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CONSTITUTION
Chapter 6
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Supporters of Stronger Government
*Land Speculators
*Large Landowners
*Manufacturers
*Creditors
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Virginia (Madison) calls for convention to discuss commercial issues
Only 5 states show up
New York issue call for another convention to fix Articles
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Congress calls for a convention to:“render the constitution of the Federal government adequate to the exigencies of the union.”
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CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
1787 -Philly
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VIRGINIA PLAN
*2 Houses-Lower based on pop.-Upper picked by lower
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NEW JERSEY PLAN
*1 Houseequal voting
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GREAT COMPROMISE
2 Houseslower by rep.Upper 2 per
Roger Sherman
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SLAVERY
•3/5 Compromise
•Can’t ban slave trade for 20yrs
•Duty of $10 max
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FEDERAL SYSTEM
•shared/separate powers
•Constitution supreme law of the land
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How to stop Tyranny?
•Separation of Power
•Checks & Balances
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SovereigntyWhere does the power come from?
A of C – the states
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Constitution
Robert Morris
“We the people”
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FEDERALISTS
Supporters of Constitution
Washington, Franklin, Hamilton, Adams
Jefferson & Madison
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ANTI-FEDERALISTS
Against Constitution
S. Adams, P. Henry
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Help to Ratify
*Federalist Papers
Jay, Hamilton, Madison
*Bill of Rights
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ELECTION OF 1788
Washington 1st President - unanimous
Adams VP
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ACTIONS
OF THE 1ST
CONGRESS
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Bill of Rights
10 Amendments
1-9 limit Congress
10 states get all powers not withheld or delegated
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JUDICIARY ACT of 1789
Supreme Court – 6 members
13 District Courts
3 Circuit Courts
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CREATES 3 EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS
State, War, Treasury
2 Offices
Attorney General
Postmaster General
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State - Jefferson Vir. D-R
War - Knox Mass. Fed
Treasury- Hamilton NY. Fed
Att. Gen.–Randolph Vir. D-R
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Hamilton
Randolph Knox
Jefferson
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HAMILTON’S PLAN
•Recall Revolutionary bonds – replace with interest bearing bonds
•Take over State debts
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*National Bank
-provide loans to business
-deposit federal funds-collect taxes/pay expenditures –monopoly on Gov. banking
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HOW TO RAISE MONEY
*Sale of public land
*Tariff on imports
*Excise on Alcoholic liquors
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Many in South unhappy with plan
Hamilton makes deal with Jefferson and Madison
*Hamilton gets plan-Bank has 20 year Charter*South gets capital
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Program:restores public credit
raise manufacturers profits from tariffs and new
banking system
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Problems:
Small farmers pay too much in taxes
Many feel program is for the rich
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Those opposed to Hamilton’s plan become:
Democratic-Republicans
T Jeff
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Those who support Hamilton become the Federalists
Hamilton
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JEFFERSON’S VIEW*Agrarian Republic
*Independent citizen/farmer
Opposed to:
Industrial economy/large cities
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*sees western land as safety valve- keep US form becoming industrial like Europe
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FEDERALISTSStrong in commercial centers of Northeast
DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS
Strong in West and South
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Pennsylvania farmers upset about Federal tax on whiskey
Fell they already pay too much
Attack tax collectors
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Whiskey
Whiskey Rebellion
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Neutrality
*Citizen Genet-France
*Jay’s Treaty-England
*Pinckney’s Treaty-Spain
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Washington’s Farewell
*Benefits of Federal Gov. *Against Party System *Stable Public Credit *Permanent Foreign Alliances *Military Establishment
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Adams wins 1796 election
Jefferson comes in second
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$
XPickney Marshall
Gerry
YZ
Affair
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QUASI-WAR
1798-1799
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ALIEN
&
SEDITION
ACTS
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Virginia & Kentucky Resolves
*based on Social Contract
*if government exceeds it’s
power, state can nullify the law
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ELECTION OF 1800
*Adams vs. Jefferson
*Aaron Burr – founder of Tammany Hall
*Jefferson & Burr tied
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*vote in House of Reps.
*38 ballots
*Hamilton swings election to Jefferson
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Revolution of 1800
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Midnight Appointments
*Judges appointed by Adams in last weeks of term
*New positions made by Judiciary Act of 1801
*John Marshall-Chief Justice