Species and Habitat Management Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
Conservation Strategy Mapping: Terrestrial Orchids
Nov 02, 2014
In light of the lack of precise habitat definitions for many terrestrial orchid species, it was the overall aim of this study to gain a more accurate and quantitative understanding of the factors that determine orchid occurrence and to demonstrate how these data could be used to inform orchid conservation. We have developed a novel approach to ecological research and conservation strategy development that, if adopted, could facilitate empirically-based conservation projects that are more easily and effectively implemented by non-specialist conservation practitioners at a local level. Our approach integrates two techniques that are increasingly being used in ecological research and conservation biology and which have great potential to facilitate targeted and applicable studies of this type. The first is GIS, which has recently emerged as a powerful tool for studying landscape ecology and for developing conservation strategy at a landscape level. The second is the data analysis technique of Classification and Regression Tree Analysis (CART). Our method integrates the power of GIS and CART analysis to characterise the determinants of orchid dispersion and the combination of these factors that represent ‘good’ or potential habitat for the species.
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Species and Habitat Management
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
Species and Habitat Management
The Warburg Reserve, Oxfordshire
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
A heterogeneous mosaic of rich and diverse habitats –
BBOWT’s Flagship Reserve – SSSI.
265 acres (about 100 hectares).
Originally SSSI listed due to orchid diversity and abundance – 19 species have been recorded.
Also important for several other animal and plant species.
Species and Habitat Management
The Warburg Reserve, Oxfordshire
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
A heterogeneous mosaic of rich and diverse habitats –
Species and Habitat Management
Orchids at the Warburg Reserve, Oxfordshire
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
Bee Orchid – Ophrys apifera
Species and Habitat Management
Orchids at the Warburg Reserve, Oxfordshire
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
Broad-Leaved Helleborine – Epipactis helleborine
Species and Habitat Management
Orchids at the Warburg Reserve, Oxfordshire
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
Fly Orchid – Ophrys insectifera
Species and Habitat Management
Orchids at the Warburg Reserve, Oxfordshire
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
Military Orchid – Orchis militaris
Species and Habitat Management
Orchids at the Warburg Reserve, Oxfordshire
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
Pyramidal Orchid – Anacamptis pyramidalis
Species and Habitat Management
Pyramidal Orchid Study
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
Warburg has unique collection of historical orchid data.• Hand drawn maps traced from OS Map.• Individual plants mapped for each species each year – 1988 to 2001.• 29 maps for 1993 orchid survey data.
All 29 maps scanned, georeferenced and rectified.
Species and Habitat Management
Pyramidal Orchid Study
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
Locations of orchids digitised using a 2m x 2m grid
Species and Habitat Management
Pyramidal Orchid Study
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
23
2005237
10
1993
91014
7
1208
818 26
Species and Habitat Management
Pyramidal Orchid Study
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
1990 1995 2000 2005
Year
Num
ber o
f PYR
Flo
wer
Spi
kes
Species and Habitat Management
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid OccurrencePyramidal Orchid Study
Warburg has unique collection of historical orchid data.
This complete 10 year data set allowed for population trends to be determined.
Species and Habitat Management
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid OccurrencePyramidal Orchid Study
Design of the Study -AIM – To determine the habitat determinants of orchid dispersion.
If you look up pyramidal orchid habitat in a book it says –
“…dry, well drained grassland on chalk, limestone or other calcium rich soils…”
There are places where this is accurate and others where it is not.
SO…If you want to conserve them how do you know what to do?
Species and Habitat Management
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid OccurrencePyramidal Orchid Study
Design of the Study -AIM – To determine the habitat determinants of orchid dispersion.
Broad habitat type Soil Type
Aspect Footpath associations
Slope Light Levels - Spring
Soil pH Light Levels – Summer
I wanted to examine what other factors were effecting orchid dispersion.
• So I designed a method that used GIS and CART to find out.
Species and Habitat Management
Pyramidal Orchid Study
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
HabitatSoil TypeAspectFootpathsSlopeSoil pHLight SpringLight Summer
Species and Habitat Management
Pyramidal Orchid Study
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
HabitatSoil TypeAspectFootpathsSlopeSoil pHLight SpringLight Summer
Species and Habitat Management
Pyramidal Orchid Study
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
HabitatSoil TypeAspectFootpathsSlopeSoil pHLight SpringLight Summer
Species and Habitat Management
Pyramidal Orchid Study
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
HabitatSoil TypeAspectFootpathsSlopeSoil pHLight SpringLight Summer
Species and Habitat Management
Pyramidal Orchid Study
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
HabitatSoil TypeAspectFootpathsSlopeSoil pHLight SpringLight Summer
Species and Habitat Management
Pyramidal Orchid Study
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
HabitatSoil TypeAspectFootpathsSlopeSoil pHLight SpringLight Summer
3
Species and Habitat Management
Pyramidal Orchid Study
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
HabitatSoil TypeAspectFootpathsSlopeSoil pHLight SpringLight Summer
Species and Habitat Management
Pyramidal Orchid Study
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
HabitatSoil TypeAspectFootpathsSlopeSoil pHLight SpringLight Summer
Species and Habitat Management
Pyramidal Orchid Study
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
HabitatSoil TypeAspectFootpathsSlopeSoil pHLight SpringLight Summer
Species and Habitat Management
Pyramidal Orchid Study
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
HabitatSoil TypeAspectFootpathsSlopeSoil pHLight SpringLight Summer
Species and Habitat Management
Pyramidal Orchid Study
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
HabitatSoil TypeAspectFootpathsSlopeSoil pHLight SpringLight Summer
Species and Habitat Management
Pyramidal Orchid Study
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
HabitatSoil TypeAspectFootpathsSlopeSoil pHLight SpringLight Summer
Species and Habitat Management
Pyramidal Orchid Study
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
HabitatSoil TypeAspectFootpathsSlopeSoil pHLight SpringLight Summer
Species and Habitat Management
Pyramidal Orchid Study
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
HabitatSoil TypeAspectFootpathsSlopeSoil pHLight SpringLight Summer
4597patches
Species and Habitat Management
Pyramidal Orchid Study
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
HabitatSoil TypeAspectFootpathsSlopeSoil pHLight SpringLight Summer
Orchid data combined with habitat variables
2085 Pyramidal orchid positive patches
Species and Habitat Management
Pyramidal Orchid Study
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
HabitatSoil TypeAspectFootpathsSlopeSoil pHLight SpringLight Summer
Classification and Regression Tree Analysis
Classification and Regression Tree Analysis
Rules for terminal node 2
IFHABITAT = A 2.1.0. Scrub - Dense
B 2.2.0. Neutral Grassland B 3.1.0. Calcareous Grassland
AND SLOPE <= 5.5
ANDLIGHT JUNE > 3.5
THEN PYR = Present
Rules for terminal node 5
IFCANOPY = Open
ANDHABITAT = A 1.1.1. Broadleaved Woodland
ANDSOIL TYPE = 2
THEN PYR = Present
Rules for terminal node 5
IFCANOPY = Open
ANDHABITAT = A 1.1.1. Broadleaved Woodland
ANDSOIL TYPE = 2
THEN PYR = Present
Rules for terminal node 7
IFBUFFERDIST = 5
ANDSOIL TYPE = 1
ANDHABITAT = A 1.1.1. Broadleaved Woodland
A 1.3.1. Mixed WoodlandA 2.2.0. Scrub - Scattered
THEN PYR = Present
Species and Habitat Management
Pyramidal Orchid Study
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
CART analysis also scores the importance of the variables…
Creating a Conservation Strategy Map Key variables used to create map of optimum habitat. Variables weighted according to importance scores derived from model.
Species and Habitat Management
Pyramidal Orchid Study
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
Creating a Conservation Strategy Map Key variables used to create map of optimum habitat. Variables weighted according to importance scores derived from model.
Species and Habitat Management
Pyramidal Orchid Study
Using GIS to Examine the Key Determinants of British Native Orchid Occurrence
Colony growth after changed management
Colony growth after changed managementColony growth
after changed management
No prospect of colonisation –possible site for translocation
Colony growth after changed management
The End…
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