Conservatorismo compassionevole

12 Maggio 2008 Pasquale Annicchino

God and the Welfare State: dal conservatorismo al

centrismo compassionevole


Sommario

– Il Conservatorismo Compassionevole– God and the Welfare State

• 1996-2008– Faith and Funding in Texas 1996– Washington : Charitable Choice Legislation– Faith-based and Community Initiative 2001– Armies of Compassion– Transforming Government

• Il Conservative Legal Network– The rise of the Conservative Legal Movement– Litigation– R&D– Rive Droite-Anatomia– Libertarian & Religious Conservatives

• Centrismo– Compassionate centrism?– Da “Off the wall” a “On the wall”- Supply side theory


Sommario

• Stato e società civile

– Gran Bretagna

– Africa

– Italia


Think tanks ed accademia

• D. M. Ricci, The transformation of American Politics: The New Washington and the Rise of Think Tanks,Yale University Press, New Haven, 1993

• A. Rich, Think tanks, Public Policy and the Politics of Expertise, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2004

• J. H. Hird, Knowledge, Power, Politics, Georgetown University Press, Washington D.C., 2005


Nota metodologica

I giuristi? “Essi parlano come se fossero vincolati”

B. Leoni, La libertà e la legge, Liberilibri, Macerata, 2005


Domanda

“(...) Se ti dessi 500 dollari da spedire ad un’organizzazione che si occupa degli

indigenti, li manderesti al Dipartimento della sanità e dei servizi sociali di

Washington?”M. Olasky, Conservatorimo compassionevole,

Rubbettino, p. 179-180


Soluzioni?


Conservatorismo Compassionevole


I

• Olasky - The tragedy of American Compassion (1992)- Renewing American compassion: how compassion for the

needy can turn ordinary citizens into heroes (1996)- Compassionate conservatism: what it is, what it does and

how it can transform America (2000)

Compassionate conservatism derails the Democratic Party's greatest rhetorical advantage, its demonstrably empty

claim of a monopoly on caring about the worst-off.

• Attenzione specifica dei conservatori ai problemi sociali con soluzioni diverse da quelle liberal

• Una diversa impostazione antropologica




• S. Goldsmith, What Compassionate conservatism is and what is not, Hoover Institution, 2000: passaggio dall’idea che sia lo Stato a dover risolvere problemi sociali alle persone come soggetto primario della vita socio-politico pubblica.

• Compassionate Conservatism is a form of political conservatism.

• According to Compassionate Conservatives, competition in the marketplace is the surest way to produce value. When governments gain a monopoly in a way that renders performance irrelevant in the provision of services, the results invariably tend to be bureaucratic, wasteful, and inefficient.


http://www.hoover.org/publications/digest/3492491.html











God and the Welfare State

• La valorizzazione dei corpi intermedi(gruppi religiosi)

• Primo Emendamento“Congress shall make no law respecting an Establishment of religion, or prohibiting the freeExercise thereof”


Separazionismo

• Arch R. Everson v. Board of Education of the Township of Ewing, et al., 330 U.S. 1, 1947.

• : “No tax in any amount, large or small, can be levied to support any religious activities or institutions, whatever they may be called, or whatever form they may adopt to teach or practice religion. Neither a state nor the Federal Government can, openly or secretly, participate in the affairs of any religious organizations or groups ,or vice versa.In the words of Jefferson, the clause against establishment of religion by law was intended to erect a wall of separation between church and state (...). Neither a state nor the Federal Government can set up a church. Neither can pass laws which aid one religion, aid all religions, or prefer one religion over another”.


1996 - 2008


Faith and Funding in Texas 1996

• L’idea:Faith in action: a new vision for Church-State

cooperation in Texas

“We must move beyond devolution(...) and embrace genuine reform that sparks cooperation between government (at

whatever level) and the institutions of civil society”

• La strategia degli executive orders, Pew Forum


http://www.twc.state.tx.us/svcs/charchoice/faithful.pdf








Charitable Choice Legislation

• Section 104 – Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, 1996, Section (b)

• “The purpose of this section is to allow States to contract with religious organizations, or to allow religious organizations to accept certificates, vouchers, or other forms of disbursement under any program described in subsection (a) (2), on the same basis as any other nongovernmental provider without impairing the religious character of such organizations, and without diminishing the religious freedom of beneficiaries of assistance funded under such programs”.

• Center for Public Justice, A guide to Charitable Choice, 1996


Faith-Based and Community Initiative

2001• President Bush created the White House Office of

Faith-based and Community Initiative and Centers for Faith-Based and Community Initiatives in eleven Federal agencies to lead a determined attack on need by strengthening and expanding the role of FBCOs in providing social services

• Five executive orders expanding the FBCI reach across the Federal Government

• Livello federale e livello statale dell’iniziativa


Faith-Based and Community Initiative 2001

• Prisoner Reentry• Children of Prisoners• Reducing Homelessness• Addiction• Health in High-need areas• Students in struggling schools• Unemployment


Armies of Compassions

• Trasferimento di risorse federali versoi gruppi religiosi

• La compatibilità con la Establishment Clause (vd. Everson)


Transforming Government

• J. Balkin e S. Levinson, Understanding the Constitutional revolution , in “Virginia Law Review”, 87, 6, 2001, pp. 1045-1104


Transforming Government

• Wallace vs Jaffree, 472 U.S. 38, 1985

Rehquist, dissenting

“It is impossible to build sound constitutional doctrine upon a mistaken understanding of constitutional history (...) Thomas Jefferson was of course in France at the time of constitutional Amendments known as the Bill of rights were passed by Congress and ratified by States.(...) There is simly no historical foundation for the proposition that the Framers intended to build the “wall of separation” that was constitutionalized in Everson”


Il Conservative Legal Network


Il Conservative Legal Network

S. Teles, The rise of the Conservative Legal Movement, Princeton University Press, 2008


In the span of a generation, conservative intellectuals and activists have succeeded in mounting a potent challenge to liberal legal theories that once held unquestioned sway over America’s courts and law schools. They have built a robust infrastructure of legal advocacy groups, think tanks, and networking organizations that have shifted the courts toward a more conservative understanding of the law.

Litigation

K. O’Connor & L. Epstein, The rise of the Conservative Interest Group Litigation, The Journal of Politics, 45,2, May 1983, pp. 479-489

“Conservatives have proven that they can play the game of litigation as well”, p. 480


R&D

• The right is clearly extending the battle of ideas into new territories, just as Milton Friedman and others did in economics forty years ago

• In America think tanks have taken over much of the policy making that is handled by political parties in other countries


Rive Droite - Anatomia

• A.Paik, A.Southworth,J.P.Heinz, Lawyers of the right:Networks and Organizations, http://ssrn.com/abstract=903326


Libertarian & Religious Conservatives

Zellman vs. Simmons-Harris, 536 U.S. 639, 2002

The U.S. Supreme Court approved a State program

providing vouchers for children in a distressed public

school district to attend private schools, includingreligious schools, as well as neighboring public

schools.

• Finanziamenti indiretti12 Maggio 2008 Pasquale Annicchino

Compassionate Centrism


Compassionate Centrism?

• J. Di Iulio, Godly Republic: a centrist Blueprint for America’s Faith-based future, Univ. of CaliforniaPress, 2007

• 2/3 degli Stati americani hanno emanato“Faith-Friendly laws”

• Americans are increasingly worried about poverty, but are sceptical about government bureaucracies


Compassionate Centrism?

• Not be, but think Catholic, at least in relation to seeking the common good by all civil and governmental means necessary (...) Religious-secular, public-private and intergovernmental partnerships working to achieve the common good are a proxy-government reality. They also can effect civic cooperation on ways that are consistent with what Catholics call subsidiarity docrtine”, J. Di Iulio, Godly Republic, California University Press, 2007, p. 224


Da “Off the wall” a “On the wall”- Supply side theory

“(...) You have to do work on the supply side to provide a litigation support structure that can bring cases before the courts you staff. And you have to do considerable groundwork to contest and change legal culture so that conservative ideas previously considered “off the wall” get fair hearing and can be thought of as “on the wall”, J. Balkin, The rise of the Conservative Legal Movement. An exercise in Living Constitutionalism, Balkinization, 23/03/2008


Impatto “Le idee hanno

delle consequenze!!!”


Stato e società civile

Gran Bretagna

• The idea of a connected society "There is such a thing as society; it's just not the same thing as the state” D. Cameron

• T. Blair, “Government can't raise your family. Government alone can't get you a job. Government on its own can't, from Whitehall, run the NHS properly, look after the sick and elderly, educate the children in the classroom, mind them when you are at work. Parliament by itself can't police the streets, give the alienated youngster a place to go or a place to play”, Speech to Faithworks, 22 March 2005


http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/story/0,,1796130,00.html




















Gran Bretagna


- J. Norman, J. Ganesh, Compassionate conservatism. What it is. Why we need it, Policy Exchage

-D. Bacon, Faith-based organisations and welfare provisions in Northern Ireland and North America: whose agenda?, in C. Milligan e D. Conradson (a cura di), Landscape of voluntarianism. New spaces of health, welfare and governance, The policy press, Bristol, 2006, pp. 173-190

Africa


• President Bush highlighted the importance of faith-based and community organizations to help the people of Africa deal with the health crises and development issues

• In contrast to government systems designed to address social ills with large, impersonal, machinery, the initiative pushes in the opposite direction, toward solutions that are local and personal and depend on neighbor serving neighbor

• Faith-based organizations are the most trusted institutions in many African societies

Africa

• Global HIV/AIDS crisis: President’s Emergency plan for AIDS relief (PEPFAR). In PEPFAR’s 15 focus countries, more than 80 percent of PEPFAR partners are indigenous organizations, nearly a quarter of them faith-based. $30 billion over the next five years

• Malaria: The President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI) draws heavily upon FBCO partners to deliver effective malaria prevention and medical treatment in Africa. Progress is strong toward the goal of cutting malaria-caused deaths by 50 percent, and PMI has already reached 25 million individuals with malaria treatment and prevention efforts.


E l’Italia?

• C. Murray, AEI, prefazione a F. Felice, Welfare society. Dal paternalismo di stato alla sussidiarietà orizzontale, Rubbettino, Soveria Mannelli, 2007

• “(...) Se l’Italia ha intenzione di finanziare il Welfare State con grandi quantità di immigrati, la cultura italiana cambierà in maniera considerevole, e una delle vittime sarà il consenso sociale che permette all’attuale stato assistenziale di funzionare”

• “L’assunzione di fondo che pervade il fondamento del Welfare State è che se c’è un problema è compito del governo risolverlo”


E l’Italia?

• P. Donati, Una nuova mappa del bene comune, Studi cattolici 562, dicembre 2007

Sotto-sistema politico-amministrativo funzionalmente differenziato per il governo di una società che è

osservata e agita come «rete» di soggetti e istituzioni sociali (pubbliche, private e miste

Cittadinanza statuale- cittadinanza societaria


E l’Italia?

• “Il paradigma della sussidiarietà (autogoverno) consiste nel ritenere che lo Stato dovrebbe promuovere un’azione libera e responsabile dei corpi intermedi per tentare di porre qualche rimedio all’opprimente burocratizzazione e alla proliferazione di norme che finiscono per deprimere lo spirito di iniziativa individuale e a generare un sentimento di cinico disprezzo nei confronti della nozione di solidarietà sociale”, F. Felice, Welfare society. Dal paternalismo di Stato alla sussidiarietà orizzontale, Rubbettino, Soveria Mannelli, 2007, p.14


Stato


Società civile?


GRAZIE!!!

[email protected]


Conservatorismo compassionevole

News & Politics

pasquale annicchino

welfare state

new washington

centrismo compassionevole

religious character

religious activities

compassionate conservatives

conservatorimo compassionevole