CONSERVATION/REGENERATION: The Modernist Neighbourhood
Mar 10, 2023
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Rodica Crian Giovanna Franco Loughlin Kealy Stefano F. Musso Editors
E A A E T r a n s a c t i o n s o n A r c h i t e c t u r a l E d u c a t i o n
CONSERVATION/REGENERATION: The Modernist Neighbourhood
I n t r o d u c t i o n
CONSERVATION/REGENERATION: The Modernist Neighbourhood
Rodica Crian Giovanna Franco Loughlin Kealy Stefano F. Musso Editors
Organising Institutions
Hosting Institution: Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning, Bucharest, Romania
Co-organising Institution: University of Genoa, Italy School of Specialization in Architectural Heritage and Landscape DSA-Department of Sciences for Architecture
EAAE Transac t ions on arch i tec tura l educat ion no. 58
Editors: Rodica Crian, Giovanna Franco, Loughlin Kealy, Stefano F. Musso
Graphic design: Andra Panait
Published by EAAE - Kastel van Arenberg 1, B 3001 - Leuven, Belgique - 2012
ISBN: 978-2-930301-57-0
Printed in Romania – Smart Print, Bucharest – March 2013
Copyright © by the authors. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm or by any other means without written permission from the publisher.
This book presents the papers written by 47 participants after
the 3rd Workshop organized by the Conservation Network of
the European Association for Architectural Education in 2011 in
Romania.
The workshop was attended by 51 participants from 22 univer-
sities, representing 8 countries: Belgium, France, Ireland, Italy,
Netherlands, Portugal, Romania and Turkey.
Scientific Committee: Professor Rodica Crian Professor Giovanna Franco Professor Loughlin Kealy Professor Stefano F. Musso
Illustrations to the text were provided by the authors, organizers and editors.
This project has been funded with the support of the European Commission. This publication re- flects only the authors’ views, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
EAAE - European Association for Architectural Education
ENHSA-European Network of Heads of Schools of Architecture
C o n s e r v a t i o n / R e g e n e r a t i o n : T h e M o d e r n i s t N e i g h b o r h o o d 54 E A A E T r a n s a c t i o n s o n a r c h i t e c t u r a l e d u c a t i o n n o . 5 8
C o n t e n t s
Introduction
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
29 Engagement: vision, thought and conscience Loughlin Kealy
School of Architecture, Landscape and Civil Engineering, University College
Dublin, Ireland
The study area: a Modernist neighborhood in Bucharest
47 The history and the urban characteristics of the study area Nicolae Lascu
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
65 Typological and morpho-stylistical analysis of the Calea Dorobanilor – Aviatorilor – Iancu de Hunedoara perimeter Mihaela Criticos
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
C o n s e r v a t i o n / R e g e n e r a t i o n : T h e M o d e r n i s t N e i g h b o r h o o d 76 E A A E T r a n s a c t i o n s o n a r c h i t e c t u r a l e d u c a t i o n n o . 5 8
81 Conservation and the City . The dichotomy between economic development and urban identity. Case study: the The ‘protected areas’ of Bucharest Anca Brtuleanu
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
97 The planning system and instruments in Romania and their evolution with a focus on protected areas1
Gabriel Pascariu
Reports on the working groups’ discussions regarding the problems of conservation/regeneration of Modern parts of cities
119 Report on the discussions regarding topic A: The theoretical and methodologi- cal approach with regard to different levels and disciplinary aspects Hanna Derer
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
131 Report on the discussions regarding topic B: The urban planning, manage- ment, economic and social aspects of the question with special regard to tutor- ship and development Gabriel Pascariu
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
147 Report on the discussions regarding topic C: Design as project and process of intervention on single buildings: technical contents, goals and criteria Mihaela Criticos
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
Essays
161 Strategies for the conservation and reuse of 20th-century neighbourhoods: limits and potentials Francesca Albani
School of Architecture and Society, Polytechnic of Milan, Italy
173 Authenticity between social awareness and conservation: a case study in Bucharest Monica Aresi, Damiana Paternò, Oana iganea
School of Architecture and Society, Polytechnic of Milan, Italy
191 Regeneration of urban space: an intrinsic process? Gokhan Mehmet Berk
Faculty of Architecture, Yldz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
207 Neighbourhoods in Bucharest: recognition, conservation and inheritance Maria Teresa Campisi1, Antonella Mamì2, Renata Prescia2
Faculty of Architecture, University of Palermo, Italy2
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kore University of Enna, Italy1
231 Modernist boroughs: conservation of historical values and urban design Stella Casiello, Andrea Pane, Valentina Russo
Faculty of Architecture, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
251 Building rehabilitation in the Modernist neighbourhood Mircea Crian
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
279 Regeneration in (teaching) conservation Rodica Crian
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
C o n s e r v a t i o n / R e g e n e r a t i o n : T h e M o d e r n i s t N e i g h b o r h o o d 98 E A A E T r a n s a c t i o n s o n a r c h i t e c t u r a l e d u c a t i o n n o . 5 8
429 The careful management of inevitable change: reflections on the workshop in Bucharest Teresa Ferreira
Faculty of Architecture, University of Porto, Portugal
443 Sustainability and heritage: a challenge for contemporary culture Giovanna Franco
Polytechnic School, University of Genoa, Italy
469 The preservation of modern architecture and the decay of new materials Luca Giorgi
Faculty of Architecture, University of Florence, Italy
497 Energy saving and architectural heritage protection in a Modernist neighbourhood Alberto Grimoldi
School of Architecture and Society, Polytechnic of Milan, Italy
513 New ‘openings’ on the district: the role of frames in the perception of the façade Angelo Giuseppe Landi
School of Architecture and Society, Polytechnic of Milan, Italy
531 The sad story of the protected areas in Bucharest1
Vera Marin
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
549 The workshop on Modern architecture and new conservation problems Pietro Matracchi
Faculty of Architecture, University of Florence, Italy
577 Integrated strategies and specificity in the conservation of Modern neighbourhoods
Faculty of Architecture, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Italy
297 Quelques considérations sur la préservation de l’authenticité des quartiers résidentiels modernes du nord de Bucarest Stéphane Dawans, Claudine Houbart
L’Institut Superieur d’Architecture «Lambert Lombard», Université de Liège,
Belgium
315 A workshop for restoring Modern architecture Maurizio De Vita
Faculty of Architecture, University of Florence, Italy
335 Bucharest and Modernist neighbourhoods: instruments for the material con- servation, rehabilitation and transformation management of 20th-century dif- fuse built heritage
School of Architecture and Society, Polytechnic of Milan, Italy
359 Features of identity and mixité in a Modernist neighbourhood of Bucharest Carolina Di Biase
School of Architecture and Society, Polytechnic of Milan, Italy
371 «To create is divine, to reproduce is human»1. Is an approach based on Cesare Brandi’s theory possible for modern surfaces? Sara Di Resta
Faculty of Architecture, IUAV University of Venice, Italy
389 Lessons from Bucharest: cultural continuity, reversibility and attitudes towards change in the context of the conservation charters Fintan Duffy
Department of Architecture, Waterford Institute of Technology, Ireland
407 Patrimoine et développement urbain Lecture patrimoniale d’un quartier en devenir: Bucarest 2011 Christine Estève
École Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Montpellier, France
C o n s e r v a t i o n / R e g e n e r a t i o n : T h e M o d e r n i s t N e i g h b o r h o o d 1110 E A A E T r a n s a c t i o n s o n a r c h i t e c t u r a l e d u c a t i o n n o . 5 8
701 The RE-generation: shared strategies to preserve urban heritage Nino Sulfaro
Faculty of Engineering, University of Messina, Italy
719 Restoration or maintenance of architecture: protocols for the planning of a coherent project and for the work it precedes Fabio Todesco
Faculty of Engineering, University of Messina, Italy
739 Urban Intervention in a Modernist neighbourhood: case study of the Jianu area in Bucharest Andreea Udrea
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
761 Preserve the transient and not only Rita Vecchiattini
Polytechnic School, University of Genoa, Italy
Epilogue
785 Conservation/Regeneration: of what and for what? Stefano Francesco Musso
Polytechnic School, University of Genoa, Italy
List o participants
599 Identifying objectives and developing programmes in protected areas: a methodological approach Gabriel Pascariu
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
619 The Modernist borough of Bucharest and the ‘Rione Amedeo’ in Naples: Questions of conservation and development on an urban scale of a private residential heritage between the 19th and 20th century Renata Picone
Faculty of Architecture, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
637 The different approach between conservation and regeneration in historical urban areas: the Dorobani neighbourhood in Bucharest Giuseppina Pugliano
Parthenope University of Naples, Italy
663 Le patrimoine comme enjeu prospectif d’une urbanité reconsidérée à Bucarest Chloé Salembier
Faculté d’architecture, d’ingénierie architecturale et d’urbanisme,
Université Catholique de Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
683 Preserving the identity of urban heritage: the safeguarding and development of a district of Bucharest Barbara Scala1, Franco Biondi2
Faculty of Engineering, University of Brescia, Italy1
School of Specialisation in Architectural Heritage and Landscape,
University of Genoa, Italy2
693 City-Fragments: Some reflections on ‘urban lacuna’ in Bucharest Emanuela Sorbo
Faculty of Architecture, IUAV University of Venice, Italy
C o n s e r v a t i o n / R e g e n e r a t i o n : T h e M o d e r n i s t N e i g h b o r h o o d 1312 E A A E T r a n s a c t i o n s o n a r c h i t e c t u r a l e d u c a t i o n n o . 5 8
C o n s e r v a t i o n / R e g e n e r a t i o n : T h e M o d e r n i s t N e i g h b o r h o o d 1514 E A A E T r a n s a c t i o n s o n a r c h i t e c t u r a l e d u c a t i o n n o . 5 8
Conservation/Regeneration: the
Modernist neighbourhood
Loughl in Kealy
I n t r o d u c t i o n
C o n s e r v a t i o n / R e g e n e r a t i o n : T h e M o d e r n i s t N e i g h b o r h o o d 1716 E A A E T r a n s a c t i o n s o n a r c h i t e c t u r a l e d u c a t i o n n o . 5 8
I n t r o d u c t i o nR o d i c a C r i a n
CONSERVATION / REGENERATION: the Modernist neighbourhood Rodica Crian
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
The theme
In its broadest sense, the term Modernism describes the culturally
and socially progressive trend arising from the wide-scale and far-
reaching changes of societies in the late 19th and early 20th cen-
tury. The ‘traditional’ became obsolete in the new economic, social,
and political conditions of an emerging fully industrialised world.
People assumed the power to create, improve and reshape their
environment with the aid of scientific knowledge and new technolo-
gies. From this perspective, Modernism encouraged the re-consid-
eration of every aspect of existence, from art and philosophy to
everyday life and housing.
Modernism was mainly shaped within the rapid growth of cities,
accompanying the development of modern industrial societies.
Generated by economic and social requirements, the planned ex-
tension of the cities became a generous field for experimenting with
new Modern thought in urbanism and architecture. The result were
new urban tissues, exhibiting various innovative concepts at urban
and building level:
turesque architectural landscape guided by public regulations (such
as the new Imperial District of Wilhelm II at Metz);
- autonomous housing ensembles for workers reflecting rigorous
economic criteria and serialisation principles, but also the meeting
of industry and nature in a beautiful and healthy environment (such
as the model company towns Saltaire, Bournville, Port Sunlight,
Creswell and New Earswick, in Great Britain; the ‘Nouveau
Quartier’ in Mulhouse and ‘Cité Ouvrière Menier’ at Noisiel, in
France; Colònia Güell near Barcelona, in Spain; or the new work-
ers’ housing developments at Essen, in Germany);
- few completely autonomous garden cities created as an alterna-
tive to the industrial city by combining the best of town and country
living (such as Letchworth and Welwyn, in Great Britain);
- numerous garden neighbourhoods distinctively marked by ar-
chitectural refinement and attention to landscaping (such as
Hampstead at London, Hellerau at Dresden, Stockfeld at Strasbourg,
Prozorovskoe at Moscow, Vreewijk at Rotterdam, Meaparks at Riga
and many others);
- new neighbourhoods resulted - in the interwar period - from the
meeting of the garden city model with the public social policies
of the time (such as the Siedlungen in Frankfurt, Berlin, Hamburg
and Stuttgart, the new residential districts in Holland, France or
Russia, and the Höfe ensembles in Vienna) which quickly adopted
an architectural aesthetic informed by the precepts of the Modern
Movement.
These Modern urban ensembles now represent a valuable heritage
of our cities, a particular cultural landscape testifying to a remark-
able period of urban history and exhibiting at times an authentic
avant-garde dimension.
But the built heritage of the 19th and 20th centuries is particularly
vulnerable because of its weak legal protection and low appre-
ciation among the general public. In December 1989 a Council
of Europe proposal put forward a range of activities and recom-
mendations worldwide, partly focused on raising public awareness
about Modern heritage . It is obvious that education, and architec-
tural education in particular, has much to do in this matter.
The 3rd Conservation Workshop, held in 2011 in Bucharest, pro-
posed that participants explore the theme of ‘regeneration’ and
reflect on the contribution that conservation disciplines can offer
to the urban life of the future. In this context, the particular case
of the Modernist neighbourhoods was chosen. What are the val-
ues of such a place? Why should these values be preserved? Are
they recognised by the contemporary societies? Do the Modernist
neighbourhoods benefit from an adequate treatment within current
urban regeneration processes? How does the general theory of
conservation apply in this case? What is the relationship between
conservation and regeneration in this particular case? Should we
speak here about ‘regeneration by conservation’, or about ‘con-
servation by regeneration’? Such questions and many others could
be considered in relation to the Modernist neighbourhoods and
the development of our cities. Therefore, three major topics repre-
senting the main aspects of the conservation/regeneration of the
Modern parts of the cities were proposed for the workshop, to re-
flect on with regard to different levels and disciplinary aspects: the
theoretical and methodological issues; the urban scale approach;
the building scale interventions.
C o n s e r v a t i o n / R e g e n e r a t i o n : T h e M o d e r n i s t N e i g h b o r h o o d 1918 E A A E T r a n s a c t i o n s o n a r c h i t e c t u r a l e d u c a t i o n n o . 5 8
I n t r o d u c t i o nR o d i c a C r i a n
The study site
The previous Conservation Workshop, held in Dublin in 2009, in-
troduced the idea of the ‘experiment’: instead of presenting previ-
ously prepared papers, participants are asked to reflect on some
key issues of conservation and on how they may be explored in
teaching, through the investigation of a real site.
The workshop in Bucharest adopted the same kind of approach
and a Modernist borough in Bucharest was chosen for on site
investigation.
During the second half of the 19th century the population of
Bucharest increased rapidly and a new period of urban develop-
ment began, shaping in fact the modern city. During the early
years of Prince Carol’s rule, which started in 1866, Bucharest was
equipped with gas lighting, railway stations, a horsedrawn tram
system, a telephone system, several factories, boulevards, and rep-
resentative public buildings, as well as large private residences. The
National Bank of Romania was opened in April 1880, as the first
and most important in a series of new banking institutions.
Construction works significantly accelerated in Bucharest after the
proclamation of the Kingdom of Romania in 1881. In 1883, flood-
ing of the Dâmbovia was stopped through the channelling of the
river. New representative buildings were added and the skyline of
the city increased in height. Limited use of electricity was introduced
in 1882.
In the same period, the extensive vacant land in the northern green
periphery of Bucharest made possible the arrangement of large
parks near the lakes and the creation of a new residential bor-
ough, following modern principles of urbanism. The site proposed
for exploration within the 3rd Conservation Workshop is part of this
modern extension of the town, built between 1895 and 1940.
After the First World War, Bucharest – capital of Greater Romania
since the state unification in 1918 – became an important admin-
istrative centre and experienced a spectacular economic growth
which attracted massive immigration. The major real estate invest-
ments coincided with the return of young architects trained abroad,
who brought with them Western avant-garde ideas and principles.
On the other hand, certain groups of progressive intellectuals, of
average to high…
E A A E T r a n s a c t i o n s o n A r c h i t e c t u r a l E d u c a t i o n
CONSERVATION/REGENERATION: The Modernist Neighbourhood
I n t r o d u c t i o n
CONSERVATION/REGENERATION: The Modernist Neighbourhood
Rodica Crian Giovanna Franco Loughlin Kealy Stefano F. Musso Editors
Organising Institutions
Hosting Institution: Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning, Bucharest, Romania
Co-organising Institution: University of Genoa, Italy School of Specialization in Architectural Heritage and Landscape DSA-Department of Sciences for Architecture
EAAE Transac t ions on arch i tec tura l educat ion no. 58
Editors: Rodica Crian, Giovanna Franco, Loughlin Kealy, Stefano F. Musso
Graphic design: Andra Panait
Published by EAAE - Kastel van Arenberg 1, B 3001 - Leuven, Belgique - 2012
ISBN: 978-2-930301-57-0
Printed in Romania – Smart Print, Bucharest – March 2013
Copyright © by the authors. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm or by any other means without written permission from the publisher.
This book presents the papers written by 47 participants after
the 3rd Workshop organized by the Conservation Network of
the European Association for Architectural Education in 2011 in
Romania.
The workshop was attended by 51 participants from 22 univer-
sities, representing 8 countries: Belgium, France, Ireland, Italy,
Netherlands, Portugal, Romania and Turkey.
Scientific Committee: Professor Rodica Crian Professor Giovanna Franco Professor Loughlin Kealy Professor Stefano F. Musso
Illustrations to the text were provided by the authors, organizers and editors.
This project has been funded with the support of the European Commission. This publication re- flects only the authors’ views, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
EAAE - European Association for Architectural Education
ENHSA-European Network of Heads of Schools of Architecture
C o n s e r v a t i o n / R e g e n e r a t i o n : T h e M o d e r n i s t N e i g h b o r h o o d 54 E A A E T r a n s a c t i o n s o n a r c h i t e c t u r a l e d u c a t i o n n o . 5 8
C o n t e n t s
Introduction
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
29 Engagement: vision, thought and conscience Loughlin Kealy
School of Architecture, Landscape and Civil Engineering, University College
Dublin, Ireland
The study area: a Modernist neighborhood in Bucharest
47 The history and the urban characteristics of the study area Nicolae Lascu
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
65 Typological and morpho-stylistical analysis of the Calea Dorobanilor – Aviatorilor – Iancu de Hunedoara perimeter Mihaela Criticos
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
C o n s e r v a t i o n / R e g e n e r a t i o n : T h e M o d e r n i s t N e i g h b o r h o o d 76 E A A E T r a n s a c t i o n s o n a r c h i t e c t u r a l e d u c a t i o n n o . 5 8
81 Conservation and the City . The dichotomy between economic development and urban identity. Case study: the The ‘protected areas’ of Bucharest Anca Brtuleanu
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
97 The planning system and instruments in Romania and their evolution with a focus on protected areas1
Gabriel Pascariu
Reports on the working groups’ discussions regarding the problems of conservation/regeneration of Modern parts of cities
119 Report on the discussions regarding topic A: The theoretical and methodologi- cal approach with regard to different levels and disciplinary aspects Hanna Derer
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
131 Report on the discussions regarding topic B: The urban planning, manage- ment, economic and social aspects of the question with special regard to tutor- ship and development Gabriel Pascariu
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
147 Report on the discussions regarding topic C: Design as project and process of intervention on single buildings: technical contents, goals and criteria Mihaela Criticos
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
Essays
161 Strategies for the conservation and reuse of 20th-century neighbourhoods: limits and potentials Francesca Albani
School of Architecture and Society, Polytechnic of Milan, Italy
173 Authenticity between social awareness and conservation: a case study in Bucharest Monica Aresi, Damiana Paternò, Oana iganea
School of Architecture and Society, Polytechnic of Milan, Italy
191 Regeneration of urban space: an intrinsic process? Gokhan Mehmet Berk
Faculty of Architecture, Yldz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
207 Neighbourhoods in Bucharest: recognition, conservation and inheritance Maria Teresa Campisi1, Antonella Mamì2, Renata Prescia2
Faculty of Architecture, University of Palermo, Italy2
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kore University of Enna, Italy1
231 Modernist boroughs: conservation of historical values and urban design Stella Casiello, Andrea Pane, Valentina Russo
Faculty of Architecture, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
251 Building rehabilitation in the Modernist neighbourhood Mircea Crian
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
279 Regeneration in (teaching) conservation Rodica Crian
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
C o n s e r v a t i o n / R e g e n e r a t i o n : T h e M o d e r n i s t N e i g h b o r h o o d 98 E A A E T r a n s a c t i o n s o n a r c h i t e c t u r a l e d u c a t i o n n o . 5 8
429 The careful management of inevitable change: reflections on the workshop in Bucharest Teresa Ferreira
Faculty of Architecture, University of Porto, Portugal
443 Sustainability and heritage: a challenge for contemporary culture Giovanna Franco
Polytechnic School, University of Genoa, Italy
469 The preservation of modern architecture and the decay of new materials Luca Giorgi
Faculty of Architecture, University of Florence, Italy
497 Energy saving and architectural heritage protection in a Modernist neighbourhood Alberto Grimoldi
School of Architecture and Society, Polytechnic of Milan, Italy
513 New ‘openings’ on the district: the role of frames in the perception of the façade Angelo Giuseppe Landi
School of Architecture and Society, Polytechnic of Milan, Italy
531 The sad story of the protected areas in Bucharest1
Vera Marin
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
549 The workshop on Modern architecture and new conservation problems Pietro Matracchi
Faculty of Architecture, University of Florence, Italy
577 Integrated strategies and specificity in the conservation of Modern neighbourhoods
Faculty of Architecture, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Italy
297 Quelques considérations sur la préservation de l’authenticité des quartiers résidentiels modernes du nord de Bucarest Stéphane Dawans, Claudine Houbart
L’Institut Superieur d’Architecture «Lambert Lombard», Université de Liège,
Belgium
315 A workshop for restoring Modern architecture Maurizio De Vita
Faculty of Architecture, University of Florence, Italy
335 Bucharest and Modernist neighbourhoods: instruments for the material con- servation, rehabilitation and transformation management of 20th-century dif- fuse built heritage
School of Architecture and Society, Polytechnic of Milan, Italy
359 Features of identity and mixité in a Modernist neighbourhood of Bucharest Carolina Di Biase
School of Architecture and Society, Polytechnic of Milan, Italy
371 «To create is divine, to reproduce is human»1. Is an approach based on Cesare Brandi’s theory possible for modern surfaces? Sara Di Resta
Faculty of Architecture, IUAV University of Venice, Italy
389 Lessons from Bucharest: cultural continuity, reversibility and attitudes towards change in the context of the conservation charters Fintan Duffy
Department of Architecture, Waterford Institute of Technology, Ireland
407 Patrimoine et développement urbain Lecture patrimoniale d’un quartier en devenir: Bucarest 2011 Christine Estève
École Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Montpellier, France
C o n s e r v a t i o n / R e g e n e r a t i o n : T h e M o d e r n i s t N e i g h b o r h o o d 1110 E A A E T r a n s a c t i o n s o n a r c h i t e c t u r a l e d u c a t i o n n o . 5 8
701 The RE-generation: shared strategies to preserve urban heritage Nino Sulfaro
Faculty of Engineering, University of Messina, Italy
719 Restoration or maintenance of architecture: protocols for the planning of a coherent project and for the work it precedes Fabio Todesco
Faculty of Engineering, University of Messina, Italy
739 Urban Intervention in a Modernist neighbourhood: case study of the Jianu area in Bucharest Andreea Udrea
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
761 Preserve the transient and not only Rita Vecchiattini
Polytechnic School, University of Genoa, Italy
Epilogue
785 Conservation/Regeneration: of what and for what? Stefano Francesco Musso
Polytechnic School, University of Genoa, Italy
List o participants
599 Identifying objectives and developing programmes in protected areas: a methodological approach Gabriel Pascariu
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
619 The Modernist borough of Bucharest and the ‘Rione Amedeo’ in Naples: Questions of conservation and development on an urban scale of a private residential heritage between the 19th and 20th century Renata Picone
Faculty of Architecture, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
637 The different approach between conservation and regeneration in historical urban areas: the Dorobani neighbourhood in Bucharest Giuseppina Pugliano
Parthenope University of Naples, Italy
663 Le patrimoine comme enjeu prospectif d’une urbanité reconsidérée à Bucarest Chloé Salembier
Faculté d’architecture, d’ingénierie architecturale et d’urbanisme,
Université Catholique de Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
683 Preserving the identity of urban heritage: the safeguarding and development of a district of Bucharest Barbara Scala1, Franco Biondi2
Faculty of Engineering, University of Brescia, Italy1
School of Specialisation in Architectural Heritage and Landscape,
University of Genoa, Italy2
693 City-Fragments: Some reflections on ‘urban lacuna’ in Bucharest Emanuela Sorbo
Faculty of Architecture, IUAV University of Venice, Italy
C o n s e r v a t i o n / R e g e n e r a t i o n : T h e M o d e r n i s t N e i g h b o r h o o d 1312 E A A E T r a n s a c t i o n s o n a r c h i t e c t u r a l e d u c a t i o n n o . 5 8
C o n s e r v a t i o n / R e g e n e r a t i o n : T h e M o d e r n i s t N e i g h b o r h o o d 1514 E A A E T r a n s a c t i o n s o n a r c h i t e c t u r a l e d u c a t i o n n o . 5 8
Conservation/Regeneration: the
Modernist neighbourhood
Loughl in Kealy
I n t r o d u c t i o n
C o n s e r v a t i o n / R e g e n e r a t i o n : T h e M o d e r n i s t N e i g h b o r h o o d 1716 E A A E T r a n s a c t i o n s o n a r c h i t e c t u r a l e d u c a t i o n n o . 5 8
I n t r o d u c t i o nR o d i c a C r i a n
CONSERVATION / REGENERATION: the Modernist neighbourhood Rodica Crian
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania
The theme
In its broadest sense, the term Modernism describes the culturally
and socially progressive trend arising from the wide-scale and far-
reaching changes of societies in the late 19th and early 20th cen-
tury. The ‘traditional’ became obsolete in the new economic, social,
and political conditions of an emerging fully industrialised world.
People assumed the power to create, improve and reshape their
environment with the aid of scientific knowledge and new technolo-
gies. From this perspective, Modernism encouraged the re-consid-
eration of every aspect of existence, from art and philosophy to
everyday life and housing.
Modernism was mainly shaped within the rapid growth of cities,
accompanying the development of modern industrial societies.
Generated by economic and social requirements, the planned ex-
tension of the cities became a generous field for experimenting with
new Modern thought in urbanism and architecture. The result were
new urban tissues, exhibiting various innovative concepts at urban
and building level:
turesque architectural landscape guided by public regulations (such
as the new Imperial District of Wilhelm II at Metz);
- autonomous housing ensembles for workers reflecting rigorous
economic criteria and serialisation principles, but also the meeting
of industry and nature in a beautiful and healthy environment (such
as the model company towns Saltaire, Bournville, Port Sunlight,
Creswell and New Earswick, in Great Britain; the ‘Nouveau
Quartier’ in Mulhouse and ‘Cité Ouvrière Menier’ at Noisiel, in
France; Colònia Güell near Barcelona, in Spain; or the new work-
ers’ housing developments at Essen, in Germany);
- few completely autonomous garden cities created as an alterna-
tive to the industrial city by combining the best of town and country
living (such as Letchworth and Welwyn, in Great Britain);
- numerous garden neighbourhoods distinctively marked by ar-
chitectural refinement and attention to landscaping (such as
Hampstead at London, Hellerau at Dresden, Stockfeld at Strasbourg,
Prozorovskoe at Moscow, Vreewijk at Rotterdam, Meaparks at Riga
and many others);
- new neighbourhoods resulted - in the interwar period - from the
meeting of the garden city model with the public social policies
of the time (such as the Siedlungen in Frankfurt, Berlin, Hamburg
and Stuttgart, the new residential districts in Holland, France or
Russia, and the Höfe ensembles in Vienna) which quickly adopted
an architectural aesthetic informed by the precepts of the Modern
Movement.
These Modern urban ensembles now represent a valuable heritage
of our cities, a particular cultural landscape testifying to a remark-
able period of urban history and exhibiting at times an authentic
avant-garde dimension.
But the built heritage of the 19th and 20th centuries is particularly
vulnerable because of its weak legal protection and low appre-
ciation among the general public. In December 1989 a Council
of Europe proposal put forward a range of activities and recom-
mendations worldwide, partly focused on raising public awareness
about Modern heritage . It is obvious that education, and architec-
tural education in particular, has much to do in this matter.
The 3rd Conservation Workshop, held in 2011 in Bucharest, pro-
posed that participants explore the theme of ‘regeneration’ and
reflect on the contribution that conservation disciplines can offer
to the urban life of the future. In this context, the particular case
of the Modernist neighbourhoods was chosen. What are the val-
ues of such a place? Why should these values be preserved? Are
they recognised by the contemporary societies? Do the Modernist
neighbourhoods benefit from an adequate treatment within current
urban regeneration processes? How does the general theory of
conservation apply in this case? What is the relationship between
conservation and regeneration in this particular case? Should we
speak here about ‘regeneration by conservation’, or about ‘con-
servation by regeneration’? Such questions and many others could
be considered in relation to the Modernist neighbourhoods and
the development of our cities. Therefore, three major topics repre-
senting the main aspects of the conservation/regeneration of the
Modern parts of the cities were proposed for the workshop, to re-
flect on with regard to different levels and disciplinary aspects: the
theoretical and methodological issues; the urban scale approach;
the building scale interventions.
C o n s e r v a t i o n / R e g e n e r a t i o n : T h e M o d e r n i s t N e i g h b o r h o o d 1918 E A A E T r a n s a c t i o n s o n a r c h i t e c t u r a l e d u c a t i o n n o . 5 8
I n t r o d u c t i o nR o d i c a C r i a n
The study site
The previous Conservation Workshop, held in Dublin in 2009, in-
troduced the idea of the ‘experiment’: instead of presenting previ-
ously prepared papers, participants are asked to reflect on some
key issues of conservation and on how they may be explored in
teaching, through the investigation of a real site.
The workshop in Bucharest adopted the same kind of approach
and a Modernist borough in Bucharest was chosen for on site
investigation.
During the second half of the 19th century the population of
Bucharest increased rapidly and a new period of urban develop-
ment began, shaping in fact the modern city. During the early
years of Prince Carol’s rule, which started in 1866, Bucharest was
equipped with gas lighting, railway stations, a horsedrawn tram
system, a telephone system, several factories, boulevards, and rep-
resentative public buildings, as well as large private residences. The
National Bank of Romania was opened in April 1880, as the first
and most important in a series of new banking institutions.
Construction works significantly accelerated in Bucharest after the
proclamation of the Kingdom of Romania in 1881. In 1883, flood-
ing of the Dâmbovia was stopped through the channelling of the
river. New representative buildings were added and the skyline of
the city increased in height. Limited use of electricity was introduced
in 1882.
In the same period, the extensive vacant land in the northern green
periphery of Bucharest made possible the arrangement of large
parks near the lakes and the creation of a new residential bor-
ough, following modern principles of urbanism. The site proposed
for exploration within the 3rd Conservation Workshop is part of this
modern extension of the town, built between 1895 and 1940.
After the First World War, Bucharest – capital of Greater Romania
since the state unification in 1918 – became an important admin-
istrative centre and experienced a spectacular economic growth
which attracted massive immigration. The major real estate invest-
ments coincided with the return of young architects trained abroad,
who brought with them Western avant-garde ideas and principles.
On the other hand, certain groups of progressive intellectuals, of
average to high…
Related Documents
