Constellation Labeling Maps for Low Error Floors Don Torrieri U.S. Army Research Laboratory Matthew C. Valenti West Virginia University.

Constellation Labeling Maps for Low Error Floors

Don TorrieriU.S. Army Research Laboratory

Matthew C. ValentiWest Virginia University

BICM-ID

• In a system with BICM and iterative decoding and demodulation (BICM-ID), soft-decision information is exchanged between the demodulator and the decoder, which itself may be internally iterative.

BICM–ID System

Labeling Maps

• Constellation labeling or labeling map is the mapping of a bit pattern to each symbol or point in a signal-set constellation.

• Gray labeling map minimizes the number of bit errors that occur if an adjacent symbol of a received symbol is assigned the highest likelihood or largest metric by the decoder.

Labeling Map for 16-QAM

BER Plots vs. SNR

• Waterfall region is characterized by a rapid decrease in the BER as the SNR increases

• Error-floor region – BER decreases much more slowly

• Choice of the labeling map has a major impact on both regions

Applications of Low Error Floor

• Radio-relay communications

• Space-ground communications

• Automatic-repeat request is not feasible because of the variable delays

Demodulator Metric for Bit k

• vj is the extrinsic log-likelihood ratio for bit j that is produced by the decoder and fed back to the demodulator

Demodulator Metric for Bit k

• Symbols that include the essentially known bits constitute a subset A of the constellation

TV Map

• TV labeling map can be constructed by assigning bit patterns to symbols such that the Hamming distance to adjacent symbols always is at least m - 1.

Labeling Map for 64-QAM

BER for 16-QAM

BER for 64-QAM

BER for 256-QAM

CPFSK

• Noncoherent q-ary continuous-phase frequency-shift keying (CPFSK) system with modulation index h > 0

BER for 8-CPFSK

BER for 8-CPFSK

Conclusions

• TV labeling maps are at least as good as other proposed labeling maps in providing a low error floor or high asymptotic coding gain.

• A major advantage of the TV labeling maps is that they are easily generated.