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• relate important ideas in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) to teaching English Learners (ELs)
• develop an awareness of the organization and structure of the World-Class Instructional Design and Assessment (WIDA ) English Language Development Standards (ELDs)
• identify ways to adapt text to enhance language and content learning
Language
• answer comprehension questions and discuss the process of SLA in full group
• develop a shared vocabulary in relation to ELs
• discuss strategies to enhance language and content learning for ELs in pairs and small groups
• discuss the descriptors of the English Language Proficiency (ELP) levels of WIDA ELD standards
Participants will:
• Academic Language
• English Language Proficiency Levels
• Sheltered Instruction
Our KEY words/phrases
Getting to Know You
Introduce yourself to your partner and explain how
you got your name. (Think, Pair-Share) (S.E.E.D.
activity)
“Identity Theft” by Cassandra Lawrence -Voices, New
Office of Civil Rights Guidelineshttp://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/ellresources.html
Equal access for ELs to the full range of district programs, include special education, Title I, gifted and talented programs, and nonacademic and extracurricular activities.
Number of languages represented by New Jersey students
166Spanish; Chinese; Portuguese;
Tagalog; Italian
3 (P)3 (L)2 (E)1 (BH)2 (LBI)17 (B)
Total districts serving Englishlearners
@ 5 out of 6 school districts/charter enroll ELs Spanish, Chinese, Turkish (P)Spanish, Chinese, Czech (L)Spanish, Hindi (E)
National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition and Language Instruction Education Programs
NJ Public School Student and Teacher Data
% of teachers with 8+ hours of PD @ ELs 24.5% (NCES)Ongoing sustained professional development needed!
NJAC 6A:15-1.8…inservice training for bilingual, ESL, and mainstream teachers;
administrators who supervise bilingual/ESL programs;and administrators and any personnel
who observe and evaluate teachers of ELLs; instructional strategies and appropriate
assessments to help ELLs meet the CCCS and the WIDA English language development
standards. All bilingual and ESL teachers shall receive training in the use of the ESL
curriculum.
Activity
• Go to one of the areas posted around the room based on what is your favorite leisure time activity.
• Wait for further directions.
SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS AFFECTING SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION (SLA) (*)
Internal ExternalMotivation Motivation
Personality and learning style
Cultural background
Access to the target language
Quality of instruction
Attitude toward target language community
(Reasons for coming)
Attitude of target language community (How
welcoming?)
Age Peers and role models
First language development
Family support/value of education ( + and - )
Level of education in L1
Contrast between L1 and L2
Tolerance of errors (self) Tolerance of errors (by others)
Affective Filter Teacher Classroom Environment
http://www.ritell.org/Resources/Documents/language%20project/Spanish%201.pdf \Language and Country Projects
http://ritell.org/Default.aspx?pageId=1267900
Contrastive analysis
Differences Commonly Observed Among Spanish Speakers • Adjective comes after noun • Superiority is demonstrated by using más “more” • Double negatives are required • Final consonants are often devoiced • Voiceless “th” does not exist in Spanish • Initial consonant clusters are often voiced with a schwa
inserted, e.g., stop is estop • Vowels: ee/I (peeg for pig); E/ae (pet/pat) • Consonants: b/v, ch/sh are often substituted for each other
http://www.omniglot.com Guide to alphabets and writing systems
1) Immigrant learners with strong academic background
2) Immigrant learners with (limited) interrupted formal
education/schooling (S.L.I.F.E./S.I.F.E.)
3) US born ELs who are literate in their first language and
successfully add English
4) US born ELs who have not mastered L1 or English sometimes called long term
Els (LTELs). They have oral proficiency in English but lack literacy skills.
Who is the EL?
Profile• Attendance/educational gaps• Grades• Assessment of L1• Mobility• Program participation• Length of time in district/country• Achievement in both languages• Family dynamics• Medical• Cultural characteristics/non verbal
concept of time food holidays morals concept of family
parental involvement in education vacations group loyalties
verbal communication body language societal rules
respect for elders writing contracts music/dance animals/pets
conception of law, rules, and regulations mobility
business transactions table manners discipline
special education
Where do these featuresfall on the iceberg?
Acculturation Process
Euphoria
“Honeymoon” Finds the
new interesting
Tries out new sounds.
Assimilation/integration
Adoption/Adaptation
Improvement in transition skills
More positive experiences in new culture or loses home culture
SpectatorIncreasing participationwith lot of enthusiasm
Culture ShockEncounters problems to American
educational experience Misunderstandings occur related
to language and customsMisses ”home” culture
Anomie or HumorFeels like outsider or uses
humor to adapt
Spends time with own cultural group
How do we learn a second language?
Acquisition- a subconscious “picking up” of rules characteristic of the L1 acquisition process. Leads to spontaneous, unplanned communication. Knowing how to use the language for a purpose (performance).
Learning-a conscious focus on knowing and applying rules of grammar and syntax. Knowing about the language (language competence).
4. Students' academic language development in their native language facilitates their academic language development in English. Conversely, students' academic language development in English informs their academic language development in their native language.
5. Students learn language and culture through meaningful use and interaction.
6. Students use language in functional and communicative ways that vary according to
context.
WIDA/Franks
The Cornerstone of WIDA’s Standards:
Guiding Principles of Language Development
7. Students develop language proficiency in listening, speaking,
reading, and writing interdependently, but at different rates and in different ways.
8. Students’ development of academic language and academic content knowledge are inter-related processes.
9. Students' development of social, instructional, and academic language, a complex and long-term process, is the foundation
for their success in school.10. Students’ access to instructional tasks requiring complex
thinking is enhanced when linguistic complexity and instructional support match their levels of language proficiency.
WIDA/Franks
Standardized test scores according to ELP
PARCC and ELs
GRADE 9
GRADE 10
WIDA’s ELD Standards
1. Social Instructional
Language
SIL
2. Languageof Language
Arts
LoLA
3. Languageof
Mathematics
LoMa
4. Languageof Science
LoSc
5. Languageof Social Studies
LoSS
Academic Language
WIDA/Franks
Four Language Domains
Listening Speaking
Reading Writing
WIDA/Franks
Instructional Cycle
Standards
Curriculum
Instruction
Assessment
Instructional Cycle
WIDA Consortium / CAL / MetriTech
Six Levels of English Language Proficiency (ELP)
6
ENTERING
EMERGING
DEVELOPING
EXPANDING
1
2
3
4
5
BRIDGING
REACHING
WIDA/Franks
Three Criteria to Measure Language Performance
ENTERING EMERGING DEVELOPING EXPANDING BRIDGING
54321 6
R
E
A
C
H
I
N
G
Discourse level Linguistic
complexity
Amount of discourse, types and
variety of grammatical structures,
the organization of ideas.
Sentence level Language forms
& Conventions
Types and variety of grammatical
structures
Conventions, mechanics, and
fluency
Match of language forms to purpose/
Perspective
Word level Vocabulary usage Comprehension and use of the
technical language of the content
areas
WIDA/Franks
Linguistic ComplexityLevel 1 – Single words
Level 2 – Phrases, short sentences
Level 3 – Series of related sentences
Level 4 – Moderate discourse
Level 5 – Complex discourse
Vocabulary UsageLevel 1 – Most common vocabulary
Level 2 – High frequency vocabulary
Level 3 – General & some specific vocabulary
Level 4 – Specialized & some content-based vocabulary
Level 5 – Specialized & content-based vocabulary
Language Forms & ConventionsLevel 1 – Memorized languageLevel 2 – Formulaic grammatical structuresLevel 3 – Repetitive grammatical structures Level 4 – Variety of grammatical structuresLevel 5 – Language comparable to English peers
WIDA/Franks
Overall Organization of Standards
English Language Development (ELD) Standards (5)
Language Domains (4)
English Language Proficiency (ELP) Levels (6)
Criteria to MeasureLanguage Performance (3)
WIDA/Franks
Presentation Name / 41
A. Turn to a partner and complete the following with words and acronyms from the word wall/word bank (some may be used more than once):
_ _ _ _ has established the _ _ _ standards for _ _s in NJ.
There are five _ _ _ standards: _ _ _; Lo_ _; Lo_ _; Lo _ _; Lo_ _
There are four _ _ _ _ _ _ _ : Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing.
There are six _ _ _ levels: Entering, Emerging, Developing, Expanding, Bridging and Reaching.
There are three criteria for Performance Definitions: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ complexity;_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ forms and conventions; and, vocabulary _ _ _ _ _.
B. By the numbers: Use number 3, 4 , 5 or 6 to answer the questions
usage, domains, linguistic, language,
Sc, ELP, EL, ELD, LA, SS, Ma, WIDA, SIL
Let’s Review – CHUNK and CHEW
GOT TEA?
Recount Explain
Argue Discuss
Key Language Uses
WIDA NewsCan Do Descriptors
Pre K, K, 1, 2-3, 4-5, 6-8, 9-12 https://www.wida.us/standards/CAN_DOs/WIDA/FRANKS
Create linear equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales.
Explain orally how one or more variables are related using gestures, charts/posters, and note cards. Demonstrate understanding by graphing linear equations in two or more variables.
VU: Linear, equation,
inequality, variable,
solution, graph
LFC: Transitional phrases,
compound tenses, ordinal
numbers, specific to word
problem
LC: Varies by ELP level
ELP 1 ELP 2 ELP 3 ELP 4 ELP 5
Language Objectives Explain orally how one or more variables are related in L1 and/or use gestures, labels and selected technical words. Demonstrate understanding by graphing linear equations in two or more variables.
Explain orally how one or more variables are related in L1 and/or use selected technical vocabulary in phrases and short sentences Demonstrate understanding by graphing linear equations in two or more variables.
Explain orally how one or more variables are related using key technical vocabulary in simple sentences. Demonstrate understanding by graphing linear equations in two or more variables.
Explain orally how one or more variables are related using key technical vocabulary in expanded sentences. Demonstrate understanding by graphing linear equations in two or more variables.
Explain orally how one or more variables are related using technical vocabulary in complex sentences. Demonstrate understanding by graphing linear equations in two or more variables.
Intro paragraphTwo detail paragraphs (one for each topic)Conclusion paragraph(12pts.)
Intro paragraphThree detail paragraphs (one for each topic )Conclusion paragraph(15pts.)
Language Form and Conventions
Simple sentences with some variety (2pts.)
Variety of sentence structures with some transitional phrases(3pts.)
Variety of sentences with transitional phrases and clauses(4pts.)
Vocabulary2 pts.
General and some specific vocabulary ( e.g. similarities, differences, transitions, culture)
Specific and some content-related (e.g. transitions, recreation, agriculture, religion)
Content relatedvocabulary ( e.g. agriculture, rituals, tools, spear, chisels)
Illustration2pts.
Draw picture of one similarity and one difference.
Draw two pictures that summarize the topic of each paragraph.
Draw three pictures that summarize the topic of each paragraph.
Support Note-taking G.O.Paragraph worksheetPartner
Note-taking G.O.Paragraph worksheet
Note-taking G.O.
What is Sheltered Instruction?
A means for making grade level academic content (e.g. science, social studies, math) more accessible for ELLs while at the same time promoting their English language development.NJAC 6A:15-1.4a/f
Complements format for Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and intervention for Response to Intervention (RtI)
• relate important ideas in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) to teaching English Learners (ELs)
• develop an awareness of the organization and structure of the World-Class Instructional Design and Assessment (WIDA ) English Language Development Standards (ELDs)
• evaluate ways to adapt teaching to enhance language and content learning
• identify the indicators of effective instruction used in Sheltered Instruction (S.I.)
Language
• answer comprehension questions and discuss the process of SLA in full group
• develop a shared vocabulary in relation to ELs
• discuss strategies to enhance language and content learning for ELs in pairs and small groups
• discuss the descriptors of the English Language Proficiency (ELP) levels of WIDA ELD standards
Participants will:
• Academic Language
• English Language Proficiency Levels
• Sheltered Instruction
Our KEY words/phrases
Apply your toothpaste to your toothbrush with your non dominant hand and brush your teeth. Be prepared to report out.
Bring a lesson plan you have delivered or plan to deliver with you to the next session.
HOMEWORK
Ticket Out or EXIT TICKET
Write down one thing that you learned today, (the AHA moment) or What you gained a better understanding of today?
Post the “ticket” on the wall chart marked Ticket Out/Exit Ticket.
Literature• The Name Jar by Yangsook Choi
• My Name is Yoon by Helen Recorvits
• No, English by Jacqueline Jules & Amy Huttington
• I’m New Here by Bud Howlett
• Chrysanthemum by Kevin Henkes
• I Speak English for My Mom by Muriel Stanek
• My Name is María Isabel by Alma Flor Ada
• Speak English for Us, Marisol! By Karen English
• Hello, My Name is Scrambled Eggs by Jamie Gilson
• The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros
• The Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri
• Yoko Writes Her Name by Rosemary Wells
• My Name Is Jorge: On Both Sides of the River by Jane Medina
• Ashok by Any Other Name by Sandra S. Yamate
• The Adventures of Alibaba Bernstein by Johanna Hurwitz
• Lost Names by Richard Kim
Content Related Literature
• Immigrant Kids by Russell Freedman
• At Ellis Island: A History of Many Voices by Louise Peacock
• If Your Name Was Changed at Ellis Island by Ellen Levine
• I was Dreaming to Come to America: Memories From The Ellis Island History Project
Books• Enrique's Journey by Sonia Nazario (2007)
• The Circuit: Stories from the Life of a Migrant Child; Reaching Out; Breaking Through; Taking Hold by Francisco Jiménez
• Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolfo A. Anaya
• So Far from the Sea & How Many Days to America? by Eve Bunting
• Grandfather’s Journey Allen Say
• Passage to Freedom: The Sugihara Story by Ken Mochizuki
"Which Way Home" is a feature documentary film that follows unaccompanied child migrants, on their journey through Mexico, as they try to reach the United States. We follow children like Olga and Freddy, nine-year old Hondurans, who are desperately trying to reach their parents in the US.; children like Jose, a ten-year old El Salvadoran, who has been abandoned by smugglers and ends up alone in a Mexican detention center; and Kevin, a canny, streetwise fourteen-year old Honduran, whose mother hopes that he will reach the U.S. and send money back to her. These are stories of hope and courage, disappointment and sorrow. They are the children you never hear about; the invisible ones.
A group of Sudanese refugees given the chance to resettle in America arrive in Kansas City, Missouri, where their encounter with an employment agency counselor forever changes all of their lives.
• Sesame Street: Spanish Me, English Me (Song Me) http://search.aol.com/aol/video?q=sesam+street+song%3A+spanish+me%2C+english+me&s_it=video-ans&sfVid=true&videoId=74E3B240B46CE7A6922A74E3B240B46CE7A6922A&v_t=client97_inbox
Websiteshttp://njtesol-njbe.org (NJ Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages and New Jersey
Bilingual Educators)www.flenj.org (Foreign Language Educators of NJ)http://www.nabe.org (Bilingual Association)http://tesol.org (International Teachers of English as a 2nd Language)http://www.state.nj.us/education/cccs/ NJ Student Learning Standardshttp://www.state.nj.us/education/bilingual/ NJ DOE Bilingual Office
http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/oela/english-learner-toolkit/chap1.pdf TOOLS AND RESOURCES FOR IDENTIFYING ALL ENGLISH LEARNERS
http://ell.stanford.edu/language across contenthttp://www.cgcs.org Council of Great City Schoolshttp://www.cal.org (Center for Applied Linguistics)http://crede.berkeley.edu/ (Center for Research on Education, Diversity & Excellence)http://www.storytellingarts.org/https://www.santarosa.k12.fl.us/esol79new/Gestures.dochttp://www.learnalberta.ca/content/sssm/html/placematactivity_sm.htmlhttp://www.languagelizard.comhttp://ncela.us/files/uploads/11/abedi_sato.pdf J.Abedi, Language Factors in Assessment of ELsReading Lab (SRA) fee requiredhttp://ellevationeducation.com/ Data management system for ESL www.wordreference.com is a language forum with the largest repository of knowledge and advice about the English language, as well as a number of other languages.
Websites (continued)www.ncela.gwu.edu (National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition)www.colorincolorado.org (Colorín Colorado)http://www.culturegrams.com (200 countries )www.intime.uni.edu/multiculture/curriculum/Culture/Teaching.htm (Culturally Responsive Teaching)ttps://www.engageny.org/http://crosscultured.com (Cross-Cultured Education)www.everythingesl.netwww.larryferlazzo.edublogs.org/ “a growth mindset”www.Online-stopwatch.comhttp://www.wkyc.com/video/761335511001/0/Fairview-Park-Chunk-and-Chew-working-in-classroomhttp://www.inascd.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=32Chunk and Chewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Rodriguezhttps://itunes.apple.com/us/app/itranslate-translator-dictionary/id288113403?mt=8 $3.99 voice translation; I voice (free); https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/photo-translator-free/id478334807?mt=8 Takes a picture and translates between English and@ 35 languagesApalon Speech & Translatehttps://itunes.apple.com/us/app/google-translate/id414706506?mt=8 Google translate http://www.Njcore.org Educator Exchange of Resources K-12http://schoolreforminitiative.org/doc/kiva.pdf Kiva Panel http://www.loc.gov/ Library of Congresshttp://www.transact.com/ TransAct- Legally-Required Parent Notices in Multiple Languageshttps://www.remind.com/ reminders to students and parents - can be translated
ReferencesAdams, Thomas, W. (1987) Body English: A Study of Gestures. Upper Saddle River, NJ:
Scott, Foresman Co.
Armstrong, N. and Wagner, M. (2003) Field Guide to Gestures. PA: Quirk Books
Axtell, Roger E. (1991). Gestures: The DO’s and TABOO’s of body language around the world. John Wiley & Sons
Banks, J. A. (1998). Curriculum transformation. In J. A. Banks (Ed.), An introduction to multicultural education (2nd ed., pp. 21–34). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Carrasquillo, Angela L. and Rodriguez, Vivian (1996) Language Minority Students in the Mainstream Classroom. Multilingual Matters
Cole, Robert W., et al, (2008) Educating Everybody’s Children: Diverse Teaching Strategies for Diverse Learners. ASCD
Collier, Catherine (2005) Pearls of Wisdom. Cross Cultural Development Education Services
Davis, Bonnie M. (2006) How To Teach Students Who Don’t Look Like You. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press
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References (continued)Hamayan, E. & Freeman, R. (2006). English Language Learners at school: A guide for administrators.
Caslon Publishing.Hill, J.D. & Flynn, K. M. (2006). Classroom Instruction that works with ELLS ASCDHaynes, J. (2007). Getting Started with English Language Learners: How Educators Can Meet the
Challenge. ASCDHonigsfeld, A. and Dove, M. (2010). Collaboration and Co-Teaching Strategies for English Learners.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.Jesness, J. (2004). Teaching English language learners K-12: A quick start guide for the new teacher.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.Lachat, M. A., (2004). Standards-Based Instruction and Assessment for ELLs. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin
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College Press.Nora, J. & Echevarria, J. (2016). Not this but that: No More Low Expectations for English Learners.
Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.Parris, H, Estrada, L. & Honigsfeld, A. (2017). ELL Frontiers: Using Technology to Enhance Instruction for
English Learners. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.Payne, R. (1986). A Framework for Understanding Poverty. AhaPink, D. (2009). Drive: The surprising truth about what motivates us. NYC: Riverhead BooksPollock, J. E. (2007) Improving Student Learning One Teacher at a Time. ASCD Ryan, W. (1971) Blaming the Victim. NY: Vintage BooksSamway, K. & McKeon, D. (2007). Myths and Realities: Best Practices for ELLs. Portsmouth, NH:
HeinemannSousa, D. (2011). How the ELL Brain Works. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin PressTabors, P. (2008). One Child, Two Languages. Baltimore: Brookes PublishingWilfong, L. (2013) Vocabulary Strategies That Work: Do This—Not That! KY: Eye on EducationFDU-Door of the Future/Puerto del futuro (Adult Program)