Deportation Board (9 SCRA 27, 1963)Art III, Sec. 7Art. VII, Sec. 4Art. XVI, Sec. 2

o CitizenshipArticle IV, The 1987 Philippine ConstitutionCo vs. Electoral Tribunal of the House of Representative

(199 SCRA 692, 1991)Article IV, The 1973 Philippine Constitution

Series of Conflicting SC Decisions re Citizenship*Roa vs. Collector of Customs, 23 Phil. 315 (1912)*Paz Chua vs. Secretary of Labor, 68 Phil. 649 (1939)*Torres vs. Tan Chim, 69 Phil. 518 (1940)*Tan Chong vs. Secretary of Labor and Lam Swee Sang vs. Secretary of Labor, 79 Phil. 249 (1947)*Talaroc vs. Uy, 92 Phil. 52 (1952)Tio Tiam vs. Republic, 101 Phil. 195 (1957)

Caram RuleChiongbian vs. De Leon, 82 Phil. 771 (31 January 1949)

Point of ReckoningCu vs. Republic, G.R. No. L-3018, July 18, 1951Villahermosa vs. CID, G.R. No. L-1663, March 31, 1948

NaturalizationCA 473, Revised Naturalization Law

o Sovereignty*The Province of North Cotabato v. The Government of the Republic of the Philippines Peace Panel on Ancestral Domain - G.R. No. 183591, Oct. 14, 2008Reagan vs. CIR, 30 SCRA 968 (1969)

Dominium and ImperiumTerritorial, Personal, and Extrajudicial Jurisdiction

Article 2, Revised Penal CodeSovereignty Immunity

Article XVI, Section 3, The 1987 Philippine Constitution*Kawananakoa v Polyblank (205 US 349)Republic vs. Villasor (54 SCRA 83)

Suit not against the State Begosa vs. PVA (32 SCRA 466)

*Del Mar vs. PVA (51 SCRA 340)

In Personam vs In Rem

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Republic vs. Feliciano (148 SCRA 424) Official vs Personal Capacity

Shauf vs. CA (191 SCRA 713, 1990)*Lansang vs CA, GR. No. 102667, Feb. 23, 2000

Beyond the Scope of AuthorityRepublic vs. Sandoval (220 SCRA 124, 1993)

Contracts Connected with Sovereign FunctionsRepublic vs. Nolasco (457 SCRA 400)

ExpropriationGascon vs. Arroyo (178 SCRA 582)Delos Santos vs. IAC (223 SCRA 11)

Justice and EquityEPG Construction Company vs. Vigilar (354 SCRA 566)

Failure to Raise Immunity as DefenseUS vs. Guinto (182 SCRA 644)

ConsentRepublic vs. Purisima (78 SCRA 470, 1977)*Republic vs. Feliciano (148 SCRA 424, 1987)Act. No. 3083C.A. No. 327

Money ClaimsSayson vs. Singson (54 SCRA 282, 1973)Art. IX, 1987 Constitution

Quasi-DelictArt. 2176, CCArt. 2180, CCMerritt vs. Government of the PI (34 Phil 311)US vs. Ceballos and US vs. Guinto (182 SCRA 644)

GOCCsSSS vs. CA (120 SCRA 707, 1983)PNB vs. CIR (81 SCRA 314, 1978)Rayo vs. CFI of Bulacan (110 SCRA 456)Germany Agency for Technical Cooperation v. Court of Appeals – (GR. No. 152318, April 16, 2009)NHMFC v. Agbayari – (GR. No. 166508, October 2, 2009)Holy See v. Del Rosario, (GR No. 101949, Dec 1, 1994)

Implied ConsentUS vs. Ruiz (136 SCRA 487, 1985)Malong vs. PNR (138 SCRA 63, 1985)

EquityAmigable vs. Cuenca (43 SCRA 360)Alfonso vs. Pasay (106 Phil. 1017)Ministerio vs. CFI (40 SCRA 464)Santiago vs. Republic (87 SCRA 294, 1978)Commissioner of Public Highways vs. Burgos (96 SCRA 831)

Counterclaim

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Froilan vs. Oriental Pan Shipping (12 SCRA 276, 1964)Commissioner of Public Highways vs. San Diego (31 SCRA

616) *PNB vs. CIR (81 SCRA 314, 1978)

Measure of RecoveryMinisterio vs. CFI (40 SCRA 464)*Commissioner of Public Highways vs. Burgos (96 SCRA 831)

Acts of State ImmunityProvincial Gov’t of Marinduque vs. Placer Dome, Inc. (No. 07-

16306, March 10, 2009)o Government

*U.S. vs. Dorr (2 Phil 332)Act 292, Section 8Administrative Code of 1987, Sec. 2(1)Republic vs. Judge of the Court of First Instance of Rizal, 99 SCRA 660Badillo vs. Tayag, 400 SCRA 494Manila International Airport Authority vs. Court of Appeals, 495 SCRA 591Soriano v. Laguardia – GR. No. 164785, April 29, 2009 and March 15, 2010

VIII. Principles and Policies and the Philippine GovernmentPreamble 1935, 1973 & 1987 ConstitutionsManila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, GR No. 122156, Feb. 3, 1997Bureau of Fisheries v. Commission on Audit – GR. No. 169815, August 13, 2008BCDA v. COA – GR. No. 178160, February 26, 2009The Province of North Cotabato v. The Government of the Republic of the Philippines

Peace Panel on Ancestral Domain – GR. No. 183591, Oct. 14, 2008

PrinciplesA. Sovereignty of its People & Republicanism

Art. II, Sec. 1 & 2Art. V, Sec. 1 & 2Art. VI, Sec. 1

B. Adherence to International LawArt. II, Sec. 2Tañada vs. Angara, 272 SCRA 18Art II, Secs. 7 & 8Art. XVIII, Secs. 4 & 25

C. Supremacy of Civilian AuthorityArt. II, Sec. 3Art.VII, Sec. 18Art. XVI, Sec. 4- 6Gudani v. Senga – GR. No. 170165, August 15, 2006

D. Government as Protector & People as Defender of the StateArt. II, Sec. 4 – 5Kilosbayan, INC. vs. Morato, 246 SCRA 540Basco vs. Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation, 197 SCRA 52

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E. Separation of Church & StateArt. II, Sec. 6Art. III, Sec. 5Art. IX, C, Sec. 2(5)Art. VI, Secs. 5(2), 28(3), 29(2)Art. XIV, Secs. 3(3) & 4(2)Pamil v. Teleron (86 SCRA 413, 1978)Victoriano v. Elizalde (59 SCRA 54, 1974)Aglipay v. Ruiz (64 Phil 201, 1937)Civil Code Art. 359

PoliciesA. Independent Foreign Policy & Nuclear-Free Philippines

Art. II, Secs. 7 & 8Art. XVIII, Secs. 4 & 25

B. A Just & Dynamic Social OrderArt. II, Sec. 9Art. XII, Sec. 1

1. Promotion of Social JusticeCalalang vs. Williams (70 Phil 726)Art. II, Sec. 10Art. XIII, Sec. 1Art. XIII, Sec. 2Art. II, Sec. 26Pamatong vs. Commission on Elections, 427 SCRA 96Art. VII, Sec. 13, par. 2Art. IX, B, Sec. 7Civil Liberties Union vs. Executive Secretary (194 SCRA 317)Magkalas V. NHA – GR No. 138823, September 17, 2008Oxales v. United Laboratories Inc. – GR. No 152991, July 21, 2008

2. Respect for Human Dignity and Human RightsArt. II, Sec. 11Art. XVI, Sec. 5(2)Art. XIII, Secs. 17 - 19

3. Fundamental Equality of Women and MenArt. II, Sec. 14Art. IV, Sec. 1(2) in relation with Sec. 4Art. IV, Sec. 4Art. XIII, Sec. 14Art. XIII, Sec. 11*Muller vs Oregon (208 US 412, 1908)*Lochner vs New York, 198 U.S. 45, 1905*Adkins vs Children’s Hospital, 261 U.S. 525, 1923*West Coast vs Parrish, 300 U.S. 379, 1937

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4. Promotion of HealthArt. II, Sec. 15Art. II, Sec. 16Oposa vs. Factoran, 224 SCRA 792MMDA vs. Concerned Citizens of Manila Bay (GR Nos. 171947-8, Dec. 18, 2008)Art. XIII, Sec. 11Del Rosario vs. Bengzon, 180 SCRA 521Art. XIII, Sec. 12Art. XIII, Sec. 13

5. Priority of Education, Science, Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports (ESTACS)

Art. II, Sec. 17Art. XIV, Sec. 1Villar v. Technological Institute of the Philippines, 135 SCRA 706 (1985)Dept of Education, Culture & Sports v. San Diego (180 SCRA 533, 1989)

a. Right to Quality EducationTablarin v. Gutierrez, 152 SCRA 730

b. Free Public EducationUniversity of the Philippines vs. Ayson, 176 SCRA 571

c. Academic Freedom Admission

Garcia vs. Faculty Admission Committee, 68 SCRA 277 Academic Standards

Tangonan vs. Cruz-Paño, 137 SCRA 245 School Discipline

Alcuaz vs. School of Business Admi., (161 SCRA 7) *Miriam College Foundation, Inc. vs. CA, 348 SCRA 265

Conferment of Academic Honors University of San Carlos vs. CA, 166 SCRA 570

Method of TeachingCamacho vs. Coresis, 387 SCRA 628

Closure of School *University of the Philippines vs. Ayson, 176 SCRA 571

Withdrawal of Degree UP Board of Regents vs. CA, 313 SCRA 404

Mass Action Non vs. Dames II, 185 SCRA 523

Dismissal of Teachers Colegio del Sto. Niño vs. NLRC, 197 SCRA 611

d. BudgetGuingona vs. Carague, 196 SCRA 221

e. CultureJoya vs. PCGG, 225 SCRA 568

6. Urban Land Reform and HousingArt. XIII, Sec. 9

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Art. XIII, Sec. 10People vs. Leachon, 296 SCRA 163

7. Reform in Agricultural and Natural ResourcesArt. II, Sec. 21Art. XIII, Sec. 4Art. XIII, Sec. 5Art. XIII, Sec. 6Art. XIII, Sec. 7Art. XIII, Sec. 8Luz Farms vs. Secretary of DAR, 192 SCRA 51Hacienda Luisita, Inc. vs PARC (GR No. 171101, July 5, 2011; Nov. 22,

2011; Apr. 24, 2012)8. Protection of Labor

Art. II, Sec. 18Continental Steel Manufacturing Corporation v. Montano – GR. No.182836, October 13, 2009Art. XIII, Sec. 3

Compulsory ArbitrationUnion of the Filipro Employees vs. Nestle Phil., 192 SCRA 396

Suspension of Collective Bargaining AgreementRivera vs. Espiritu, 374 SCRA 351

Right of Government Workers to Form Unions Art. III, Sec. 8 Art. IX, B, Sec. 2(5)

Art. IX, B, Sec. 2(1) Alliance of Gov’t Workers vs. Minister of Labor (124 SCRA 1) NHA vs. Juco (134 SCRA 172) SSS Employees Assn. vs. CA (175 SCRA 686) Manila Public School Teachers Assoc’n vs.Laguio(200 SCRA 323)

9. Independent People’s OrganizationsArt. II, Sec. 23Art. XIII, Secs. 15 & 16Anak Mindanao Party-List Group vs. Executive Secretary, 531 SCRA 583

C. Family as a Basic Social InstitutionArt. II, Sec. 12Art. XV, Secs. 1 to 4Art. II, Sec. 13Art. 52, Civil CodeArt. 1, Family Code

D. Self-Reliant and Independent Economic OrderArt. II, Sec. 19*Tañada vs. Angara, 272 SCRA 18Art. II, Sec. 20Marine Radio Comm’n Assoc’n vs. Reyes, 191 SCRA 205Art. XII, Sec. 6Garcia vs. BOI (191 SCRA 288)

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Gamboa vs Torres, G.R. No. 176579, June 28, 2011E. Communication and Information in Nation-Building

Art. II, Sec. 24PLDT vs. National Telecommunications Commission, (190 SCRA 717)Art. XVI, Sec. 10Art. XVI, Sec. 11Art. XVIII, Sec. 23

F. Autonomy of Local GovernmentsArt. II, Sec. 25Art. X, Secs. 1-4

Power to Suspend Local Elective OfficialsGanzon vs. Court of Appeals, 200 SCRA 271

Limitation of Presidential Power of SupervisionDadole vs. Commission on Audit, 393 SCRA 262Art. X, Sec. 5Drilon vs. Lim 235 SCRA 135Art. X, Sec. 6

Internal Revenue AllotmentProvince of Batangas vs. Romulo, 429 SCRA 736*Alternative Center for Organizational Reforms and Devt, Inc. vs.

Zamora, 459 SCRA 578Pimentel vs. Aguirre, 336 SCRA 201Art. X, Sec. 7

Term LimitsArt. X, Sec. 8Borja vs. Commission on Elections. (295 SCRA 157)Lonzanida vs. Commission on Elections, 311 SCRA 602*Adormeo vs. Commission on Elections, 376 SCRA 90Socrates vs. Commission on Elections, 391 SCRA 457Ong vs. Alegre, (479 SCRA 473)Latasa vs. Commission on Elections, 417 SCRA 601Art. X, Sec. 9

Creation/Division/Merger/Abolition of LGUTan vs. Commission on Elections, 142 SCRA 727Tobias vs. Abalos, 239 SCRA 106Cawaling vs. Commission on Elections, 368 SCRA 453Miranda vs. Aguirre, 314 SCRA 603League of Cities of the Phils. Vs COMELEC (GR Nos. 176951, 177499, 178056, Nov. 18, 2008; Dec. 21, 2009; Aug. 4, 2010; Feb. 15, 2011; Apr. 12, 2011; June 28, 2011)Art. X, Sec. 11 – 14

Autonomous RegionsArt. X, Sec. 15 Ordillo vs. Commission on Elections, 192 SCRA 100Art. X, Sec. 16- 21

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G. Recognition of the Rights of Indigenous Cultural CommunitiesArt. II, Sec. 22Cruz vs. Secretary of Environment & Natural Resources, (347 SCRA 128)Cariño v. Insular Government, 212 US 449, 1909Art. VI, Sec. 5(2)Art. XII, Sec. 5Art. XIII, Sec. 6Art. XIV, Sec. 17Art. XVI, Sec. 12The Province of North Cotabato v. The Government of the Rep. of the Philippines Peace Panel on Ancestral Domain - G.R. No. 183591, Oct. 14, 2008

H. Honest Public Service and Full Public DisclosureArt. II, Secs. 27 & 28Art. III, Sec. 7Bantay Republic Act v. COMELEC – GR. No. 177314, May 4, 2007Art. XI, Sec. 17Art. VI, Sec. 12Art. VI, Sec. 20Art. IX, D, Sec. 4Art. XI, Secs. 4-7Zaldivar vs. Sandiganbayan, 160 SCRA 843Perez vs. Sandiganbayan, 503 SCRA 252Art. XI, Sec. 8- 12Almonte vs. Vasquez, 244 SCRA 286*Raro vs. Sandiganbayan, 335 SCRA 581Art XI, Sec. 13Deloso vs. Domingo, 191 SCRA 545Laxina vs. Office of the Ombudsman, 471 SCRA 542*Office of the Ombudsman vs. Estandarte, 521 SCRA 155 *Office of the Ombudsman vs. Madriaga, 503 SCRA 631Macalino vs. Sandiganbayan, 376 SCRA 452, 2002Art. XI, Sec. 14- 15Presidentiall Ad Hoc Fact-Finding Committee on Behest Loans vs. Desierto, 317 SCRA 272Art. XI, Sec. 16

I. Foreign LoansArt. VII, Sec. 20Constantino vs. Cuisia, 472 SCRA 505Art. XII, Sec. 21

J. Executive Agreements on Natural ResourcesArt. XII, Sec. 2Art. VI, Sec. 12

K. Health of the PresidentArt. VII, Sec. 12Valmonte vs. Belmonte (170 SCRA 256)Legaspi v. CSC, 150 SCRA 530

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STRUCTURE AND POWERS OF GOVERNMENT

X. The Separation of Powers

A. CongressLambino v. COMELEC – GR. No. 174153, October 25, 2006

1. Composition, Qualifications, and Term of Office Senators

Art. VI, Secs. 2-4Art. XVIII, Sec. 2

RepresentativesArt. VI, Sec. 5*Tobias vs. Abalos, 239 SCRA 106Navarro vs Exec Secretary, GR. No. 180050 (Feb. 10, 2010)Aquino and Robredo vs COMELEC, GR. No. 189793 (April 7, 2010)Art. VI, Sec. 6-8Art. IX, C, Secs. 6-8Art. XVIII, Sec. 7R.A. 7941, “Party-List System Act”Veterans Federation Party v. COMELEC, GR No.136781, Oct. 6, 2000BANAT vs. COMELEC – GR. No. 179271, April 2009BANAT vs. COMELEC – GR. No. 179295, July 8, 2009Amores vs. HRET – GR. No. 189600, June 29, 2012 Ang Ladlad LGBT Party vs COMELEC – GR. No. 190582, April 8, 2010V.C. Cadangen vs COMELEC – GR. No. 177179, June 5, 2009 Population Requirement

Mariano vs. Commission on Elections, 242 SCRA 211Intent of the Party-List System Ang Bagong Bayani-OFW Labor Party vs. COMELEC, 359 SCRA 69, 2001Basis for Counting Votes Ang Bagong Bayani-OFW Labor Party vs. COMELEC, 404 SCRA 719, 2003Residency Requirement *Co vs. Electoral Tribunal of the House of Representatives, (199 SCRA 692) *Aquino vs. Commission on Elections, 248 SCRA 400 Romualdez-Marcos vs. Commission on Elections, 248 SCRA 300 Perez vs. Commission on Elections, 317 SCRA 641 Pundaodaya v. COMELEC – GR. No. 179313, September 17, 2009 Limbona v. COMELEC – GR. No. 186006, October 16, 2009Other Qualifications Social Justice Society v. Dangerous Drugs Bd – GR. No. 157870 and Pimentel v. COMELEC – GR. No. 161658, Nov. 3, 2008 “Term” of Office Dimaporo vs. Mitra (202 SCRA 779, 1991)Synchronized Terms of Office

Art. XVIII, Secs. 1-2

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2. ElectionArt. VI, Sec. 8-9R.A. 6645 (Dec 28, 1987)Art. IX, C, Sec. 11Lozada vs. COMELEC (120 SCRA 337, 1983)

3. Salaries, Privileges, and Disqualifications a. Salaries Art. VI, Sec. 10

Art. XVIII, Sec. 17Philconsa vs. Mathay (18 SCRA 300, 1966)Ligot vs. Mathay (56 SCRA 823, 1974)

b. Freedom from Arrest Art. VI, Sec. 11Martinez vs. Morfe (44 SCRA 22, 1972)People vs. Jalosjos, 324 SCRA 689

c. Speech and Debate ClauseJimenez vs. Cabangbang (17 SCRA 876, 1966)Osmeña vs. Pendatun (109 Phil 863)Pobre v. Santiago – AC. No. 7399, August 25, 2009

d. DisqualificationArt. VI, Sec. 13Adaza vs. Pacana, Jr. (135 SCRA 431, 1985)Art. VI, Sec. 14Puyat vs. de Guzman, Jr. (113 SCRA 31, 1982)Liban v. Gordon – Gr. No. 175352, July 2009

e. Duty to DiscloseArt. XI, Sec. 17SALN Cases – Impeachment of CJ CoronaRabe vs Flores (AM P-1247, May 14, 1997) Cavite Crusade for Good Gov’t vs Cajigal (AM RTJ 1562, Nov. 23, 2001)Concerned Taxpayer vs Doblada (AM P-99-1342, June 8, 2005)Ombudsman vs Racho (GR No. 185685, Jan. 31, 2011)Carabeo vs Sandiganbayan (GR No. 190580-81, Feb. 21, 2011)

Art. VI, Sec. 12Art. VI, Sec. 20R.A. 3019, “Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act”

4. Internal Government of Congressa. Election of Officers

Art. VI, Sec. 16Art. VI, Sec. 19Santiago vs. Guingona, 298 SCRA 756 and Tatad vs Guingona – GR. No. 134577, Nov. 18, 1988

b. QuorumArt. VI, Sec. 16(2)

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Avelino vs. Cuenco (83 Phil 17, 1949)Art VI, Sec. 21

c. Rules of ProceedingsArt. VI, Secs. 16(3)Art. VI, Sec. 21Pacete vs. Sec. of the Commission on Appointments (40 SCRA 58, 1971)*Altarejos vs. Molo (25 SCRA 550)Arroyo vs. De Venecia, 277 SCRA 268Alejandrino vs. Quezon (46 Phil 83, 1924)

d. Discipline of MembersArt. VI, Sec. 16 (3)*Osmena vs. Pendatun (109 Phil 863, 1960)Vera vs. Avelino, 77 Phil 192 (1946)*Alejandrino vs. Quezon (46 Phil 83, 1924)Santiago vs. Sandiganbayan (356 SCRA 636)Art. VI, Sec. 17

e. Journal and Congressional RecordsArt. VI, Sec. 16 (4)*Mabanag vs. Lopez Vito (78 Phil 1, 1947)Casco vs. Gimenez (7 SCRA 347, 1963)Morales vs. Subido (27 SCRA 131, 1969)Astorga vs. Villegas (56 SCRA 714, 1974)Philippine Judges Association vs. Prado, 227 SCRA 703US vs. Pons (34 Phil 729, 1916)Art. VI, Secs 26-27Art. XI, Sec. 3*Marshall Field & Co. vs. Clark (143 US 649, 1891)Art. VI, Sec 16 (4)

f. SessionsArt. VI, Sec 15Art. VI, Secs 16 (5), 15Art. VII, Secs 10, 11, 18Art. VII, Sec 4 & 9Art. VI, Sec 23Art. XVII, Sec 1Art. VII, Sec 18Trillanes vs Judge Pimentel – GR. No. 179817, June 28, 2008

5. Electoral TribunalsArt. VI, Sec 17Art. VI, Sec 19a. Composition

Tanada vs. Cuenco (103 Phil 1051, 1957)Abbas vs. Senate Electoral Tribunal (166 SCRA 651)

b. Nature of Function*Angara vs. Electoral Commission (63 Phil 139)Sampayan vs. Daza (213 SCRA 807)

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Guerrero vs. Commission on Elections (336 SCRA 458)*Rasul vs. Commission on Elections (GR. No. 134142, August 24, 1999)Codilla vs. De Venecia (393 SCRA 639)Roces vs. House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal (469 SCRA 681)Dimaporo v. COMELEC – GR. No. 179285, February 11, 2008Limkaichong v. COMELEC – GR. No. 178831-32, April 1, 2009 *Pimentel III v. COMELEC - GR. No. 178413, March 13, 2008*Duenas v. HRET – GR. No. 185401, July 21, 2009*Seneres v. Robles – GR. No. 178678, April 16, 2009Request of JJ Melencio-Herrera, Cruz & Feliciano as Members of

the HRET (SC Resolution of March 19, 1991)*Suanes vs. Chief Accountant of COA (81 Phil. 818, 1948)*Vera vs. Avelino (77 Phil 192, 1946)

c. Independence of the Electoral TribunalBondoc vs. Pineda (201 SCRA 792, 1991)

d. Powers*Lazatin vs. House Electoral Tribunal (168 SCRA 391)Abayon vs HRET (612 SCRA 375, 2010)ABC vs COMELEC (GR No. 193256, March 22, 2011)

e. Judicial Review of Decisions of Electoral Tribunals*Co vs. Electoral Tribunal of the House of Rep (199 SCRA 692, 1991)Garcia vs HRET (GR No. 134792, August 12, 1999)

6. Commission on AppointmentsArt. VI, Sec 18Art. VI, Sec 19Daza vs. Singson (180 SCRA 496)Cunanan vs. Tan (5 SCRA 1, 1962)Coseteng vs. Mitra (187 SCRA 377)Guingona vs. Gonzales (GR No. 106971, Oct. 20, 1992 and March 1, 1993)Art. VII, Sec 16Drilon vs De Venecia – GR. No. 180055, July 31, 2009

7. Legislative Powers Legislative Powers & Limitations (Appropriations/Tax/Royalty/Delegation)

Art. VI, Secs 1, 21 to 32Art. IIIArt. VII, Secs 4, 9 to 11, 16 to 22 Demetria vs. Alba (148 SCRA 208)Sanchez vs COA (552 SCRA 471, 2008)Art. XIV, Sec 4Art. X, Secs 5, 18Pelaez vs .Auditor General (15 SCRA 569)*Cardona vs. Binangonan, 36 Phil. 547

- Legislative InvestigationsArnault vs. Nazareno (87 Phil 29, 1950) *Lopez vs. de los Reyes (55 Phil 170, 1930)Arnault vs. Balagtas (97 Phil 358, 1955)

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Bengzon vs Senate Blue Ribbon Committee (203 SCRA 767)Sabio vs. Gordon (504 SCRA 704)Standard Chartered Bank v. Senate Committee on Banks, Financial Institution and Currencies – G.R. No. 167173, December 27, 2007Romero v. Estrada – G.R. No. 174105, April 2, 2009Dela Paz v. Senate – G.R. No. 184849, February 13, 2009Garcillano vs House of Rep. Committees (GR No. 170338, Dec. 23, 2008)Abakada Guro Party List vs Purisima (562 SCRA 251, 2008)Vicente V. Mendoza, The Use of Legislative Purpose as a Limitation on the Congressional Power of Investigation, 46 PLJ 707, 1971Senate vs. Ermita (488 SCRA 1)Gudani vs. Senga (498 SCRA 671)*Kilbourn vs. Thompson (103 US 168, 1880)Neri vs. Senate Committee on Accountability of Public Officers – G.R. No. 180643, March 25, 2008 and September 04, 2008Art. VIII, Secs 1, 8 (2)Art. IX, B, C, D, 1 [2]Art. VIII, Sec. 8 [2]

- Confirmation of AppointmentsSarmiento vs. Mison (156 SCRA 549)Art. XVI, Sec. 5Art. VII, Sec 11Art. XI, Secs. 2 & 3RA 3019

- ImpeachmentRomulo vs. Yniguez (141 SCRA 263)Lecaroz vs. Sandiganbayan (128 SCRA 324, 1984)CJ Corona’s CasesJ del Castillo’s Cases (Plagiarism)

- Utilization of Natural ResourcesArt. XII, Sec. 2

- Amendment of the ConstitutionArt. XVII, Secs. 1-4Art. XV, Sec. 1, The 1935 Constitution

8. Legislative Processa. Requirements as to Bills - Title of Bills

BANAT vs. COMELEC – GR. No. 177508, August 7, 2009Art. VI, Sec. 26Cruz vs. Paras (123 SCRA 569, 1983)BP 337, Local Government CodeTolentino vs Sec. of Finance (GR No. 115455, Aug. 25, 1994)Tio vs Videogram Regulatory Board (GR No. L75697, June 18, 1987)

b. Additional Requirements for Specific Measures - Appropriations

Art. VII, Sec 22

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Art. VI, Secs. 24-25Demetria vs. Alba (148 SCRA 208, 1987)Guingona vs. Carague (196 SCRA 221, 1991)

- TaxesArt. XIV, Sec. 5Art. VI, Sec. 28Art. XIV, Sec. 4Art. X, Sec. 5Art. VI, Sec. 23Art. VI, Sec. 29Art. X, Sec. 6CIR vs. Fortune Tobacco Corp – G.R. Nos. 167274-75, July 21, 2008*Planters Products Inc. v. Fertiphil G.R. No. 166006, March 14, 2008Quezon City v. ABS-CBN G.R. No. 166408 Oct. 6, 2008MIAA vs. City of Pasay – G.R. No. 163072, April 2, 2009

- Taxation of Religious and Charitable InstitutionsAbra vs. Hernando (107 SCRA 104, 1981)YMCA vs. Collector (33Phil 217, 1916)Bishop of Nueva Segovia vs. Provincial Board (51 Phil 352, 1972)*Apostolic Prefect vs. City Treasurer (71 Phil 547, 1941)*Hodges vs. Municipal Board of Iloilo City (19 SCRA 28, 1967)

c. Procedure for the Passage of Bills and the Exercise of Veto PowerArt. VI, Sec. 27Art. 1, Sec 7, The United States ConstitutionArt. VI, Sec. 20, The 1935 ConstitutionBolinao Electronics Corp. vs. Valencia (11 SCRA 486)Gonzales vs. Macaraig (191 SCRA 452)Bengzon vs. Drilon (208 SCRA 133, 1992)Miller vs. Mardo (2 SCRA 539, G.R. No. L-15138, July 31, 1961)

d. Effectivity of LawsTanada vs. Tuvera (136 SCRA 27, 1985)Art. 2, Civil CodePeople vs. Que Po Lay (94 Phil 640, 1956)EO No. 200, June 18, 1987

e. Initiative and Referendum

B. Executive Department1. Qualification, Election, Term and Oath

Art. VII, Secs 2, 4, 5, 10RA 9189, Overseas Absentee Voting Act of 2003Art. XVIII, Sec 5

Aberrations : Snap Elections*In re Saturnino Bermudez (145 SCRA 160)*Philippine Bar Association vs COMELEC (140 SCRA 455)*Pormento vs Estrada (629 SCRA 530, 2010)

17

Canvass of VotesMacalintal vs COMELEC (GR No. 157013, July 10, 2003) Brillantes vs COMELEC ((GR No. 163193, June 15, 2004)Pimentel vs. Joint Committee (GR No. 163783, June 22, 2004) Ruy Elias Lopez vs Senate (GR No. 163556, June 8, 2004)

Election ContestTecson vs. COMELEC, 424 SCRA 277Defensor-Santiago vs Ramos (253 SCRA 559, 1996)Legarda vs De Castro, 542 SCRA 125 (2008)

2. Privilege and Salary and Prohibitions Art. VII, Sec. 63. Prohibitions

Art. VII, Sec. 13*Civil Liberties Union vs Executive Secretary (194 SCRA 317, 1991)EO 284 of 25 July 1987, Authorizing the Holding of Other Govt PositionsDela Cruz vs. COA, 371 SCRA 157PIC vs Elma (494 SCRA 53, 2006 and 517 SCRA 336, 2007)

Comparison with other OfficialsArt. VI, Sec 13Art. IX, A, Sec 2Art. IX, B, Sec 7Art. VIII, Sec 12

Exceptions to ProhibitionsArt. XII, Sec 9Art. VII, Sec 3Art. VIII, Sec 8Art. IX, B, 7, par. 2

4. Succession and RemovalArt. VII, Secs 7, 4, 10, 8, 11, 12Art. XI, Secs 2 & 3Estrada vs. Desierto, 353 SCRA 452Estrada vs. Desierto 356 SCRA 108

5. Various Powers and Functions of the Presidenta. Executive Power

Art. VII, Secs 1 & 17Nat’l Electrification Administration vs CA (GR No. 143481, Feb. 15,2002)Marcos vs Manglapus (177 SCRA 668; 178 SCRA 760)Art. VII, Sec. 14-23Webb vs. De leon, 247 SCRA 652Philippines Constitution Association vs. Enriquez , 235 SCRA 506The Province of North Cotabato v. The Government of the Republic of the

Philippines Peace Panel on Ancestral Domain - G.R. No. 183591, Oct. 14, 2008b. Control of Executive Departments

Planas vs Gil (67 Phil 62)Villena vs Secretary of Interior (67 Phil 451)

18

Myers vs US (272 US 52)Mondano vs Silvosa (97 Phil 143)MEWAP vs Romulo (GR No. 160093, July 31, 2007)*Free Telephone Workers Union vs Minister of Labor (108 SCRA 757)*Blaquera vs. Alcala, 295 SCRA 366Hutchison Ports Phil, Ltd vs. Subic Bay Metropolitan Auth 339 SCRA 434*Cruz vs. Sec of Environmental & Nat Resources, 347 SCRA 128*Land Car Inc. vs. Bachelor Express Inc., 417 SCRA 207*Chavez vs. Romulo, 431 SCRA 534Kilusang Mayo Uno vs. Director General, NEDA, 487 SCRA 623DENR vs. DENR Region 12 Employees, 409 SCRA 359*Constantino vs. Cuisia, 472 SCRA 505PASEI vs Torres (GR No. 98472, August 19, 1993)Tondo Medical vs CA (GR No. 167324, July 17, 2007)*Anak Mindanao vs Executive Secretary (GR No. 166052, Aug. 29, 2007)Biraogo vs Phil. Truth Comm’n (GR Nos. 192935, 193036, Dec. 7, 2010)

c. General Supervision of Local Governments & Autonomous RegionsArt. X, Secs. 4 & 16*Ganzon vs CA (200 SCRA 271)

d. Power of Appointment*Concepcion vs Paredes, G.R. No. 17539, December 23, 1921 *Sarmiento vs Mison (156 SCRA 549)Bautista vs Salonga (172 SCRA 60)Quintos-Deles vs Commission on Appointments (177 SCRA 259)Art. VII, Sec 16Art. XVIII, Sec 7Calderon vs Carale (208 SCRA 254)*Endencia and Jugo vs David (93 Phil 696)Ramos vs Alvarez (97 Phil 844)Art. IX, B, Sec 1Art. IX, C, Sec 1Art. IX, D, Sec 1Art. VIII, Sec 8Art. XVIII, Sec. 7Art. X, Sec 18

i. Non-DelegabilityBinamira vs Garrucho, (188 SCRA 154)

ii. Necessity of DiscretionFlores vs. Drilon, 223 SCRA 568Bermudez vs. Torres, 311 SCRA 733Pobre vs. Mendieta, 224 SCRA 738

iii. Prohibition during Election Period*Aytona v. Castillo (114 Phil VII, 1962)In re: Appointment of Valenzuela, 298 SCRA 408De Castro vs JBC (GR No. 191002, March 17, 2010 and April 20, 2010)CJ Corona’s Appointment as CJ of the Supreme Court

19

iv. Temporary AppointmentsPimentel vs. Ermita, 472 SCRA 587*Sarmiento vs. Mison, 156 SCRA 549Soriano III vs. Lista, 399 SCRA 437

v. Appointment of Subordinate OfficersRufino vs Endriga (GR No. 139554, July 21, 2006)

vi. Upon JBC’s RecommendationArt. VIII, Sec 9Art. XI, Sec 9Chavez v. JBC Council, GR No. 202242, July 17, 2012 and August 3, 2012

vii. VP as Cabinet MemberArt. VII, Sec 3

e. Limitations on Appointing Power of the PresidentArt. VII, Sec 13Art. VII, Sec 15Aytona vs Castillo (4 SCRA 1, 1962)Jorge vs Mayor (10 SCRA 331, 1964)Quimsing vs Tajanglangit (10 SCRA 446, 1964)Art. VI, Sec 19Art. VII, Sec 16Valencia vs Peralta (8 SCRA 692)Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila vs IAC (140 SCRA 22)Matibag vs Benipayo (GR No. 149036, April 2, 2002)*Soriano III vs Lista (GR No. 153881, March 24, 2003)Lacson vs Romero (84 Phil 740)*Pimentel vs Ermita (GR No. 164978, October 13, 2005)De Rama vs CA (GR No. 131136, February 28, 2001)*In Re Mateo Valenzuela (A.M. No. 98-5-01-SC, November 9, 1998)Administrative Code of 1987, Book III, Sec 17

f. Limitations of the Appointing Power of the Acting PresidentArt. VII, Secs 14, 15, 16

6. Executive ClemenciesArt. VII, Sec. 19Art. IX, C, Sec 5

a. Pardon and Probation*People vs Vera (65 Phil 56, 1937)

b. Pardon and ParoleTesoro vs Director of Prisons (68 Phil 154, 1939)Torres vs Gonzales (152 SCRA 272)RPC, Art. 159

c. Pardon and AmnestyBarrioquinto vs Fernandez (82 Phil 642)*Brown vs Walker, 161 US 602

d. Effects of PardonCristobal vs Labrador (71 Phil 34, 1940)

20

Pelobello vs Palatino (72 Phil 441, 1941)Lacuna vs Abes (24 SCRA 780)Monsanto vs Factoran (170 SCRA 190)

e. Sanctions for Violations of Conditional Pardon*Torres vs Gonzales (152 SCRA 272)People vs Nacional (GR No. 11294, September 7, 1995)

f. Pardoning Power’s Application to Administrative CasesLlamas vs Executive Secretary Orbos (202 SCRA 844, 1991)Administrative Code of 187, Book V, Sec 53, Chapter 7, Subtitle A, Title I

g. Who May Avail of AmnestyTolentino vs Catoy (82 Phil 300, 1948)Macaga-an vs People (152 SCRA 430)People vs Patriarca (GR No. 135457, September 29, 2000)Vera vs People (7 SCRA 152, 1963)Republic vs IAC (GR No. 69344, April 16, 1991)

h. Requirement of Finality of ConvictionPeople vs Salle (250 SCRA 581)*People vs Bacang (260 SCRA 44)

i. CommutationDrilon vs. Courts of Appeals, 202 SCRA 378

j. Time and Effects of AmnestyPeople vs Casido ( GR No. 116512, March 7, 1997)People vs. Salig, 133 SCRA 59*People vs Llaneta (86 Phil 219)

7. Commander-in-ChiefArt. VII, Sec 18Art. III, Sec 13Art. VIII, Sec 1Art. III, Sec 2RPC, Art. 124RPC, Art. 125, as amended by EO 272

a. Supreme Court Decisions vs the 1987 ConstitutionMorales vs Ponce Enrile, GR No. L-61016 & L-61107 (April 26, 1983)Aquino vs Ponce Enrile (59 SCRA 183, 1974)Garcia-Padilla vs Ponce Enrile (121 SCRA 472, 1983)Barcelona v. Baker – GR No. 2808, September 30, 1905Montenegro v. Castañeda – GR No. L-4221, August 30, 1952Aquino vs Military Commission No. 2 (63 SCRA 546)

b. Unaffected JurisprudenceArt. VII, Sec. 18, par. 3 in relation to Lansang vs Garcia (42 SCRA 446, 1971)Olaguer vs Military Commission No. 34 (150 SCRA 144)

8. Emergency PowersArt. VI, Sec 23Araneta vs Dinglasan (84 Phil 368, 1949)Rodriguez vs Gella (92 Phil 603, 1953)

Power to Call Out Armed Forces

21

IBP vs. Zamora, 338 SCRA 81Sanlakas vs. Executive Secretary, 421 SCRA 656*Gudani vs Senga (GR No. 170165, August 15, 2006)David vs Macapagal-Arroyo, 489 SCRA 160

Suspension of the Privilege of the Writ of Habeas CorpusAberca vs. Ver, 160 SCRA 590 AND GR No. 166216, March 14, 2012

Other PowersLacson vs Perez (GR No. 147780, May 10, 2001)Navales vs Gen. Abaya (GR No. 162318, October 25, 2004)

9. Contracting & Guaranteeing Foreign Loans Art. VII, Sec. 20Art. XII, Sec. 21*Constantino vs. Cuisia, 472 SCRA 505RA 240RA 4860Art. VI, Sec. 24

10. Power over Foreign AffairsArt. VII, Sec. 21Art. VIII, Sec. 5Nicolas v. Romulo – G.R. No. 175888, February 11, 2009*PMPF vs Manglapus (GR No. 84642, Sept. 13, 1988)*Chavez vs PEA, GR No. 133250 (9 July 2002, 6 May 2003, 11 Nov 2003) *Chavez vs PCGG, GR No. 130716 (9 Dec. 1998 and 19 May 1999)AKBAYAN v. Aquino – G.R. No. 170516, July 16, 2008Neri vs. Senate Committee on Accountability of Public Officers – G.R. No. 180643,March 25, 2008 & Sept 4, 2008 Resolution on Motion for ConsiderationVinuya vs Executive Secretary (GR No. 162230, April 28, 2010)

- Treating-Making PowersPimentel vs. Office of the Executive Secretary 462 SCRA 622

- Executive AgreementsAbaya vs. Ebdane, 515 SCRA 720Commissioner of Customs vs Eastern Sea Trading (3 SCRA 351, 1961)USAFFE Veterans Assoc’n vs Treasurer (105 Phil 1030)Altman vs. US, 224 U.S. 583 (1912)CIR vs Gotamco (148 SCRA 36)*Gonzales vs Hechanova, GR No. L-21897 (22 Oct 1963)

- Deportation of Undesirable Aliens*Qua Chee Gan vs Deportation Board (9 SCRA 27, 1963)Go Tek vs Deportation Board (79 SCRA 17, 1977)Bayan vs Executive Secretary (GR No. 138570, October 10, 2000)

11. Power over LegislationArt. VII, Secs 22, 23 & 28Art. VI, Secs 23 & 27

12. Immunity from SuitCarillo vs Marcos (April 4, 1981)*In re Bermudez (145 SCRA 160, 1986)

22

*Nixon vs Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 731 (1982)*Harlow vs Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800 (1982)Soliven vs Makasiar; Beltran vs Makasiar (167 SCRA 393)Kilosbayan vs. Ermita & Gregory Ong – GR. No. 177721. July 03, 2007Rubrico vs Arroyo (GR No. 183871, February 18, 2012)*Estrada vs Disierto (GR Nos. 146710-15, March 2, 2001)Gloria vs CA (GR No. 119903, August 15, 2001)

13. Executive PrivilegeUS vs. Nixon, 418 U.S. 683, 1974 – Watergate Scandal*Senate vs Ermita (488 SCRA 1)Republic vs Sandiganbayan (GR No. 152154, July 15, 2003)*Neri vs. Senate (G.R. No.180643, March 25, 2008) March 25, 2008 and September 4, 2008 – Resolution on motion for consideration.AKBAYAN v. Aquino – G.R. No. 170516, July 16, 2008

14. The Vice PresidentArt. VII, Secs 3 to 6, 9Art. VII, Secs 8, 11, 13Art. XI, Secs 2 & 3Legarda vs. De Castro – P.E.T. Case No. 003, January 18, 2008

C. Judicial Department

Judicial IndependenceArt. VIII, Secs. 4, 2, 6, 11, 12, 10, 3, 5Art. IX, Sec. 2Art. VI, Sec. 30

*The Supreme Court a. Composition

Art. VIII, Secs. 4, 1US vs Lim Siongco (41 Phil 94, 1920)Vargas vs Rilloraza (80 Phil 297, 1948)

b. Appointment and QualificationsArt. VIII, Secs. 7, 8, 9Kilosbayan vs. Ermita & Gregory Ong – GR. No. 177721. July 3, 2007Topacio v. Ong – G.R. No. 179895, Dec. 18, 2008Chavez v. JBC, GR No. 202242, July 17, 2012 and August 3, 2012

c. SalaryArt. VIII, Sec. 10Art. XVIII, Sec. 17Perfecto vs Meer (85 Phil 552, 1950)RA 590, Sec. 13Endencia vs David (93 Phil 696, 1953)Art. XV, Sec. 6, The 1973 ConstitutionNitafan vs Commissioner of Internal Revenue (July 1987)

d. Security of Tenure and ReorganizationArt. VIII, Secs. 11, 2De la Llana vs Alba (112 SCRA 294, 1982)

23

e. RemovalArt. VIII, Sec. 2Art. XI, Sec. 2In Re: First Indorsement from Raul Gonzalez (A.M. No. 88-4-5433, April 15, 1988)

f. Fiscal AutonomyArt. VIII, Sec. 3*In Re: Petition for Recognition of the Exemption of the GSIS from other Payment of Legal Fees (612 SCRA 193)

g. JurisdictionVarious Issues involving the Courts and Their Jurisdictions *Rectification of Errors of JudgmentTocao vs CA (GR No. 127405, September 20, 2001)De Leon vs CA (GR No. 127182, December 5, 2001) *Control Enforcement of Court’s DecisionsEchegaray vs. Secretary of Justice, 301 SCRA 96 *Impairment of Judicial Power due to Prescription for Dispute SettlementPhil. Veterans Investment Devt Corp vs. Velez, 199 SCRA 405 *Investigation of “Unjust” Decisions of CourtIn re Laureta, 148 SCRA 382

*Performance of Non-Judicial FunctionsIn re Designation of Judge Manzano as Member of the Ilocos Norte Provincial

Committee on Justice, 166 SCRA 246 *Unconstitutionality of BillsMontesclaros vs. Commission on Elections, 384 SCRA 269 *Reversal of Legal DoctrineRepublic vs. Garcia, 527 SCRA 495 *Jurisdiction of the CourtsMantruste Systems, Inc. vs. Court of Appeals, 179 SCRA 136

- Power of Judicial ReviewArt. VIII, Sec. 5*Angara vs Electoral Commission (63 Phil 139, 1936)*Estrada vs. Desierto, 353 SCRA 452Francisco vs. House of Representatives, 415 SCRA 44Fabian vs. Desierto, 295 SCRA 470

Conditions for the Exercise of Judicial Review*People vs Vera (65 Phil 56, 1937)

Actual ControversyAbbas vs. Commission on Elections, 179 SCRA 287*Macasiano vs. National Housing Authority, 224 SCRA 236*Senate vs. Ermita, 488 SCRA 1The Province of North Cotabato v. GRP Peace Panel on Ancestral Domain - G.R.

No. 183591, October 14, 2008

24

Constantino v. People – GR. No. 140656, Sept. 13, 2007Radaza v. CA – GR. No. 177135, October 15, 2008Gunsi v. COMELEC – GR. No. 168792, Feb. 23, 2009Suplico v. NEDA – GR. No. 178830, July 14, 2008John Hay v. Lim, GR No. 119775, October 24, 2003

Proper StandingMacalintal vs. Commission on Elections, 405 SCRA 614*Republic vs. Nolasco, 457 SCRA 400 Executive Secretary vs. Court of Appeals, 429 SCRA 81*Philippine Constitution Association vs. Enriquez, 235 SCRA 506Del Mar vs. Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation, 346 SCRA 485Tatad vs. Garcia, 243 SCRA 436*Cruz vs. Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources, 347 SCRA 128*Francisco vs. House of Representatives, 415 SCRA 44Garcillano v. House of Representaive – GR. No. 170338, Dec. 23, 2008Tolentino vs. Commission on Elections, 420 SCRA 438*Province of Batangas vs. Romulo, 429 SCRA 736*Planters Products Inc. vs. Fertiphil Corp., (548 SCRA 485, 2008)Southern Hemisphere vs. Anti-Terrorism Council, 632 SCRA 146 (2010)Holder vs. Humanitarian Law Project (No. 08-1498, June 21, 2010)

Absence of Standing*Joya vs. Presidential Commission on Good Government, 225 SCRA 568*Kilosbayan, Inc. vs. Morato, 246 SCRA 540Telecommunications & Broadcast Attys of the Phil vs.COMELEC, 289 SCRA 337Tichangco vs. Enriquez, 433 SCRA 324Domingo vs. Carague, 456 SRCA 450

Pleading at the Earliest Opportunity*People vs. Leachon, 296 SCRA 163*Matibag vs. Benipayo, 380 SCRA 49La Bugal-B’Laan Tribal Association, Inc. vs. Ramos, 421 SCRA 148Estarija vs. Ranada, 492 SCRA 652ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corp. v. Phil. Multi-media Inc. – GR. Nos. 175769-70Serrano v. Gallant Maritime Services, Inc. GR. No. 167614, Mar. 24, 2009Moldex Realty, Inc. vs. HLURB (525 SCRA 198, 2007)

Lis MotaMirasol vs. Court of Appeals, 351 SCRA 44*Francisco vs. House of Representatives, 415 SCRA 44*David vs. Arroyo, 489 SCRA 160Serrano v. Gallant Maritime Services, Inc. GR. No. 167614, Mar. 24, 2009

Political Questions*PBA vs COMELEC (140 SCRA 455)

25

*Javellana vs. Executive Secretary (50 SCRA 30)*Romulo vs Yniguez*Dumlao vs COMELEC (95 SCRA 392)

Court Jurisdiction over Judicial Review*J.M.Tuason & Co. vs CA (3 SCRA 696, 1961) Ynot vs IAC (148 SCRA 659, 1987)

Judicial Review and Political QuestionArt. VIII, Sec. 1*Tanada vs Cuenco*Garcia-Padilla vs Ponce Enrile*Garcia vs BOI (191 SCRA 288)

Judicial RestraintPPA vs CAChavez vs COMELEC

Cases where Penalty Imposed is Reclusion PerpetuaArt. VIII, Sec. 5*People vs Daniel, 86 SCRA 511, 1978*People vs Ramos, 88 SCRA 466, 1979Rule 124, Sec. 13, Rules of CourtArt. VII, Secs. 18, 4Lopez vs Roxas (17 SCRA 756, 1966)Art. IX, A, Sec. 7

h. Congressional Power over Jurisdiction of SC

Art. VIII, Sec. 2Art. VI, Sec. 30*Mantruste Systems, Inc. vs CA

Supreme Court’s JurisdictionJudiciary Act of 1948, Sec. 17Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980 (BP129), Sec. 5 (3)Art. VIII, Sec. 14

i. Administrative Powers/Rule-Making Power/Quasi-Judicial Work Supervision of Courts

Art. VIII, Sec. 6In Re: Undated Letter of Mr. Louis C. Biraogo, Petitioner in Biraogo v. Nograles

and Limkaichong, (GR. No. 179120, 580 SCRA 106, 2009)Noblejas vs. Teehankee, GR. No. L-28790, April 29, 1968Lorenzo v. Lopez – AM. No. 2006-02-SC, Oct. 15, 2007Ampong v. CSC – GR. No. 167916, August 26, 2008

26

Temporary Assignment of JudgesArt. VIII, Sec. 5

Order a Change of VenuePeople vs. Pilotin, 65 SCRA 635People vs. Sola, 103 SCRA 393

Discipline of Lower Court JudgesArt. VIII, Sec. 11

Appointment of Officials & Employees of the Entire JudiciaryArt. VIII, Sec. 5

Appointment of All Officials in Accordance with Civil Service Law

j. Rule-MakingArt. VIII, Sec. 5In Re: Petition for Recognition of the Exemption of the GSIS from Payment of

Legal Fees (612 SCRA 193, 2010)Baguio Market Vendors Multi-Purpose Cooperative vs. Cabato-Cortes(613 SCRA

733, 2010)Art. XVIII, Sec. 10

Prior to 1987 ConstitutionsIn re Cunanan, 94 Phil. 534, 1954

Scope*Javellana vs. DILG, 212 SCRA 475

Prohibitions Against Diminution of Substantive Rights*Philippine National Bank vs. Asuncion, 80 SCRA 321*Philippine National Bank vs. Independent Planters Assoc’n, Inc., 122 SCRA 113*Santero vs. Court of First Instance of Cavite, 153 SCRA 728*Damasco vs. Laqui, 166 SCRA 214*Magat vs. People, 201 SCRA 21*Fabian vs. Desierto, 295 SCRA 470*Tan vs. Bausch & Lomb, Inc., 478 SCRA 115*People vs. Mateo, 433 SCRA 640*People vs. Lacson, 400 SCRA 267*Republic vs. Gingoyon, 478 SCRA 474

Special CourtsLand Bank of the Philippines vs. De Leon, 388 SCRA 537

Quasi-Judicial BodiesTan vs. Commission on Elections, 507 SCRA 352

Rules on DemonstrationsIn re Valmonte, 296 SCRA XI

Requirements of International Agreements*Tañada vs. Angara, 272 SCRA 18

Administrative Supervision over the JudiciaryMaceda vs. Vasquez, 221 SCRA 464Sinsuat v. Hidalgo – AM. No. RTJ-08-2133, Aug. 6, 2008Caoibes Jr. v. Ombudsman – GR. No. 132177, July 19, 2001Fuentes vs. Office of the Ombudsman-Mindanao–GR. No. 124295, Oct. 23,2001

27

Garcia v. Miro – GR. No. 167409, Mar. 20, 2009People vs. Gacott, 245 SCRA 52*Echegaray vs Secretary of Justice (GR No. 132601, January 19, 1999)

Contempt Powers over Constitutional CommissionsIn Re: EM No.03-010- Order of the First Division of the Commission on Elections dated August 15, 2003, A.M. No. 03-8-22 SC (September 16, 2003)

Practice of ProfessionsArt. XII, Sec. 14

Rule re Martial Law/Suspension of the Privilege of the WritArt. VII, Sec. 18

k. No Quasi-Judicial & Administrative Work for JudgesArt. VIII, Sec. 12Meralco vs Pasay Transportation Co. (57 Phil 600, 1932)Garcia vs Macaraig (29 SCRA 106, 1971)*In re: Rodolfo Manzano (166 SCRA 246)

Presidential Electoral TribunalArt. VII, Sec. 4RA 1793*Lopez vs Roxas (17 SCRA 756, 1966)Art. VII, Sec. 4, par. 7 Chief Justice as Presiding Officer in Presidential Impeachment TrialArt. XI, Sec. 3 Chief Justice as Chair of the JBC

l. Report on the JudiciaryArt. VIII, Sec. 16

m. Manner of Sitting and Votes RequiredArt. VIII, Sec. 4Art. VII, Sec. 18Art. VII, Sec. 4, par. 7Firestone Ceramics vs CA (2000)Limketkai Sons Milling vs CA (261 SCRA 464)Rule 56, Sec. 11, Rules of CourtRule 125, Sec. 3, Rules of Court

n. Requirements as to DecisionsArt. VIII, Sec. 13Art. VIII, Sec. 4Consing vs CA (177 SCRA 14, 1989)Art. VIII, Sec. 14Valladolid vs Inciong (121 SCRA 205, 1983)Section 14, Chapter 3, Book VII, Administrative Code of 1987Air Manila vs Balatbat (38 SCRA 489, 1971)Bacolod Murcia Milling Co. vs Henares (107 Phil 560, 1960)

28

*Cruz vs Secretary of DENR (GR No. 135385, December 6, 2001) Minute Resolutions

Borromeo vs CA (186 SCRA 1)*People vs Baring (GR No. 137933, January 28, 2002)Prudential Bank vs Castro (158 SCRA 646)Mendoza vs CFI (51 SCRA 369, 1973)

o. Mandatory Period for Deciding CasesArt. VIII, Sec. 15In re: Problem of Delays in Cases before the Sandiganbayan (A.M. No. 00-8-05-SC, November 8, 2001)Art. VIII, Sec. 18Art. XVIII, Secs. 12 – 14Sesbreno v. CA – GR. No. 161390, April 16, 2008Cases Illustrating the “Changing” Decisions of the SC

p. Supreme Court as Presidential Electoral TribunalMacalintal v. P.E.T. (GR No. 191618, Nov. 23, 2010)

2. Lower Courtsa. Qualifications and Appointments

Art. VIII, Sec. 7 – 9Office of the Court Administrator v Estacion,(AM No RTJ-87-104, Jan. 11, 1990)

b. SalaryArt. VIII, Sec. 10

c. Congressional Power to Reorganize & Security of TenureArt. VIII, Sec. 11Art. VIII, Sec. 2Ocampo vs Secretary of Justice (51 OG 147, 1955)*De La Llana vs Alba (112 SCRA 294, 1982)

d. RemovalArt. VIII, Sec. 11

e. JurisdictionArt. VIII, Sec. 1J.M Tuason & Co. v. CA (3 SCRA 696, 1961)Ynot v. IAC (148 SCRA 659, 1987)

f. Requirements as to Preparation of DecisionsArt. VIII, Sec. 14Art. VIII, Sec. 13Francisco vs. Permskul, 173 SCRA 324People vs. Ordoño, 335 SCRA 331Nicos Industrial Corporation vs. Court of Appeals, 206 SCRA 127People vs. Viernes, 262 SCRA 641Salazar vs. Marigomen, 537 SCRA 25Komatsu Industries, Inc. vs. Court of Appeals, 289 SCRA 604

29

Nunal vs. Commission on Audit, 169 SCRA 356San Luis vs. Court of Appeals, 174 SCRA 258

g. Mandatory Periods for Deciding CasesArt. VIII, Sec. 15Art. XVIII, Secs. 12 – 14 relate to Marcelino vs CruzMarcelino vs. Cruz, 121 SCRA 51 (1983)De Roma vs CA (152 SCRA 205)People vs. Mendoza, 365 SCRA 289

3. Judicial and Bar CouncilArt. VIII, Sec. 8Existing Violation of the Composition of the JBCArt. XI, Sec. 9*In re Mateo Valenzuela (A.M. No. 98-5-01-SC, November 9, 1998)*Chavez v. JBC, GR No. 202242, July 17, 2012 and August 3, 2012

4. Automatic Release of Appropriation for the JudiciaryArt. VIII, Sec. 3GSIS v. Heirs of Caballero (GR No. 158090, Oct. 2, 2010)

II. THE CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSIONSArt. IX, A, Sec. 1

A. Civil Service Commission1. Composition & Qualifications of Commissioners

Art. IX, B, Sec. 1 Art. VII, Sec. 13Gaminde vs. Commission on Audit, 347 SCRA 655

2. Appointment & Term of OfficeArt. IX, B, Sec. 1

3. Appointment of Personnel of Constitutional CommissionsArt. IX, A, Sec. 4De Guzman vs. Commission on Elections, 336 SCRA 188

4. SalaryArt. XVIII, Sec. 17Art. IX, A, Sec. 3

5. DisqualificationArt. IX, A, Sec. 2

6. ImpeachmentArt. XI, Sec. 2

7. Functions of the CSCArt. IX, B, Sec. 3Art. IX, A, Sec. 7- 8Lazo vs. CSC, GR No. 108824, September 14, 1994

8. Scope of the Civil ServiceArt. IX, B, Sec. 2 Art. XII, Sec. 16National Service Corp. v. NLRC, 168 SCRA 122 (1988) TUPAS VS. NHA, 173 SCRA 33

30

*Alliance of Gov’t Workers v Minister of Labor and Employment, 124 SCRA 1 (1983)*National Housing Corp. v. Juco, 134 SCRA 172 (1985)University of the Philippines vs. Regino, 221 SCRA 598CSC vs. Sojor, 554 SCRA 160 (2008)PNOC-EDC vs. Leogardo, 175 SCRA 26Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System vs. Hernadez, 143 SCRA 602Quimpo v. Tanodbayan, 146 SCRA 137

a. Terms & Conditions of Employment in the Civil Servicei. Oath of Allegiance to the Constitution

Art. IX, B, Sec. 4Art. XI, Sec. 18

b. Merit Systemii. Appointment of Defeated Candidates

Art. IX, B, Sec. 6People vs. Sandiganbayan, 559 SCRA 449 (2008)

iii. Ban on Holding Multiple PositionsArt. IX, B, Sec. 7Art. VII, Sec. 13Art. VI, Sec. 13Art. VIII, Secs. 8 (1) (3) and 12Debulgado vs. Civil Service Commission, 237 SCRA 184*CLU v Executive Secretary, 194 SCRA 317 (1991)*Flores v. Drilon, 223 SCRA 568 (1993)Lorenzana vs. Fajardo, 462 SCRA 1

c. Standardization of Pay & Ban on Double CompensationArt. IX-B, Sec. 13Art. IX, B, Sec. 5Art. IX, B, Sec. 8Santos vs. Court of Appeals, 345 SCRA 553

d. Ban on Partisan Political ActivitiesArt. IX, B, Sec. 2Trinidad vs. Valle, 105 SCRA 606Vistan vs Nicolas, 201 SCRA 524Art. XVI, Sec. 5Cailles v. Bonifacio, 65 Phil 328 (1938)*Section 2, Art. XI of the 1935 ConstSantos v. Yatco, 59 OG 548 (1959)

e. Removal or Suspension only for CauseArt. IX, B, 2De los Santos v Mallare, 87 Phil 289Corpus v. Cuaderno, 13 SCRA 591 (1965)Ingles v. Mutuc, 26 SCRA 171 (1968)Cristobal v. Melchor, 78 SCRA 175 Griño vs. Civil Service Commission, 194 SCRA 458Samson vs. Court of Appeals, 145 SCRA 654Borres vs. Court of Appeals, 153 SCRA 120

31

Astruquillo vs. Manglapus, 190 SCRA 280Tamano vs Manglapus, 214 SCRA 567.Civil Service Commission vs. Salas, 274 SCRA 414

f. Right of Self-OrganizationArt. III, Sec. 8Art. IX, B, Sec. 2Book V, Title I, Subtitle A, Chapter 6, Administrative Code of 1987*Alliance of Gov’t Workers v. Minister of Labor, 124 SCRA 1 (1983)*National Service Corp. v. NLRC, 168 SCRA 122 (1988)*TUPAS v. NHA, 173 SCRA 33 (1989)

g. Right to StrikeSSS Employees Association v. CA, 175 SCRA 686EO 180*Manila Public School Teachers Assoc’n v. Laguio, 200 SCRA 323 (1991)

9. Review of DecisionsArt. IX, A, Sec. 7Dario v. Mison, 176 SCRA 84 (1989)Manalansang v. CSC, 203 SCRA 797 (1991)Mancita v. Barcinas, 216 SCRA 772 (1992)

10. Fiscal AutonomyArt. IX, A, Sec. 5Civil Service Commission vs. Department of Budget and Management, 464 SCRA 115Civil Service Commission vs. Department of Budget and Management, 482 SCRA 233

11. Approval of Appointments by the CSCBarrozo v. CSC, 198 SCRA 487Luego vs. Civil Service Commission, 143 SCRA 327

Temporary AppointmentsRomualdez vs. Civil Service Commission, 197 SCRA 168Province of Camarines Sur vs. Court of Appeals, 246, SCRA 281Decano vs. Edu, 99 SCRA 410Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila vs. Civil Service Commission, 241 SCRA 506Padilla vs. Civil Service Commission, 403 SCRA 116

Lack of Eligibility after ReorganizationNational Land Titles and Deeds Reg’n Adm vs. CSC, 221 SCRA 145De Tavera vs. Civil Service Corporation, 200 SCRA 759

Imposition of Additional Qualifications by the CSCJuliano vs. Subido, 62 SCRA 480

Declaration of VacancyMayor vs. Macaraig, 194 SCRA 672

Demotion/More Qualified Persons Central Bank vs. Civil Service Commission, 171 SCRA 744

Alim vs. Civil Service Commission, 204 SCRA 510Aquino vs. Civil Service Commission, 208 SCRA 240Gayatao vs. Civil Service Commission, 210 SCRA 183

Unclassified Service

32

Balquidra vs. Court of First Instance of Capiz, 80 SCRA 123Orcullo vs. Civil Service Commission, 358 SCRA 115

Acceptance of Separation PayDytiapco vs. Civil Service Commission, 211 SCRA 88

Validity of Appointment Dependent on Legality of DismissalCostin vs. Quimbo, 120 SCRA 159

TransfersDepartment of Education, Culture and Sports vs. Court of Appeals, 183 SCRA 555*De Guzman vs. Commission on Elections, 336 SCRA 188Cariño vs. Daoas, 380 SCRA 355Pastor vs. City of Pasig, 382 SCRA 232Rualo vs. Petargue, 449 SCRA 121

C. Commission on AuditArt. IX, D, Sec. 1Art. VII, Sec. 13Art. IX, A, Sec. 4Art. IX, A, Sec. 3Art. XVIII, Sec. 17Art. IX, A, Sec. 2Art. XI, Sec. 2Art. IX, D, Sec. 2Art. IX, D, Sec. 3Art. VI, Sec. 20Art. IX, A, Sec. 6Art. IX, A, Sec. 8Art. IX, A, Sec. 7Art. IX, A, Sec. 5

QualificationsFuna vs. Commission on Audit, GR No. 192791

Powers, Functions and Jurisdiction of COAYap vs. COA, GR No. 158562, April 23, 2010Veloso vs COA, GR No. 193677, September 6, 2011

Post-Audit of Pre-Audited ContractDevelopment Bank of the Philippines vs. Commission on Audit, 231 SCRA 202

Audit of Private Entities: InstancesBlue Bar Coconut Philippines, Inc. vs. Tantuico, 163 SCRA 716Euro-Med Laboratories, Phil., Inc. vs. Province of Batangas, 495 SCRA 301Phil. Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals vs. COA 534 SCRA 112, 2007

Determination of Failure of BiddingDanville Maritime, Inc. vs. Commission on Audit, 175 SCRA 701

Verification of Compliance and Powers Related TheretoLaysa vs. Commission on Audit, 343 SCRA 520*National Electrification vs. Commission on Audit, 377 SCRA 223Caltex Philippines. Inc. vs. Commission on Audit, 208 SCRA 726National Housing Authority vs. Commission on Audit, 226 SCRA 55

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Polloso vs. Gangan, 335 SCRA 750Aguinaldo vs. Sandiganbayan, 265 SCRA 121

Limitations on COAF.F. Manacop Construction Co. Inc. vs. Court of Appeals, 266 SCRA 235Uy vs. Commission on Audit, 328 SCRA 607Parreno vs. COA 523 SCRA 390 (2007)

Prohibition against Exemption from AuditBustamante vs. Commission on Audit, 216 SCRA 134Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Commission on Audit, 218 SCRA 203

Involvement of Private AuditorDevelopment Bank of the Philippines vs. Commission on Audit, 373 SCRA 356

Allowance of CondonationPDIC vs. COA, 546 SCRA 473 (2008)

Failure of the Sentinel of Government ResourcesCOA vs. Link Worth International, Inc., 581 SCRA 501 (2009)

OTHER AGENCIES AND OFFICES

A. Central Monetary AuthorityArt. XII, Sec. 20Art. XII, Sec. 21RA 7653

B. Economic and Planning AgencyArt. XII, Sec. 9. Art. XII, Sec. 10

C. National CommissionsArt. XIII, Sec. 17Art. XIII, Sec. 18Carino v. Commission on Human Rights, 204 SCRA 483 (1991)EPZA V. CHR, 208 SCRA 125

Art. XII, Sec. 17Art. XIV, Sec. 9Art. XVI, Sec. 6Carpio v. Executive Secretary, 206 SCRA 290 (1992)

PNP, RA 6975 NAPOLCOM v. De Guzman, 229 SCRA 801 (1994)Himagan v. PEOPLE, 237 SCRA 538 (1994)

Art. XVI, Sec. 12.

34

THE NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY

A. GoalArt. XII, Sec. 1

B. Natural ResourcesArt. XII, Sec. 1Art. XII, Sec. 3Act No. 141 (Public Land Act)Art. XII, Sec. 2P.D. 1973

Republic vs. Pagadian City Lumber, GR No. 159308 (Sept. 16, 2008)Carino vs Insular Government, 41 Phil 1935 (1909)CMU vs. Executive Secretary, GR No. 184869, Sept. 21, 2010Director of Lands v. IAC Acme Plywood and Veneer Co., GR No. 73002 (Dec. 29, 1986)Meralco v. Castro Bartolome, 114 SCRA 799 (1982)Republic v. Villanueva, 114 SCRA 675 (1982)Director of Lands v. IAC, 146 SCRA 509 (1986)Republic v. Court of Appeals, 155 SCRA 344 (1987)

Art. XII, Sec. 4Art. XII, Sec. 5Art. XII, Sec. 7Art. XII, Sec. 3, par. 1

Director of Lands vs. CA, 129 SCRA 689 (June 22, 1984)Republic vs. CA, 160 SCRA 228 (1988)Apex Mining vs. Southeast Mindanao Gold, GR Nos. 152613 & 152628 (Nov. 20, 2009)Republic vs. Naguiat, GR No. 134209 (January 24, 2006)Chavez vs. NHA, GR No. 164527 (August 15, 2007)Republic vs. Enciso, GR No. 160145 (Nov. 11, 2005)Director of Lands vs. Kalahi Investments, Inc., GR No. 48066 (January 31, 1989)

Art. XII, Sec. 8

Godines v. Pak Luen, 120 SCRA 223 (1983)Yap v. Grageda, 121 SCRA 244 (1983)Tejido v. Zamacoma, 138 SCRA 78 (1985)Moss v. Director of Lands, 80 SCRA 269 (1977)Republic v. Quasha, 46 SCRA 160 (1972)Cheeseman vs. IAC, 193 SCRA 93 (1991)Matthews vs. Taylor Spouses, GR No. 154584 (June 22, 2009)Republic vs Register of Deeds, GR No. 158230 (July 16, 2008)Hulst vs PR Builders, GR No. 156364 (Sept. 25, 2008)

35

Art. XIII, Sec. 1 (1935 Constitution)Art. XIV, Sec. 8 (1935 Constitution)Art. XIII, Sec. 2 (1935 Constitution)PD 471

Ramirez v. Vda. De Ramirez, 111 SCRA 704 (1982)

Art. XII, Sec. 8BATASANG PAMBANSA BLG. 185

Republic v. CA, 235 SCRA 567 (1994)

Art. XIII, Sec. 4-10Smith Bel & Co. v. Register of Deeds, 96 Phils 53 (1954)

Article 1643 (New Civil Code.)Art. XII, Sec. 6Art. XII, Sec. 12Art. XII, Sec. 13Art. XII, Sec. 9-10

*Manila Prince Hotel vs GSIS, GR No. 122156 (Feb. 3, 1997)*Tanada vs Angara, GR No. 118295 (May 2, 1997)Espina vs Zamora, GR No. 143855 (Sept. 21, 2010)

Art. XII, Sec. 16Art. XII, Sec. 11Francisco vs TRB, 633 SCRA 470Shell Philippines Exploration BV vs. Jalos, GR No. 179918 (Sept. 8, 2010)PAGCOR vs BIR, GR No. 172087 (March 15, 2011)Gamboa vs Finance Secretary, GR No. 176579 (June 28, 2011)

Art. XVI, Sec. 10- 11Art. XVIII, Sec. 23Art. XII, Sec. 14Art. XII, Sec. 17-19

Avon vs. Luna, GR No. 153674 (Dec. 20, 2006)Philippine Ports Authority v. Mendoza, 138 SCRA 632 (1985)Art. XII, Sec. 20-21Art. XII, Sec. 15

ESTACS (Education, Science, Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports)A. Language

Article XIV, Sec. 6- 9B. Science and Technology

36

Art. XIV, Sec. 10-13C. Arts and Culture

Art. XIV, Sec. 13Art. XIV, Sec. 15-18

D. SportsArt. XIV, Sec. 19

GENERAL PROVISIONSArticle XVI, Sec. 1Act No. 2928Texas v. Johnson, 491 US 397 (June 21, 1989)Ebralinag v. Division Superintendent of Schools of Cebu, 219 SCRA 256 (1993)Art. XVI, Sec. 2Com. Act. 382, Sept. 5, 1938Art. XVI, Sec. 4-5Art. XVIII, Sec. 24Art. XVI, Sec. 6Art. XVI, Sec. 7Art. XVI, Sec. 9

THE AMENDING PROCESSArt. XVII, Secs. 1 - 4