Conservation Management Zones of Australia South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands Prepared by the Department of the Environment
Conservation Management Zones of AustraliaSouth Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Prepared by the Department of the Environment
Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
AcknowledgementsThis project and its associated products are the result of collaboration between the Department of the Environment’s Biodiversity Conservation Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of Environment (DotE), Department of Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the academic community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE; Nyree Stenekes and Robert Kancans (DoA), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson (ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice.
Special thanks to CSIRO researchers Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns underpinned identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia.
Image CreditsFront Cover: Mount Chambers, Flinders Ranges, South Australia – Copyright Mark McLeodPage 4: Flinders Ranges, South Australia – Copyright SATC/Adam BuzzonePage 10: Ethel Beach, Innes National Park – Greg Snell, Copyright Tourism AustraliaPage 16: Ringneck Parrot (Barnardius zonarius), Wilpena Pound, South Australia – Copyright Maxime CoquardPage 19: Emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae), Innes National Park, Yorke Peninsula – Balambigai Balakrishnan, Copyright SATCPage 22: Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby (Petrogale xanthopus) – PeripitusPage 24: Flinders Ranges Worm-lizard (Aprasia pseudopulchella) – Matt ClancyPage 25: Pygmy Blue-tongue Lizard (Tiliqua adelaidensis) – Mark HutchinsonPage 27: Regent Parrot (Polytelis anthopeplus) – JJ HarrisonPage 29: Flock of Galahs (Eolophus roseicapilla), Flinders Ranges, South Australia – John Milbank, Copyright SATCPage 34: Sea Lion (Neophoca cinerea), Baird Bay, Eyre Peninsula of South Australia – Greg Snell, Copyright Tourism AustraliaPage 35: Ngarkat Conservation Park, South Australia – Ray Jones www.travelling-australia.infoPage 36: Mallee with tussock grass (Eucalyptus socialis) – Murray FaggPage 37: Saltbush Shrubland, Flinders Ranges – Murray FaggPage 38: Mallee with a dense shrubby understorey, Ngarkat Conservation Park – Murray FaggPage 39: Mallee with hummock grass (Eucalyptus dumosa) – Murray FaggPage 40: Casuarina and Allocasuarina open woodlands (Casuarina pauper), Flinders Ranges – Murray FaggPage 41: Mallee with an open shrubby understorey (Eucalyptus gracilis) – Murray FaggBack Cover: Mount Chambers, Flinders Ranges, South Australia – Copyright Mark McLeod
© Commonwealth of Australia, 2015.
The Conservation Management Zones of Australia profile is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons By Attribution 3.0 Australia licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people.
For licence conditions see here.
Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Contents
Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country ����������������������������������������������2
Introduction ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������2
Zone at a glance �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3
Population characteristics �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6
Employment, volunteering and incomes ��������������������������������������������������������������������������9
Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������11
Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas ������������������������� 13
Zone vegetation characteristics����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 15
Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands�������������������������������������������������������������������17
World and National Heritage ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 19
Major National Reserve System properties �������������������������������������������������������������������� 20
EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities ������������������������������������������������� 21
EPBC Act (1999) threatened species ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 22
EPBC Act (1999) migratory species ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 28
Threatened endemic species ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 30
Invasive species ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 32
Vegetation profiles and management recommendations ��������������������������������������� 35
2 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
The Australian Government acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to Elders past and present of our nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities� We honour the deep spiritual, cultural and customary connections of Traditional Owners to the Australian landscape, including Australia’s waterways, land and sea country�
Introduction The 23 Conservation Management Zones of Australia are geographic areas, classified according to their ecological and threat characteristics. The zones are also aligned with the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia.
The Conservation Management Zones provide a way of understanding Australia’s natural environment that will assist in long-term conservation planning and help the Australian Government to better design, deliver and report on Natural Resource Management (NRM) investments, including ensuring alignment of national NRM priorities with local action.
The Conservation Management Zones also provide a filter through which to make national environmental and socio-economic data more accessible and comprehensible, and a framework for gathering on-ground knowledge and expertise about the environment. This will improve information flow to the Australian Government about regional NRM requirements, best practice management, emerging NRM issues and knowledge gaps.
The Conservation Management Zones do not represent any change to existing administrative boundaries or governance structures, but aim to support the NRM and wider community to cooperatively manage environmental assets across boundaries, where they share common threats, ecological characteristics and stakeholders.
Each Conservation Management Zone profile contains a standard suite of nationally available ecological and socio-economic information. We hope that this information will enable Australians of all ages and backgrounds to engage with, understand and appreciate Australian landscapes, and support all Australians to manage our natural resources more effectively.
The profile information provides an indicative, high-level stock-take of the environmental and socio-economic landscape and it is not intended to be comprehensive. It should also be noted that, at present, the profiles contain only limited information on aquatic ecosystems, coastal assets and Indigenous land management practices. In future, consultation and comprehensive literature reviews will enable us to provide more complete information.
Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country
3 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Zone at a glance
Area of zone: 32,644,278 hectares
% of Australia:
4.24%2.05 people per square kilometre
Population density:
Zone population characteristics
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
646,592
Tota
l
Engl
ish a
s a
seco
nd
lang
uage
Indi
geno
us
Ove
r 65
Yout
h (1
5–24
)
Num
ber o
f peo
ple
Zone employment characteristics
95.3%
4.7%
UnemployedEmployed
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
4 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Major cities and towns Population
Berri 4,107 Kadina 4,461 Mildura 31,272 Murray Bridge 15,642 Port Lincoln 14,083 Port Pirie 13,850 Renmark 4,381
Other towns Population
Balaklava 1,828 Bamera 1,916 Bordertown 2,543 Ceduna 2,292 Clare 3,283 Kapunda 2,484 Loxton 3,783 Mannum 2,167 Merbein 1,926 Moonta 3,650 Red Cliffs 2,558 Wallaroo 3,158 Warracknabeal 2,338
Natural Resource Management (NRM) regions
Murray Local Land Services (LLS) NSW
Riverina LLS NSW
Western LLS NSW
Natural Resources (NR) Eyre Peninsula SA
NR Northern and Yorke SA
NR SA Arid Lands SA
NR SA Murray Darling SA
Mallee Catchment Management Authority (CMA) VIC
North Central CMA VICWimmera CMA VIC
Top five agricultural commodities Value (millions)
Cereals for grain $2,993
Fruit $1,088
Legumes for grain $402
Vegetables for consumption $390
Lamb $306Total value of agricultural commodities (including other commodities not listed here)
$6,485
Climate characteristics*
Mean annual temperature 16.5 Celsius
Mean Maximum of the Hottest Month 31.3 Celsius
Mean Minimum of the Coldest Month 4 Celsius
Mean Annual Rainfall 306.6 mm
Dominant rainfall season Winter
* The figures are interpolated 75-year means (1921 to 1995) representing the period prior to the onset of rapid climatic warming. Cited in: Williams KJ, Belbin L, Austin MP, Stein J, Ferrier S (2012) Which environmental variables should I use in my biodiversity model? International Journal of Geographic Information Sciences 26(11), 2009–2047. (Data derived from Australian Climate surfaces version 2.1 for the ANUCLIM-BIOCLIM package).
For future climate projections please refer to: http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
5 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Native Title area
8%
92%
Other areaNative Title area
National Reserve System area
14%
86%
Other areaNRS area
Native vegetation clearance level
67%
33%
Uncleared (ha)Cleared (ha)
Number of threatened species by class
96
33
15
84
Fish
BirdsPlants Mammals
Frogs
Reptiles
Insects Sharks
11
1
Status of EPBC Act listed threatened species, communities and migratory species
0.000000 15.833333 31.666667 47.500000 63.333333 79.166667 95.000000
90
58
66
2
Threatened ecologicalcommunities
Migratory species
Conservation dependent
Critically endangered species
Endangered species
Vulnerable species
11
12
Source: Based on data from the National Native Title Register; Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD); National Vegetation Information System (NVIS); Species’ Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT).
6 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Population
Population by age group
18%
12%
34%
19%
65 years and over40–64 years
15–24 years0–14 years 25–39 years
17%
Indigenous population by age group
37%
19%
3%
22%
19%
65 years and over40–64 years
15–24 years0–14 years 25–39 years
Farmer and farm managers by age group
21%
4%16%
59%
65 years and over40–64 years
25–39 years15–24 years
Gender of farmers and farm managers
11,542
3,791
FemaleMale
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Population characteristics
7 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Languages spoken at home
English 79.45%
Other languages 16.16%
Not stated 4.27%
Non-English languages spoken at home*
Northern European (including Scandinavia, Celtic, Germanic, Dutch)Southern European
Eastern European
Central Asian, Turkic, Iranic and Semitic
Southern Asian, Dravidan and Indo-Ayran
South-East Asian
East Asian
Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
African
Paci�c / Oceanic
Invented language
Sign language
30.75%
12.40%
6.99%
10.40%
3.67%
0.01%
* Please note, these �gures are based on the proportion of the population who indicated in the 2011 ABS Census that they spoke a language other than English at home.
20.10%
10.77%
0.25%
3.17%0.62%
0.87%
Indigenous languages spoken at home**
14.57%
78.45%
Northern Desert Fringe Area Languages
Arandic
Western Desert Language
Other (unspeci�ed) Australian Indigenous Languages
** Please note, these �gures are based on the proportion of the population who indicated in the 2011 ABS Census that they spoke an Indigenous language at home.
3.26%3.72%
8 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Education
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
65 years and over40–64 years
25–39 years15–24 years
Highest level of educational attainment – total population
Inad
equa
tely
des
crib
ed/N
ot st
ated
No
Educ
atio
nal A
ttai
nmen
t
Scho
ol Y
ears
10
or b
elow
Scho
ol Y
ears
11
and
12
Cert
i�ca
te L
evel
Bach
elor
Deg
ree/
Adva
nced
Dip
lom
a an
d D
iplo
ma
Post
grad
uate
Deg
ree/
Gra
duat
eD
iplo
ma
& G
radu
ate
Cert
i�ca
te
Highest level of educational attainment – Indigenous community
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Inad
equa
tely
des
crib
ed/N
ot st
ated
No
Educ
atio
nal A
ttai
nmen
t
Scho
ol Y
ears
10
or b
elow
Scho
ol Y
ears
11
and
12
Cert
i�ca
te L
evel
Bach
elor
Deg
ree/
Adva
nced
Dip
lom
a an
d D
iplo
ma
Post
grad
uate
Deg
ree/
Gra
duat
eD
iplo
ma
& G
radu
ate
Cert
i�ca
te
65 years and over40–64 years
25–39 years15–24 years
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
65 years and over40–64 years
25–39 years15–24 years
Highest level of educational attainment – farmers and farm managers
Inad
equa
tely
des
crib
ed/N
ot st
ated
No
Educ
atio
nal A
ttai
nmen
t
Scho
ol Y
ears
10
or b
elow
Scho
ol Y
ears
11
and
12
Cert
i�ca
te L
evel
Bach
elor
Deg
ree/
Adva
nced
Dip
lom
a an
d D
iplo
ma
Post
grad
uate
Deg
ree/
Gra
duat
eD
iplo
ma
& G
radu
ate
Cert
i�ca
te
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
Post-school quali�cation types*
15–2
4 ye
ars o
ld
25–3
9 ye
ars o
ld
40–6
4 ye
ars o
ld
65 y
ears
an
d ab
ove
Natural and Physical Sciences
Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies
Health and education
Architecture, building, society and culture and creative arts
Information Technology, Management and Commerce and service industries
* Please note, this table omits quali�cations of mixed �eld, quali�cations that are not adequately described, and information relating to census respondents who have not stated their quali�cation or are not applicable (i.e. Not of age to have post-school quali�cation).
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
9 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Employment
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Employment status of general population*
65 y
ears
and
abov
e
15–2
4 ye
ars o
ld
40–6
4 ye
ars o
ld
25–3
9 ye
ars o
ld
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labour force or not stated
* Please note the % �gures are relative to each of the age groupings of the population. The categories above are aggregates of the following Australian Bureau of Statistics categories: Employed = Employed full-time; Employed part-time; and Employed away from work. Unemployed = Unemployed looking for full-time work; and Unemployed looking for part-time work. Not in the Labour Force or Not Stated = Not in the Labour Force; and Not Stated. Please note the ‘not applicable’ category has been omitted from the analysis. Not applicable applies to the proportion of the population that is not of working age (e.g. 0–15 year olds and retired). ABS 2011 Census Labour Force data has been utilised for this report, as the national quarterly employment �gures are derived from a relatively small sample of the population.
Employment by industry
Agriculture, forestry and sheries
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities, construction and transport
Health, Social Assistance, Education and training
Public administration and safety
Wholesale and retail trade
Services
Food, accommodation, arts and recreation
Unknown/not stated
8%
20%
13%
6%
15%
16%
8%
11%1%
2%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Employment status of Indigenous population*
Indi
geno
us65
yea
rsan
d ab
ove
Indi
geno
us15
–24
year
s old
Indi
geno
us40
–64
year
s old
Indi
geno
us25
–39
year
s old
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labour force or not stated
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Employment, volunteering and incomes
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Employment status of general population*
65 y
ears
and
abov
e
15–2
4 ye
ars o
ld
40–6
4 ye
ars o
ld
25–3
9 ye
ars o
ld
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labour force or not stated
* Please note the % �gures are relative to each of the age groupings of the population. The categories above are aggregates of the following Australian Bureau of Statistics categories: Employed = Employed full-time; Employed part-time; and Employed away from work. Unemployed = Unemployed looking for full-time work; and Unemployed looking for part-time work. Not in the Labour Force or Not Stated = Not in the Labour Force; and Not Stated. Please note the ‘not applicable’ category has been omitted from the analysis. Not applicable applies to the proportion of the population that is not of working age (e.g. 0–15 year olds and retired). ABS 2011 Census Labour Force data has been utilised for this report, as the national quarterly employment �gures are derived from a relatively small sample of the population.
10 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Volunteering
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Volunteering rates
15–2
4 ye
ars o
ld
25–3
9 ye
ars o
ld
40–6
4 ye
ars o
ld
65 y
ears
an
d ab
ove
Not a volunteer
Volunteer
Not stated or not applicable
Income
Total household income (% of households)*
26.6%
50%
9.8%
2.9%
10.5%
Over $104,000
Under $20,800
Not Stated/Partially Stated
$20,800–64,999 $65,000–$103,999
* Please note these �gures have been derived from the ABS Equivalised Total Household Income (HIED)Census 2011 data. ABS data categories have been aggregated for the purposes of this report. For more information see: http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/statementsdwellinghied?opendocument&navpos=430
In the 2011–12 �nancial year, persons who earned $67,500 or less were eligible for Low Income Tax O�set. Human Services applied the following de�nitions of “low income” as eligibility criteria for the Low Income Supplement in the 2012–13 �nancial year: Income below $30,000 for singles, $45,000 combined for couples, or $60,000 combined for couples or singles with a dependent child.
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
11 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Agricultural commodity values
Value of agricultural commodities^
$0
$500
$1,000
$1,500
$2,000
$2,500
$3,000
Oth
er b
road
acre
cro
ps
Nut
s
Frui
t
Oils
eeds
Legu
me
for g
rain
Hay
Cere
als f
or g
rain
Eggs
Woo
l
Beef
Lam
b
Pork
Dai
ry
Vege
tabl
es fo
r see
d
Vege
tabl
es fo
r con
sum
ptio
n
Nur
serie
s and
cut
�ow
ers
Mill
ions
^ Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced. The value estimates in this publication are derived by the multiplication of price and quantity estimates of agricultural commodities. Price information is estimated based on the average unit value of a given commodity realised in the market place. For more information please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Lookup/7503.0Explanatory%20Notes12010-11?OpenDocument
Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM adviceAustralian farmers manage over 60% of the Australian continent and shoulder much of the burden of responsibility for maintaining and protecting Australia’s natural resource wealth. The information contained in this profile aims to assist the wider community, non-governmental organisations and government agencies to support Australia’s key environmental custodians.
Number of people employed in agriculture, �shing, forestry and downstream industries
20,290
11,441
1,378
79
83Forestry industry, including
production, logging, sawmillingand downstream wood and
paper product manufacturing
Fishing industry, includingproduction and downstream
seafood processingand wholesaling
Agriculture downstreamindustries, including services,
food and beverage
Agriculture industries(production)
1,708
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
12 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Feral animal control*(% of agricultural holdings)
No
man
agem
ent
of fe
ral a
nim
als
Oth
er (u
nspe
ci�e
d)fe
ral a
nim
al c
ontr
ol
Fera
l goa
ts
Fera
l cam
els
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
4.0%
4.5%
Native vegetation protection and regeneration*(% of agricultural holdings)
Oth
er
Stop
ping
mec
hani
cal
or c
hem
ical
des
truc
tion
Redu
cing
gra
zing
pre
ssur
e
Man
agin
g w
eeds
Fenc
ing
o�/e
xclu
ding
stoc
k
Sought advice when adopting native vegetation management**
55.29%
44.71%
NoYes
Sources of advice**^
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Priv
ate
cons
ulta
nt o
rag
ribus
ines
s age
nt
CMA/
NRM
regi
onem
ploy
ed fa
cilit
ator
Rese
arch
and
Dev
elop
men
t Cor
pora
tion
Gov
ernm
ent
exte
nsio
n o�
cer
Peer
s or n
eigh
bour
s
Farm
er g
roup
Land
care
or f
arm
erpr
oduc
tion
grou
p
** The sample for the Drivers of Practice Change 2012 survey consisted of a random subsample of 1228 broadacre farm managers from the Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS) frame. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units. For this reason, the figures presented here are indicative only.
^ This chart indicates the sources of advice utilised for native vegetation management from respondents who identified they sought advice.
For more information please refer to http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domestic-forestry/prep-for-future/drivers-practice-change.pdf
* Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2012 Land Management Practices Survey (LaMPS) 2012. LaMPS collected land practices information from approximately 50,000 farm businesses across Australia. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units and Australian Agricultural Environment units. The % figures presented here are indicative only. For more information on LaMPS please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/4630.0
13 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas
Land tenure
Crown Land – Private – Leased
Crown Land – Public
Crown Land – Public – Leased
Crown Land – Unknown – Leased
Freehold – Unknown
No Data/Unknown
23.54%
0.001%
12.97%20.43%
38.83%4.23%
Land use
Grazing Native Vegetation
Cropping and Horticulture
Conservation and Natural Environments
Grazing Modi�ed Pastures
Industry, Residential, Services and Mining
Other
24%
18%
2%2%
43%
11%
Source: Land tenure data based on Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN) categorisation of Public Sector Mapping Authority (PSMA) State Tenure 2012; Land use mapping based on Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program (ACLUMP) 2012. For more information on Australian land use and management information and classification please refer to: http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/Pages/Default.aspx
Indigenous Land Councils
New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council: www.alc.org.au
Barengi Gadjin Land Council: www.bglc.org.au
Native Title Services Victoria: http://www.ntsv.com.au
South Australian Native Title Services: http://www.nativetitlesa.org
14 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Native Title and Traditional Owners
Traditional Owners Registered Native Title Body Corporate Hectares % of zone
Adnyamathanha People Adnyamathanha Traditional Lands Association (Aboriginal Corporation) RNTBC
1,701,575 5.21
Wotjobaluk People Barengi Gadjin Land Council Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC
723,708 2.22
Adnyamathanha People Adnyamathanha Traditional Lands Association (Aboriginal Corporation) RNTBC
36,638 0.11
First peoples of the River Murray & Mallee Region
The River Murray and Mallee Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC
35,926 0.11
Adnyamathanha People Adnyamathanha Traditional Lands Association (Aboriginal Corporation) RNTBC
33,800 0.10
Gawler Ranges People Gawler Ranges Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC 6,433 0.02
Source: The Native Title Tribunal Register, October 2013. For more information please refer to: http://www.nntt.gov.au/Pages/Searchportal.aspx
Local Government Areas
Balranald Shire Council NSWBourke Shire Council NSWCarrathool Shire Council NSWCentral Darling Shire Council NSWCobar Shire Council NSWLachlan Shire Council NSWThe Council Of The Shire Of Wakool NSWUnincorporated Far West NSWWentworth Shire Council NSWAlexandrina Council SACity Of Port Lincoln SAClare And Gilbert Valleys Council SACoorong Dc SADc Of The Copper Coast SALight Regional Council SAMid Murray Council SANorthern Areas Council SAPort Augusta City Council SAPort Pirie Regional Council SARenmark Paringa Council SASouthern Mallee Dc SATatiara Dc SAThe Barossa Council SAThe Berri Barmera Council SAThe Dc Of Barunga West SAThe Dc Of Ceduna SAThe Dc Of Cleve SAThe Dc Of Elliston SA
Local Government Areas
The Dc Of Franklin Harbour SAThe Dc Of Karoonda East Murray SAThe Dc Of Kimba SAThe Dc Of Lower Eyre Peninsula SAThe Dc Of Loxton Waikerie SAThe Dc Of Mallala SAThe Dc Of Mount Remarkable SAThe Dc Of Orroroo Carrieton SAThe Dc Of Peterborough SAThe Dc Of Streaky Bay SAThe Dc Of Tumby Bay SAThe Dc Of Yorke Peninsula SAThe Flinders Ranges Council SAThe Regional Council Of Goyder SAThe Rural City Of Murray Bridge SAUia Riverland SAWakefield Regional Council SAWudinna District Council SABuloke Shire VICCampaspe Shire VICGannawarra Shire VICHindmarsh Shire VICLoddon Shire VICMildura Rural City VICSwan Hill Rural City VICWest Wimmera Shire VICYarriambiack Shire VIC
15 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Zone vegetation characteristics
The National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) framework is a nationally consistent vegetation classification system based on vegetation data collected by states and territories. It provides information on the extent and distribution of vegetation types across the Australian landscape.
Two products are used to provide the Zone Vegetation Characteristics graph. A modelled pre-European vegetation distribution (pre-1750), and extant (current extent) vegetation, which is based on contemporary vegetation mapping. The information presented here relates to Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVSs). There are 85 MVS types across Australia, describing the structure and floristic composition of dominant and secondary vegetation stratums (e.g. canopy and mid-storey species). Major Vegetation Subgroups only reflect the dominant vegetation type occurring in an area from a mix of vegetation types. Less-dominant vegetation groups which may also be present are therefore not represented.
It is important to note that the vegetation information is indicative only, as state and territory mapping in Australia is of variable resolution and scale. However, this data is the best available nationally consistent information on vegetation, and the dataset continues to evolve and increase in accuracy.
Analysing this information at Conservation Management Zone, rather than national level provides greater discrimination for decision makers, as clearance levels of vegetation types are not uniform across Australia. For example, eucalypt woodlands with a tussock grass understory is a vegetation type found across Australia. In the Brigalow Woodlands Conservation Management Zone, eucalypt open woodlands with a tussock grass understory originally covered approximately 36% of the zone, but today it only covers only 14.5 % of the zone (58.7% of this vegetation community has been cleared in the Brigalow). In the Northern Australia Tropical Savannah zone, this vegetation type originally occupied 19.6% of the zone. Today, it occupies approximately 19.4% of the zone (only 2.3% of this vegetation type has been cleared). It should be noted that this data only provides an indication of change in extent, and not vegetation condition.
For more information on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-information-system
16 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVS) with >1% original distribution within zone
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0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
Present day percentage of CMZ areaPre 1750 percentage of CMZ area
17 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Nationally Important Wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares Criteria
Darling Anabranch Lakes NSW 42,498 1, 2, 5
Tod River Wetland System SA 39,209 1, 2, 3
Upper Spencer Gulf SA 36,568 1, 3, 5, 6
Riverland Wetland Complex SA 34,447 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
Menindee Lakes NSW 29,110 4, 5, 1, 3
Wimmera River VIC 24,773 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Lake Tyrrell VIC 17,477 1, 2
Clinton SA 16,993 1, 3
Lindsay Island VIC 15,799 1, 2, 3
Lake Hindmarsh VIC 14,787 1, 2, 3, 6
Talyawalka Anabranch & Teryawynia Creek NSW 11,435 1, 4
Wallpolla Island VIC 9,708 1, 2, 3
Lake Albacutya VIC 5,982 1, 2, 3, 4
Streaky Bay SA 4,041 3, 5
Bunguluke Wetlands, Tyrrell Creek & Lalbert Creek Floodplain VIC 3,965 1, 2
Franklin Harbour SA 3,830 1, 3, 6
Port Gawler & Buckland Park Lake SA 3,629 1, 3, 5, 6
Lake Newland SA 3,528 1, 3, 5
Barker Inlet & St Kilda SA 3,483 1, 2, 3, 5, 6
Davenport Creek SA 2,412 1, 3, 5, 6
Coffin Bay Coastal Wetland System SA 2,173 3, 5, 6
Lake Hamilton SA 1,956 1
Noora Evaporation Lakes SA 1,626 3
Wills Creek SA 1,529 1, 3
Banrock Swamp Wetland Complex SA 1,375 1, 2, 3
Tumby Bay SA 1,075 1, 3
For more information on Ramsar please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-our-environment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands
Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands
Ramsar wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares
Riverland SA 30,664 Lake Albacutya VIC 5,659 Banrock Station Wetland Complex SA 1,375
The Coorong, and Lakes Alexandrina and Albert Wetland SA 311
Kerang Wetlands – The Marshes VIC 16
18 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Nationally Important Wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares Criteria
Pike-Mundic Wetland Complex SA 949 1, 3, 6
Lake Wallawalla VIC 822 1, 3
Gurra Lakes Wetland Complex SA 807 3
Lowbidgee Floodplain NSW 806 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Baird Bay SA 737 3
Sleaford Mere SA 700 1, 3
Lake Lalbert VIC 686 1, 2, 6
Raak Plain VIC 658 1, 5
Loveday Swamps SA 529 1, 2, 3, 6
Loch Luna Wetland Complex SA 488 1, 2, 3, 6
Wargan Basins (Meridian Lakes) VIC 396 1, 2, 3
Point Labatt SA 393 3, 5
Stockyard Plain SA 387 3, 5
Cardross Lakes VIC 293 1, 3, 5
Spectacle Lakes SA 285 1, 2, 3
The Coorong, Lake Alexandrina & Lake Albert SA 265 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Pink Lakes VIC 256 1, 6
Lake Ranfurly VIC 219 3, 4
Lower Murray Swamps SA 187 1, 2, 3
Innes Salt Lakes SA 166 1
Swan Reach Wetland Complex SA 151 1, 2, 3
Big Swamp SA 142 1, 3
Native Hen Lagoon SA 117 1
Point Davenport SA 116 1, 3, 5
Lake Cowal/Wilbertroy Wetlands NSW 105 1, 2, 3
Pink Lake (Lochiel) VIC 80 1,
Irwin Flat SA 57 1, 3
Poocher & Mundulla Swamps SA 53 2, 6
Pillie Lake SA 37 1
Gum Flat SA 22 1
Murray Bridge Army Training Area Wetlands SA 20 3, 5
Marne River Mouth SA 19 1, 2, 3
Heywoods Lake VIC 15 6
Lake Bael Bael VIC 6 1, 2, 3
Nationally important wetlands are defined according to the following criteria:1. It is a good example of a wetland type occurring within a biogeographic region in Australia.2. It is a wetland which plays an important ecological or hydrological role in the natural functioning of a major wetland system/complex.3. It is a wetland which is important as the habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or provides a refuge when
adverse conditions such as drought prevail.4. The wetland supports 1% or more of the national populations of any native plant or animal taxa.5. The wetland supports native plant or animal taxa or communities which are considered endangered or vulnerable at the national level.6. The wetland is of outstanding historical or cultural significance.Please note, the above are a subset of all the Nationally Important Wetlands found within the Zone. For more information on Nationally Important Wetlands please see: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directory-important-wetlands-australia-third-edition
19 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Please refer to the Australian Heritage Database for detailed information on listing criteria for these heritage values: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-heritage-database
For more information on Australia’s world and national heritage please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage
World and National Heritage
Heritage values World or National Heritage type Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone
Willandra Lakes Region World and National Heritage Natural, Cultural NSW 239,184 0.73
Ediacara Fossil Site National Natural SA 169,061 0.52The Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout National Historic SA 200 0.00
20 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Major National Reserve System properties
Major National Reserve System properties
Name Property type IUCN category Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone
Murray – Sunset National Park II VIC 665,530 2.04Wyperfeld National Park II VIC 360,254 1.10Ngarkat Conservation Park IA SA 239,836 0.73Danggali Wilderness Protection Area IB SA 203,700 0.62Big Desert Wilderness Park IB VIC 140,997 0.43
Sunset Wilderness Zone – Schedule 5, National Parks Act IB VIC 127,914 0.39
Pinkawillinie Conservation Park VI SA 123,766 0.38Mungo National Park II NSW 122,709 0.38Yathong Nature Reserve IA NSW 108,393 0.33Vulkathunha – Gammon Ranges National Park II SA 106,898 0.33
Taylorville Station National Reserve System Program IV SA 94,146 0.29
Flinders Ranges National Park II SA 93,839 0.29Chowilla Regional Reserve VI SA 75,523 0.23Nombinnie Nature Reserve IA NSW 71,041 0.22Hincks Wilderness Protection Area IB SA 66,913 0.20
Scotia Sanctuary National Reserve System Program IV NSW 64,695 0.20
Billiatt Wilderness Protection Area IB SA 59,255 0.18Nantawarrina Indigenous Protected Area III SA 58,348 0.18Mallee Cliffs National Park IA NSW 58,118 0.18Unnamed (No.HA1196) Heritage Agreement III SA 54,331 0.17Danggali Conservation Park IA SA 48,626 0.15
The IUCN categories are as follows:
Ia Strict Nature Reserve IUCN protected area management categories classify protected areas according to their management objectives. The categories are recognised by international bodies such as the United Nations and are utilised by many national governments, including the Australian Government, as the global standard for defining and recording protected areas.
Ib Wilderness Area
II National Park
III Natural Monument or Feature
IV Habitat/Species Management Area
V Protected Landscape/ Seascape
VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources
Please refer to the IUCN website for further explanation: http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/
For more information on Australia’s National Reserve System please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system
Source: Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database 2012.
21 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communitiesThreatened ecological communities
Name Listing status % of total distribution* % of zone**Eyre Peninsula Blue Gum (Eucalyptus petiolaris) Woodland Endangered 100 0.009
Iron-grass Natural Temperate Grassland of South Australia
Critically Endangered 98.19 0.421
Peppermint Box (Eucalyptus odorata) Grassy Woodland of South Australia
Critically Endangered 92.95 0.349
Buloke Woodlands of the Riverina and Murray-Darling Depression Bioregions Endangered 76.01 0.048
Swamps of the Fleurieu Peninsula Critically Endangered 6.79 0.0003
Natural Grasslands of the Murray Valley Plains Critically Endangered 4.31 0.031
Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Grasslands of South-eastern Australia
Endangered 1.06 0.056
Seasonal Herbaceous Wetlands (Freshwater) of the Temperate Lowland Plains
Critically Endangered 0.5 0.001
The community of native species dependent on natural discharge of groundwater from the Great Artesian Basin
Endangered 0.4 0.014
White Box-Yellow Box-Blakely’s Red Gum Grassy Woodland and Derived Native Grassland
Critically Endangered 0.3 0.021
* % of the total national distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the Threatened Ecological Community that is found within the zone.
** % of the total zone area describes the proportion of the zone that the Threatened Ecological Community is likely or known to occur in.
It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may be to find within the zone.
The threatened ecological communities above are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which is the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. For more information, please refer to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities
22 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
EPBC Act (1999) threatened species
Threatened mammals
Common name Scientific name Status % of total distribution*
% of zone**
Southern Brown Bandicoot (Nuyts Archipelago) Isoodon obesulus nauticus Vulnerable 99.84 0.0035Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby (SA and NSW) Petrogale xanthopus xanthopus Vulnerable 67.87 5.2393Wopilkara, Greater Stick-nest Rat Leporillus conditor Vulnerable 35.69 0.0144Sandhill Dunnart Sminthopsis psammophila Endangered 15.58 4.8284Dusky Hopping-mouse, Wilkiniti Notomys fuscus Vulnerable 5.03 0.0074Woylie Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi Endangered 2.21 0.0503Koala (combined populations of Queensland, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory)
Phascolarctos cinereus (combined populations of Qld, NSW and the ACT) Vulnerable 0.07 0.0885
Greater Bilby Macrotis lagotis Vulnerable 0.04 0.2242
South-eastern Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus corbeni Vulnerable May be present
May be present
Plains Rat, Palyoora Pseudomys australis Vulnerable May be present
May be present
Southern Brown Bandicoot (Eastern) Isoodon obesulus obesulus Endangered May be present
May be present
Australian Sea-lion Neophoca cinerea Vulnerable n/a n/aBlue Whale Balaenoptera musculus Endangered n/a n/aHumpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Vulnerable n/a n/aSouthern Right Whale Eubalaena australis Endangered n/a n/a
23 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone.
** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in.
The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.
Threatened birds
Common name Scientific name Status % of total distribution*
% of zone**
Southern Emu-wren (Eyre Peninsula) Stipiturus malachurus parimeda Vulnerable 99.99 1.03
Black-eared Miner Manorina melanotis Endangered 99.96 5.56
Red-lored Whistler Pachycephala rufogularis Vulnerable 98.8 8.27
Mallee Emu-wren Stipiturus mallee Endangered 98.47 4.27
Regent Parrot (eastern) Polytelis anthopeplus monarchoides Vulnerable 96.46 24.03
Western Whipbird (eastern) Psophodes nigrogularis leucogaster Vulnerable 78.58 5.16
Malleefowl Leipoa ocellata Vulnerable 27.89 77.14
Australian Fairy Tern Sternula nereis nereis Vulnerable 15.93 2.81
Thick-billed Grasswren Amytornis modestus Vulnerable 12.48 8.45
Plains-wanderer Pedionomus torquatus Vulnerable 9.91 2.16
Slender-billed Thornbill (western) Acanthiza iredalei iredalei Vulnerable 7.98 13.49
Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis Endangered 4 2.39
Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus Endangered 3.38 3.84Southern Emu-wren (Fleurieu Peninsula), Mount Lofty Southern Emu-wren
Stipiturus malachurus intermedius Endangered 1.39 0.00
Spotted Quail-thrush (Mt Lofty Ranges) Cinclosoma punctatum anachoreta
Critically Endangered 1.23 0.00
Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor Endangered 0.94 0.52
Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo (south-eastern) Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne Endangered 0.37 0.02
Orange-bellied Parrot Neophema chrysogasterCritically Endangered 0.29 0.06
Superb Parrot Polytelis swainsonii Vulnerable 0.07 0.03
Regent Honeyeater Anthochaera phrygia Endangered May be present
May be present
Southern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora epomophora Vulnerable 0.01 0.12
Northern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora sanfordi Endangered 0.01 0.12
Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross Thalassarche cauta cauta Vulnerable 0.01 0.12
White-capped Albatross Thalassarche cauta steadi Vulnerable 0.01 0.12
Tristan Albatross Diomedea exulans exulans Endangered n/a n/a
Soft-plumaged Petrel Pterodroma mollis Vulnerable n/a n/a
Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans (sensu lato) Vulnerable n/a n/a
Blue Petrel Halobaena caerulea Vulnerable n/a n/a
Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus Endangered n/a n/a
Campbell Albatross Thalassarche melanophris impavida Vulnerable n/a n/a
Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli Vulnerable n/a n/a
Antipodean Albatross Diomedea exulans antipodensis Vulnerable n/a n/a
Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris Vulnerable n/a n/a
24 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Threatened reptiles
Common Name Scientific name Status % of total distribution*
% of zone**
Krefft’s Tiger Snake (Flinders Ranges) Notechis scutatus ater Vulnerable 100 0.21Pygmy Blue-tongue Lizard, Adelaide Blue-tongue Lizard Tiliqua adelaidensis Endangered 98.71 0.79
Flinders Ranges Worm-lizard Aprasia pseudopulchella Vulnerable 96.72 5.48
Striped Legless Lizard Delma impar Vulnerable 0.62 0.12Pink-tailed Worm-lizard, Pink-tailed Legless Lizard Aprasia parapulchella Vulnerable 0.03 0.004
Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Vulnerable 0.01 0.16
Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta Endangered 0.01 0.16
Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea Endangered 0.01 0.16
25 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Other threatened fauna
Common name Scientific name Status % of total distribution*
% of zone**
Flinders Ranges Mogurnda, Flinders Ranges Purple-spotted Gudgeon Mogurnda clivicola Vulnerable 100 0.06
Murray Hardyhead Craterocephalus fluviatilis Endangered 64 2.31Growling Grass Frog, Southern Bell Frog, Green and Golden Frog, Warty Swamp Frog
Litoria raniformis Vulnerable 8.58 5.72
Golden Sun Moth Synemon plana Critically Endangered 5.41 0.02
Macquarie Perch Macquaria australasica Endangered May be present
May be present
Murray Cod Maccullochella peelii Vulnerable May be present
May be present
Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias Vulnerable n/a n/aSchool Shark, Eastern School Shark, Snapper Shark, Tope, Soupfin Shark Galeorhinus galeus Conservation
Dependent n/a n/a
Southern Bluefin Tuna Thunnus maccoyii Conservation Dependent n/a n/a
26 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Threatened flora
Common Name Scientific name Status % of total distribution*
% of zone**
Halbury Greenhood Pterostylis sp. Halbury (R.Bates 8425) Endangered 100 0.38
Prickly Raspwort Haloragis eyreana Endangered 100 0.07
Spiny Everlasting, Spiny Daisy Acanthocladium dockeri Critically Endangered 100 0.08
Spalding Blown Grass, Spalding Blowngrass Lachnagrostis limitanea Endangered 100 0.04
Spiller’s Wattle Acacia spilleriana Endangered 100 0.10
Goldsack’s Leek-orchid Prasophyllum goldsackii Endangered 100 0.03
Tufted Bush-pea Pultenaea trichophylla Endangered 100 0.35
Ghost Spider-orchid Caladenia intuta Critically Endangered 100 0.01
Chalky Wattle Acacia cretacea Endangered 100 0.01
Silver Candles Pleuropappus phyllocalymmeus Vulnerable 99.95 0.16
Annual Stackhousia, Annual Candles Stackhousia annua Vulnerable 99.94 0.35
Woolcock’s Spider-orchid Caladenia woolcockiorum Vulnerable 99.93 0.09West Coast Mintbush, Limestone Mintbush, Red Mintbush Prostanthera calycina Vulnerable 99.91 0.98
White Rabbits, Flinders Ranges White Caladenia Caladenia xantholeuca Endangered 99.87 0.08
Winter Spider-orchid Caladenia brumalis Vulnerable 99.86 0.94
Spidery Wattle, Balcanoona Wattle Acacia araneosa Vulnerable 99.18 0.15
Fat-leaved Wattle Acacia pinguifolia Endangered 97.31 0.74
Sturdy Leek-orchid Prasophyllum validum Vulnerable 95.9 0.14
Peep Hill Hop-bush Dodonaea subglandulifera Endangered 95.81 0.57
Lowan Phebalium Phebalium lowanense Vulnerable 95.8 1.43
Nodding Rufoushood Pterostylis sp. Eyre Peninsula (R.Bates 19474) Vulnerable 94.35 0.31
Superb Groundsel Senecio megaglossus Vulnerable 92.73 0.73
Neat Wattle, Resin Wattle (SA) Acacia rhetinocarpa Vulnerable 87.08 1.14
Jumping-jack Wattle Acacia enterocarpa Endangered 86.99 2.27
Hale Dwarf Greenhood Pterostylis sp. Hale (R.Bates 21725) Endangered 85.83 0.27
Menzel’s Wattle Acacia menzelii Vulnerable 85.31 2.51
Whibley Wattle Acacia whibleyana Endangered 80.22 0.03
Yellow Swainson-pea Swainsona pyrophila Vulnerable 80.18 23.08Bayonet Spider-orchid, Clubbed Spider-orchid Caladenia gladiolata Endangered 79.32 0.32
None Frankenia plicata Endangered 76.54 5.07
Slender Bell-fruit, Camel Poison Codonocarpus pyramidalis Vulnerable 76.2 12.75
None Atriplex infrequens Vulnerable 74.91 0.02
27 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Threatened flora
Common Name Scientific name Status % of total distribution*
% of zone**
Hairy-pod Wattle Acacia glandulicarpa Vulnerable 69.59 1.64
Silver Daisy-bush Olearia pannosa subsp. pannosa Vulnerable 67.36 3.05
Greencomb Spider-orchid, Rigid Spider-orchid Caladenia tensa Endangered 66.12 21.49
Menindee Nightshade Solanum karsense Vulnerable 65.69 6.51
Pale Leek-orchid Prasophyllum pallidum Vulnerable 64.9 2.32
Moore’s Burr-daisy Calotis moorei Endangered 60.07 0.02
Bead Glasswort Tecticornia flabelliformis Vulnerable 54.95 0.17
Wimmera Spider-orchid Caladenia lowanensis Endangered 52.48 0.02
Coast Spider-orchid Caladenia conferta Endangered 50.63 0.01
* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone.
** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in. The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.
The above species are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation.
Please note that the list of threatened flora species is not comprehensive. The flora listed here have a significant proportion of their total national distribution within the zone. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species or the Species Profiles and Threats Database http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl
28 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
EPBC Act (1999) migratory species
Migratory birds
Common name Scientific nameAntipodean Albatross Diomedea antipodensisBar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponicaBlack-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophrisBlack-tailed Godwit Limosa limosaBroad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellusCampbell Albatross Thalassarche impavidaCaspian Tern Sterna caspiaCattle Egret Ardea ibisCommon Greenshank, Greenshank Tringa nebularia
Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucosCurlew Sandpiper Calidris ferrugineaDouble-banded Plover Charadrius bicinctusEastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensisFlesh-footed Shearwater, Fleshy-footed Shearwater Puffinus carneipes
Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificusGreat Egret, White Egret Ardea alba
Great Knot Calidris tenuirostrisGreater Sand Plover, Large Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii
Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarolaGrey-tailed Tattler Heteroscelus brevipesLatham’s Snipe, Japanese Snipe Gallinago hardwickii
Lesser Sand Plover, Mongolian Plover Charadrius mongolus
Little Curlew, Little Whimbrel Numenius minutus
Little Tern Sterna albifronsMalleefowl Leipoa ocellataMarsh Sandpiper, Little Greenshank Tringa stagnatilis
Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halliNorthern Royal Albatross Diomedea sanfordi
Migratory birds
Common name Scientific nameOriental Plover, Oriental Dotterel Charadrius veredus
Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva
Painted Snipe Rostratula benghalensis (sensu lato)
Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatusRed Knot, Knot Calidris canutusRed-necked Stint Calidris ruficollisRed-tailed Black-Cockatoo (south-eastern)
Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne
Regent Honeyeater Xanthomyza phrygiaRuddy Turnstone Arenaria interpresRufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifronsSanderling Calidris albaSatin Flycatcher Myiagra cyanoleucaSharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminataShort-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostrisShy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross
Thalassarche cauta (sensu stricto)
Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteusSouthern Royal Albatross
Diomedea epomophora (sensu stricto)
Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereusTristan Albatross Diomedea dabbenena
Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans (sensu lato)
Wedge-tailed Shearwater Puffinus pacificus
Whimbrel Numenius phaeopusWhite-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster
White-capped Albatross Thalassarche steadi
White-throated Needletail Hirundapus caudacutus
Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola
Other migratory species
Common name Scientific name
Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae
Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis
Green Turtle Chelonia mydas
Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta
Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea
Bryde’s Whale Balaenoptera edeni
Pygmy Right Whale Caperea marginata
Dusky Dolphin Lagenorhynchus obscurus
Killer Whale, Orca Orcinus orca
Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark Lamna nasus
Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus
Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias
For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/migratory-species
29 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
EPBC Act (1999) migratory species
Migratory birds
Common name Scientific nameAntipodean Albatross Diomedea antipodensisBar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponicaBlack-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophrisBlack-tailed Godwit Limosa limosaBroad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellusCampbell Albatross Thalassarche impavidaCaspian Tern Sterna caspiaCattle Egret Ardea ibisCommon Greenshank, Greenshank Tringa nebularia
Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucosCurlew Sandpiper Calidris ferrugineaDouble-banded Plover Charadrius bicinctusEastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensisFlesh-footed Shearwater, Fleshy-footed Shearwater Puffinus carneipes
Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificusGreat Egret, White Egret Ardea alba
Great Knot Calidris tenuirostrisGreater Sand Plover, Large Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii
Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarolaGrey-tailed Tattler Heteroscelus brevipesLatham’s Snipe, Japanese Snipe Gallinago hardwickii
Lesser Sand Plover, Mongolian Plover Charadrius mongolus
Little Curlew, Little Whimbrel Numenius minutus
Little Tern Sterna albifronsMalleefowl Leipoa ocellataMarsh Sandpiper, Little Greenshank Tringa stagnatilis
Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halliNorthern Royal Albatross Diomedea sanfordi
Migratory birds
Common name Scientific nameOriental Plover, Oriental Dotterel Charadrius veredus
Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva
Painted Snipe Rostratula benghalensis (sensu lato)
Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatusRed Knot, Knot Calidris canutusRed-necked Stint Calidris ruficollisRed-tailed Black-Cockatoo (south-eastern)
Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne
Regent Honeyeater Xanthomyza phrygiaRuddy Turnstone Arenaria interpresRufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifronsSanderling Calidris albaSatin Flycatcher Myiagra cyanoleucaSharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminataShort-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostrisShy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross
Thalassarche cauta (sensu stricto)
Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteusSouthern Royal Albatross
Diomedea epomophora (sensu stricto)
Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereusTristan Albatross Diomedea dabbenena
Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans (sensu lato)
Wedge-tailed Shearwater Puffinus pacificus
Whimbrel Numenius phaeopusWhite-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster
White-capped Albatross Thalassarche steadi
White-throated Needletail Hirundapus caudacutus
Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola
Other migratory species
Common name Scientific name
Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae
Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis
Green Turtle Chelonia mydas
Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta
Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea
Bryde’s Whale Balaenoptera edeni
Pygmy Right Whale Caperea marginata
Dusky Dolphin Lagenorhynchus obscurus
Killer Whale, Orca Orcinus orca
Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark Lamna nasus
Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus
Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias
For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/migratory-species
30 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Threatened endemic species
Threatened endemic species
Taxonomic group Scientific name Reservation status EPBC Act status IUCN statusMammals Lagorchestes leporides Recorded in reserves Extinct Extinct
Molluscs Glyptorhagada euglypta Not recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable
Molluscs Glyptorhagada janaslini Recorded in reserves n/a Near Threatened
Molluscs Glyptorhagada silveri Not recorded in reserves n/a Endangered
Molluscs Glyptorhagada tattawuppana Not recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable
Molluscs Lacustrelix yerelinana Recorded in reserves n/a Near ThreatenedMolluscs Pleuroxia italowiana Recorded in reserves n/a Near ThreatenedPlants Caladenia macroclavia Recorded in reserves Endangered n/aPlants Caladenia woolcockiorum Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/aPlants Caladenia xantholeuca Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a
Plants Pterostylis lepida Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a
Plants Pterostylis mirabilis Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a
Plants Acanthocladium dockeri Not recorded in reserves
Critically Endangered n/a
Plants Pleuropappus phyllocalymmeus Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/aPlants Senecio megaglossus Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/aPlants Acacia araneosa Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/aPlants Acacia praemorsa Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/aPlants Acacia spilleriana Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a
Plants Acacia whibleyana Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a
Plants Swainsona pyrophila Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a
Plants Lachnagrostis limitanea Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a
Plants Haloragis eyreana Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a
Reptiles Tiliqua adelaidensis Recorded in reserves Endangered Endangered
31 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
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32 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Invasive species
Invasive mammals
Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone**
Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat Felis catus 4.25 99.94
Red Fox, Fox Vulpes vulpes 5.29 99.92
Rabbit, European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 5.91 99.08
Goat Capra hircus 12.77 83.85
House Mouse Mus musculus 7.5 81.67
Brown Hare Lepus capensis 12.94 39.40
Pig Sus scrofa 3.36 36.21
Domestic Cattle Bos taurus 4.5 23.48
Black Rat, Ship Rat Rattus rattus 6.57 22.39
Domestic Dog Canis lupus familiaris 2.87 21.94
Donkey, Ass Equus asinus 0.68 2.52
Feral deer species in Australia n/a 1.85 2.18
Dromedary, Camel Camelus dromedarius 0.14 1.42
Brown Rat, Norway Rat Rattus norvegicus 2.41 1.40
Other invasive fauna
Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone**
Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris 14.8 97.86
House Sparrow Passer domesticus 10.76 97.45
Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon Columba livia 10.47 81.72
Common Blackbird, Eurasian Blackbird Turdus merula 24.14 67.71
European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis 20.11 55.22
Skylark Alauda arvensis 23.09 45.65
Spotted Turtle-Dove Streptopelia chinensis 10.96 27.98
Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 11.48 24.89
Common Myna, Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis 2.13 3.37
Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus 1.47 1.25
Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus 2.86 0.70
European Greenfinch Carduelis chloris 0.57 0.34
Ostrich Struthio camelus 27.94 0.22
* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.
** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.
33 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Invasive flora
Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone** Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper, Smilax, Florist’s Smilax, Smilax Asparagus Asparagus asparagoides 20.18 50.74
African Boxthorn, Boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum 23.25 37.48
Boneseed Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera 30.11 29.34
Athel Pine, Athel Tree, Tamarisk, Athel Tamarisk, Athel Tamarix, Desert Tamarisk, Flowering Cypress, Salt Cedar
Tamarix aphylla 9.96 21.54
Blackberry, European Blackberry Rubus fruticosus aggregate 7.88 20.11Silver Nightshade, Silver-leaved Nightshade, White Horse Nettle, Silver-leaf Nightshade, Tomato Weed, White Nightshade, Bull-nettle, Prairie-berry, Satansbos, Silver-leaf Bitter-apple, Silverleaf-nettle, Trompillo
Solanum elaeagnifolium 40.01 18.31
Willows except Weeping Willow, Pussy Willow and Sterile Pussy Willow
Salix spp. except S.babylonica, S.x calodendron & S.x reichardtii
8.54 17.24
Ward’s Weed Carrichtera annua 11.75 15.22
Prickly Pears Opuntia spp. 12.51 14.55
Gorse, Furze Ulex europaeus 7.98 9.73
Mesquite, Algaroba Prosopis spp. 3.02 5.48
Prickly Pears Cylindropuntia spp. 20.26 3.90
Olive, Common Olive Olea europaea 77.47 3.16
Broom Genista sp. X Genista monspessulana 77.47 3.16
Prickly Pears Austrocylindropuntia spp. 50.76 1.92Parkinsonia, Jerusalem Thorn, Jelly Bean Tree, Horse Bean Parkinsonia aculeata 0.32 1.56
Montpellier Broom, Cape Broom, Canary Broom, Common Broom, French Broom, Soft Broom
Genista monspessulana 2.32 1.06
Broom, English Broom, Scotch Broom, Common Broom, Scottish Broom, Spanish Broom
Cytisus scoparius 1.19 0.87
Bridal Veil, Bridal Veil Creeper, Pale Berry Asparagus Fern, Asparagus Fern, South African Creeper
Asparagus declinatus 43.14 0.76
Chilean Needle grass Nassella neesiana 0.68 0.55Flax-leaved Broom, Mediterranean Broom, Flax Broom Genista linifolia 4.31 0.54
Climbing Asparagus-fern Asparagus plumosus 3.55 0.35
Climbing Asparagus-fern, Ferny Asparagus Protasparagus plumosus 3.55 0.35
Bitou Bush Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata 1.51 0.31
34 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Invasive flora
Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone**
Water Hyacinth, Water Orchid, Nile Lily Eichhornia crassipes 1.07 0.31Fireweed, Madagascar Ragwort, Madagascar Groundsel Senecio madagascariensis 0.4 0.18
Madeira Vine, Jalap, Lamb’s-tail, Mignonette Vine, Anredera, Gulf Madeiravine, Heartleaf Madeiravine, Potato Vine
Anredera cordifolia 0.42 0.12
Buffel-grass, Black Buffel-grass Cenchrus ciliaris 0.31 3.29Cabomba, Fanwort, Carolina Watershield, Fish Grass, Washington Grass, Watershield, Carolina Fanwort, Common Cabomba
Cabomba caroliniana 2.09 0.66
Lantana, Common Lantana, Kamara Lantana, Large-leaf Lantana, Pink Flowered Lantana, Red Flowered Lantana, Red-Flowered Sage, White Sage, Wild Sage
Lantana camara 0.15 0.22
Serrated Tussock, Yass River Tussock, Yass Tussock, Nassella Tussock (NZ) Nassella trichotoma 0.11 0.10
Delta Arrowhead, Arrowhead, Slender Arrowhead Sagittaria platyphylla 0.16 0.04
Asparagus Fern, Climbing Asparagus Fern Asparagus scandens 0.03 0.00Asparagus Fern, Ground Asparagus, Basket Fern, Sprengi’s Fern, Bushy Asparagus, Emerald Asparagus
Asparagus aethiopicus 0.02 0.00
* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.
** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.
It should be noted that the identification of any given invasive species above does not imply that the species is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. The % of the zone area (**) indicates how common or rare the species may be within the zone.
For more information on invasive species please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species
35 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Vegetation profiles and management recommendationsVegetation extent information and species lists contained in the vegetation profiles are based on analysis from the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS), including analysis of Major Vegetation Subgroups and NVIS Level V descriptions. Please see http://www.environment.gov.au/node/18930 for more information.
The management recommendations have been drawn from EPBC Act Recovery Plans, EPBC Act Ecological Communities Listing Advice and other sources. The recommendations are indicative only. Systematic reviews of management literature, consultation processes and improved Natural Resource Management program monitoring and evaluation will support development of a comprehensive set of management recommendations over time.
36 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Mallee with a tussock grass understorey vegetation profile
Protection Sustainable Agricultural Practice
Rehabilitation Fire Management
Wildlife Management
Weed Management
Feral Animal Management
Disease Management
Protect against dryland salinity by maintaining and replanting native vegetation.
Close or fence artificial sources of water in conservation reserves as these may attract feral species and trampling.
Protect, and where appropriate, fence important wildlife habitat including for Malleefowl.
Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land
Exclude stock from remnants to enable recruitment and regeneration of over and under-storey species.
Create windbreaks with mallee species to reduce the impacts of soil erosion.
Reduce tillage in zones around remnants.
Avoid creating new access tracks and roads through remnants.
Undertake restoration where there are few mature overstorey species or lack of suitable sites for seed germination.
Choose mallee species that occur in remnants on similar soils and slope aspect. Replicate the relative abundance of species.
Manage wildlife corridors between remnant patches.
Create buffer zones around remnants by revegetating previously cleared lands with mallee and ground storey species.
Reduce the occurrence of large fires, and use mosaic burning techniques.
Ensure mosaic burns are targeted at different age classes of vegetation, to ensure age diversity between and within remnant patches.
Discourage broad-scale burning for agricultural purposes in areas that harbour Malleefowl.
Avoid clearing roadsides for firebreaks.
Manage native grazing animals.
Minimise the amount of grain spilt during transport through Malleefowl habitat.
Erect signs where needed to warn drivers that Malleefowl may be on the road.
Actively manage weeds when undertaking restoration activities to ensure weeds do not compete for soil moisture with vulnerable native replantings.
A 1-metre radius weed free buffer should be maintained around native woody plants. Use spot control to maintain this.
Apply herbicides to actively growing weeds and avoid spray drift.
Do not leave areas of bare ground to avoid wind and water erosion of soils. Retain some weed cover and stagger removal and replacement with native grasses.
Manage exotic herbivore species including goats, sheep, rabbits especially near habitat for wildlife such as Malleefowl.
Control foxes and rabbits simultaneously to avoid foxes switching to predation on native species, or increases in rabbit populations.
Shooting is a suitable control for goats, wallabies, goats, deer, hares and foxes. Baiting is appropriate for rabbits, hares and foxes.
Monitor for Red-legged earth mites. Populations should be managed with a soil active insecticide.
1.43%Remaining
Change in extent
Pres
ent d
ay
Pre-
1750
16.8%
0.2%
Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus socialis; Eucalyptus dumosa; Eucalyptus odorata; Eucalyptus porosa; Eucalyptus leptophylla; Allocasuarina verticillata; Eucalyptus behriana; Enchylaena tomentosa; Melaleuca lanceolata; Rhagodia spinescens; Austrodanthonia caespitosa; Austrostipa eremophila; Austrodanthonia setacea; Austrostipa scabra; Hordeum leporinum; tussock grass; forb; samphire shrub.
Management recommendations
37 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Saltbush and/or Bluebush shrublands vegetation profile
95.5%Remaining
Change in extent
Pres
ent d
ay
Pre-
1750
10.4%9.9%
Commonly found species within this communityAtriplex vesicaria; Atriplex paludosa; Nitraria billardierei; Maireana sedifolia; Maireana pyramidata; Maireana astrotricha; Maireana oppositifolia; Rhagodia spinescens; Frankenia sessilis; shrub; tussock grass; forb.
Protection Sustainable Agricultural Practice
Rehabilitation Fire Management
Wildlife Management
Weed Management
Feral Animal Management
Disease Management
Establish pest-proof fencing around key refugia.
Promote wise water use to avoid changes to water flow/water table levels that could impact on aquifers and overland flow.
Avoid continuous or heavy grazing to allow saltbush to regenerate and seed.
Experiment with different saltbush species for livestock forage, and implement strategic grazing regimes to maximise both production yields and biodiversity benefits.
Refer to http://www.malleecma.vic.gov.au/resources/fact-sheets/enrich-fs.pdf to explore the benefits of different grazing regimes and saltbush species.
Undertake intensive management of identified key refugia and wildlife habitats.
Maintain dingo populations to control exotic pests.
Re-introduce engineer species (e.g. bilbies and bettongs) where feral animal controls are in place and effective.
Manage native grazing pressure (e.g. from kangaroos).
Actively manage weeds when undertaking restoration activities to ensure weeds do not compete for soil moisture with vulnerable native replantings.
Apply herbicides to actively growing weeds and avoid spray drift.
Do not leave areas of bare ground to avoid wind and water erosion of soils. Retain some weed cover and stagger removal and replacement with native grasses.
Target rabbits, foxes and cats in key refugia and habitats.
Manage foxes and rabbits simultaneously to prevent foxes switching to predation on native species, or increases in rabbit populations.
Management recommendations
38 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Mallee with a dense shrubby understorey vegetation profile
96.79%Remaining
Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus diversifolia; Eucalyptus porosa; Eucalyptus costata subsp. Murrayana; Eucalyptus brachycalyx; Eucalyptus socialis; Eucalyptus gracilis; Eucalyptus oleosa; Eucalyptus incrassata; Eucalyptus leptophylla; Eucalyptus dumosa; Melaleuca uncinata; Melaleuca lanceolata; Melaleuca acuminata; Sclerolaena diacantha; Enchylaena tomentosa; Rhagodia parabolica; shrub; tussock grass; forb.
Change in extent
Pres
ent d
ay
Pre-
1750
10%9.7%
Protection Sustainable Agricultural Practice
Rehabilitation Fire Management
Wildlife Management
Weed Management
Feral Animal Management
Disease Management
Protect against dryland salinity by maintaining and replanting native vegetation.
Close or fence artificial sources of water in conservation reserves.
Protect, and where appropriate fence important wildlife habitat including for Malleefowl.
Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants.
Exclude stock from remnants to enable recruitment and regeneration of over and under-storey species.
Create windbreaks with mallee species to reduce the impacts of soil erosion.
Reduce tillage in zones around remnants.
Avoid creating new access tracks and roads through remnants.
Undertake restoration where there are few mature overstorey species or lack of suitable sites for seed germination.
Choose mallee species that occur in remnants on similar soils and slope aspect. Replicate the relative abundance of species.
Manage wildlife corridors between remnant patches.
Create buffer zones around remnants by revegetating previously cleared lands with mallee and ground storey species.
Reduce the occurrence of large fires, and use mosaic burning techniques.
Ensure mosaic burns are targeted at different age classes of vegetation, to ensure age diversity between and within remnant patches.
Avoid clearing roadsides for firebreaks.
Discourage broad-scale burning for agricultural purposes in lands near Malleefowl habitat.
Manage native grazing animals.
Minimise the amount of grain spilt during transport through Malleefowl habitat, as foraging close to roadsides leaves them susceptible to collisions with vehicles.
Erect signs where needed to warn drivers that Malleefowl may be on the road.
Actively manage weeds when undertaking restoration activities to ensure weeds do not compete for soil moisture with vulnerable native replantings. A 1-metre radius weed free buffer should be maintained around native woody plants. Use spot control to maintain this. Apply herbicides to actively growing weeds and avoid spray drift. Do not leave areas of bare ground to avoid wind and water erosion of soils. Retain some weed cover and stagger removal and replacement with native grasses.
Manage exotic herbivore species including goats, sheep, rabbits especially near habitat for wildlife such as Malleefowl.
Control foxes and rabbits simultaneously to avoid foxes switching to predation on native species, or increases in rabbit populations.
Shooting is a suitable control for goats, wallabies, goats, deer, hares and foxes. Baiting is appropriate for rabbits, hares and foxes.
Monitor for Red-legged earth mites. Populations should be managed with a soil active insecticide.
Management recommendations
39 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Mallee with hummock grass vegetation profile
79.8%Remaining
Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus socialis; Eucalyptus dumosa; Eucalyptus porosa; Callitris glaucophylla; Eucalyptus gracilis; Myoporum platycarpum; Eucalyptus leptophylla; Acacia wilhelmiana; Callitris verrucosa; Leptospermum coriaceum; Acacia ligulata; Triodia scariosa; Rhagodia spinescens; Senna artemisioides ssp. Coriacea; Dodonaea viscosa ssp. angustissima; Halgania cyanea; Brachyloma ericoides; Beyeria opaca; Westringia rigida; Grevillea huegelii; hummock grass; shrub.
Change in extent
Pres
ent d
ay
Pre-
1750
9.3%
7.5%
Protection Sustainable Agricultural Practice
Rehabilitation Fire Management
Wildlife Management
Weed Management
Feral Animal Management
Disease Management
Protect against dryland salinity by maintaining and replanting native vegetation.
Close or fence artificial sources of water in conservation reserves as these may attract feral species and trampling.
Protect, and where appropriate, fence important wildlife habitat including for Malleefowl.
Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land.
Exclude stock from remnants to enable recruitment and regeneration of over and under-storey species.
Create windbreaks with mallee species to reduce the impacts of soil erosion.
Reduce tillage in zones around remnants.
Avoid creating new access tracks and roads through remnants.
Undertake restoration where there are few mature overstorey species or lack of suitable sites for seed germination.
Choose mallee species that occur in remnants on similar soils and slope aspect. Replicate the relative abundance of species.
Manage wildlife corridors between remnant patches.
Create buffer zones around remnants by revegetating previously cleared lands with mallee and ground storey species.
Reduce the occurrence of large fires, and use mosaic burning techniques.
Ensure mosaic burns are targeted at different age classes of vegetation, to ensure age diversity between and within remnant patches.
Discourage broad-scale burning for agricultural purposes in areas that harbour Malleefowl.
Avoid clearing roadsides for firebreaks.
Discourage broad-scale burning for agricultural purposes in areas that harbour Malleefowl.
Manage native grazing animals.
Minimise the amount of grain spilt during transport through areas that harbour Malleefowl.
Erect signs where needed to warn drivers that Malleefowl may be on the road.
Actively manage weeds when undertaking restoration activities to ensure weeds do not compete for soil moisture with vulnerable native replantings.
Apply herbicides to actively growing weeds and avoid spray drift.
Avoid wind and water erosion of soils. Retain some weed cover and stagger removal and replacement with native grasses.
Manage exotic herbivore species including goats, sheep, rabbits especially near habitat for wildlife such as Malleefowl.
Control foxes and rabbits simultaneously to avoid foxes switching to predation on native species, or increases in rabbit populations.
Shooting is a suitable control for goats, wallabies, goats, deer, hares and foxes. Baiting is appropriate for rabbits, hares and foxes.
Monitor for Red-legged earth mites. Populations should be managed with a soil active insecticide.
Management recommendations
40 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Casuarina and Allocasuarina open woodlands with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile
98.16%Remaining
Commonly found species within this communityCasuarina pauper; Alectryon oleifolius ssp. Canescens; Callitris gracilis; Olearia decurrens; Senna artemisioides ssp. Coriacea; Senna artemisioides ssp. Petiolaris; Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia; Alyxia buxifolia; Geijera linearifolia; Maireana sedifolia; Enchylaena tomentosa; Enchylaena tomentosa var.,Maireana georgei/turbinata; shrub.
Change in extent
Pres
ent d
ay
Pre-
1750
6.8% 6.7%
Protection Sustainable Agricultural Practice
Rehabilitation Fire Management
Wildlife Management
Weed Management
Feral Animal Management
Disease Management
Purchase threatened ecological communities, such as Buloke woodlands into reservation.
Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land.
Encourage wise water use and avoid changes to water table levels.
Retain standing dead trees and fallen timber.
Manage grazing pressure in remnants with an intact, native ground layer.
Exclude stock from remnants or areas with scattered trees for a few years to allow regeneration, then protect the young trees if stock need to be re-introduced.
Establish buffers of indigenous shrubs around all small reserves, to reduce fertilizer drift and accretion of aeolian soils in overlying loam.
Avoid fertiliser and herbicide application.
In-plant woody species where regeneration does not naturally occur.
Replicate the species composition and density of good quality remnants (an open canopy of trees; open tall shrubs or small trees; and a number of lower strata, including a dense grassy layer).
As far as possible, restore natural infrequent environmental flows along the Wimmera River and River Murray. These floodwaters provide infrequent, but essential inundation and soil moisture levels to enable seed germination.
Fires of very low intensity may have been important in maintaining the open nature and the grassiness of Buloke Woodlands.
It is suspected that lack of fire, in association with removal of grazing, has led to increased woody species in the lower strata of otherwise good quality remnants.
Canopy tree regeneration is unlikely after severe wildfire. In the event of wildfire, revegetation of overstorey species may be necessary.
Manage populations of kangaroos.
Manage Avena species, Brachypodium distachyon, Bromus species, Lolium species, Medicago species, Poa bulbosa and Trifolium species.
Manage exotic herbivore species including goats, sheep, rabbits especially near habitat for wildlife such as Malleefowl.
Control foxes and rabbits simultaneously to avoid foxes switching to predation on native species, or increases in rabbit populations.
Protect rehabilitation sites from incursions of feral species through fencing.
Management recommendations
41 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Mallee with an open shrubby understorey vegetation profile
57.63%Remaining
Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus diversifolia; Eucalyptus dumosa; Eucalyptus socialis; Eucalyptus oleosa; Eucalyptus gracilis; Rhagodia parabolica; Melaleuca uncinata; Melaleuca lanceolata; Melaleuca acuminata; Pittosporum angustifolium; Nitraria billardierei; Maireana pyramidata; Santalum acuminatum; Exocarpos aphyllus; Eremophila glabra; Triodia irritans; Maireana pentatropis; Stenopetalum lineare; samphire shrub; forb; other grass; hummock grass.
Change in extent
Pres
ent d
ay
Pre-
1750
6.5%
3.8%
Protection Sustainable Agricultural Practice
Rehabilitation Fire Management
Wildlife Management
Weed Management
Feral Animal Management
Disease Management
Protect against dryland salinity by maintaining and replanting native vegetation.
Close or fence artificial sources of water in conservation reserves as these may attract feral species and trampling.
Protect, and where appropriate, fence important wildlife habitat including for Malleefowl.
Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land.
Exclude stock from remnants to enable regeneration of over and under-storey species.
Create windbreaks with mallee species to reduce the impacts of soil erosion.
Reduce tillage in zones around remnants.
Avoid creating new access tracks and roads through remnants.
Undertake restoration where there are few mature overstorey species or lack of suitable sites for seed germination.
Choose mallee species that occur in remnants on similar soils and slope aspect. Replicate the relative abundance of species.
Manage wildlife corridors between remnant patches.
Create buffer zones around remnants by revegetating previously cleared lands with mallee and ground storey species.
Reduce the occurrence of large fires, and use mosaic burning techniques.
Ensure mosaic burns are targeted at different age classes of vegetation, to ensure age diversity between and within remnant patches.
Discourage broad-scale burning for agricultural purposes in areas that harbour Malleefowl.
Avoid clearing roadsides for firebreaks.
Manage native grazing animals.
Minimise the amount of grain spilt during transport through Malleefowl habitat.
Erect signs where needed to warn drivers that Malleefowl may be on the road.
Actively manage weeds when undertaking restoration activities to ensure weeds do not compete for soil moisture with vulnerable native replantings.
Apply herbicides to actively growing weeds and avoid spray drift.
Avoid wind and water erosion of soils. Retain some weed cover and stagger removal and replacement with native grasses.
Manage exotic herbivore species including goats, sheep, rabbits.
Protect rehabilitation sites from incursions of feral species through fencing.
Ensure rabbit control is followed by fox control to avoid foxes switching to predation on native species, or increases in rabbit populations.
Management recommendations
ALC
100.
0915