Conserving and Using African Fruit Tree Genetic Resources

Conserving and UsingAfrican Fruit Tree Genetic Resources

Theme TREEs (Tree Productivity & Diversity)

CIFOR- ICRAF 16 February 2021

Malnutrition, in all its forms, include:• Undernutrition (wasting, stunting,

underweight), • Overweight & obesity, • Inadequate vitamins or minerals,

(Hidden Hunger)

27 million children go to school

hungry in Africa

27% in Africa malnourished

Past and projected fruit and vegetable consumption globally 2000 – 2030

Consumption of fruits and vegetables

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Latin Amer. + the Caribbean

Sub-Saharan Africa

South Asia

East Asia + Pacific

Eastern Europe + Central Asia

Middle East + North Africa

United States

World

Kg fruit and vegetables/person per year

20002000-2030 change

Modified after: Msangi and Rosegrant 2011. Feeding the Future’s Changing Diets; Ruel et al. 2005. Patterns of fruit & vegetable consumption in SSA.

WHO-

recommended

146 kg

Kenya: 114 kg

Malawi: 53 kg fruit + veg

Drivers of Food Choice

Metanalysis to understand the complex factors related to food choice for demand etc.

Help to identify pathways to develop VCs/Markets, create demand and better mainstream these foods (particularly “orphan” ones.) into food systems

Alice Karanja 2021

Gaps in production: global fruit and vegetable supply

• Woody species – trees (57%), shrubs (2%) and lianas (12%) contribute substantially (71%) to the global supply of fruits • Production data available for 41 species (FAOSTAT) only 20 tree of 404 fruit species in the World Economic Plants (WEP)• Due to the contribution tree-based systems need more attention with research and intervention investments to contribute

to delivering more nutritious foods in local and global food systems

The Portfolio Approach –

Customising recommendations

food harvest mapped

against months of food

insecurity

addressing nutrient

gaps by matching

prioritised foods with

nutrient content data

(iron, folate, Vits A & C)

http://www.worldagroforestry.org/project/foodtrees/publications

17 location-specific food tree and crop portfolios in East

Africa developed →

Supply of nutrients and

food (direct) & possible

income from surplus fruits

(indirect)

ICRAF Food Tree Project (EC/IFAD)

Lack of sufficiently diverse quality tree seeds is a widespread problem in planting programs worldwide constraining the achievement of planting objectives

Insufficient attention to choice, sourcing and delivery of planting material- impacts quality of trees planted

Develop suitable propagation techniques

planting materials to farmers

http://allanblackiapartners.org/

Product, market development

Allanblackia Domestication

8

AOCC African Orphan Crops Consortium

AOCC was initiated in 2013

The African Plant Breeding Academy

African Plant Breeding Academy

Cohort 1

Cohort 3

African Orphan Crops Consortium -Translational Agri-genomicsState of genome

sequencing

Species ICRAF Genebank collection Sequencing technology used

1

Sequenced and published

Faidherbia albida Yes

Illumina’s short read sequencing (SRS)

2 Moringa oleifera Yes

3 Sclerocarya birrea Yes

4 Artocarpus heterophyllus Yes

5 Artocarpus altilis No

6Being assembled

Vitellaria paradoxa Yes Illumina’s SRS, PacBio Long read, Hi-C (chromatin precipitation)

7

Data is being generated

Vangueria infausta Yes

StLFR synthetic long read from BGI, Hi-C

8 Balanites aegyptiaca Yes

9 Tamarindus indica Yes

10 Irvingia gabonensis Yes

11 Passiflora edulis No

12 Annona senegalensis Yes

13 Annona reticulata No

14 Rhicinodendron heudelotii Yes

15 Adansonia digitata Yes

Cohort 2

Cohort 3

The highest annual deforestation rate in 2015–2020 was in Africa (4.41 million ha/yr) (Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020)

HOW TO REBUILD A FOREST

The challenge and the opportunity

BONN Challenge: 350 million ha by 2030

Scaling-up: The Seed Challenge: Provision of Adequate Tree Seed Portfolios (PATSPO) in Ethiopia 2017-2021to enhance productivity and reselience of forest landscape restoration in Ethiopia – strengthening the development of the green economy in Ethiopia

1) A Afroalpine vegetation; Bd Somalia-Masai Acacia-Commiphora deciduous bushland and thicket; Bds Acacia-Commiphorastunted bushland; D Desert; E Montane Ericaceous belt; Fa Afromontane rain forest; Fb/wd Afromontane undifferentiated forest/ Edaphic wooded grassland; Fe Afromontane moist transitional forest; R Riverine wooded vegetation;S Somalia-Masai semi-desert grassland and shrubland; Wcd dry Combretum wooded grassland; We Upland Acacia wooded grassland; X Freshwater swamp; wdEdaphic wooded grassland; Z Halophytic vegetation; Zw Halophytic woodland.CONSERVATION; FOOD & NUTRITIONAL SECURITY; WATER SHED MANAGEMENT; SOIL EROSION; BREEDING; DELIVERY

SYSTEMS; PLANTING; RESTORATION

GambiaRwandaTanzaniaUganda

Conservation gap analysis + access to planting materials

Africa is large with area equal to USA, China, India, Japan and most of Europe

combined

http://kai.sub.blue/en/africa.htmlRamni [email protected] for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) & World Agroforestry (ICRAF)

Alice Muchugi Stepha McMullin Alice Karanja Roeland Kindt

Ian Dawson Prasad HendreSammy CarsanFabio Pedercini

Jens-Peter Barnekow Lars Graudal Ramni Jamnadass Kai Mausch