Conquest of Khurasan

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

1/30

Conquest of Khorasan

Further information: Islamic conquest of Turkestan, Islamic conquest of Afghanistan

and History of Arabs in Afghanistan

Khorasanwas the second largest province of the Sassanid Empire. It stretched from what is nownortheastern Iran, northwestern Afghanistanand southernTurkmenistan. Its capital wasBalkh, in

northern Afghanistan. In 6! the mission of con"uering Khurasan was assigned to Ahnaf i#n

$ais.%&'(Ahnaf marched fromKufaand took a short and less fre"uented route via)e*and

+ishapur. )e* was alread* in uslim hands and +ishapur surrendered without resistance. -rom

+ishapur Ahnaf marched to eratwhich is in western Afghanistan. erat was a fortified town,

the Siege of eratlasted for a few months #efore surrendering. /ith the surrender of erat, the

whole of southern Khurasan came under uslim control. /ith erat under his firm control,

Ahnaf marched north directl* toerv, in presentTurkmenistan.%'(erv was the capital of

Khurasan and here 0a1degred III held his court. 2n hearing of the uslim advance, 0a1degred

III left for Balkh. +o resistance was offered at erv, and the uslims occupied the capital ofKhurasan without firing a shot. Ahnaf sta*ed at erv and waited for reinforcement from Kufa.

eanwhile 0a1dgird had also gathered considera#le power at Balkh and also sought alliance

with the Khan of -arghana, who personall* led the Turkish contingent to help 0a1degred III.

3mar ordered that 0a1dgird4s allied forces should #e weaken #* #reaking up the alliance with the

Turks. Ahnaf successfull* #roke up the alliance and the Khan of -arghana pulled #ack his forces

reali1ing that fighting with the uslims was not a good idea and that it might endanger his own

kingdom. 0a1dgird4s arm* was defeated at the Battle of 25us )iverand retreated across the 25us

to Transo5iana.0a1degred III had a narrow escape and fled tohina. Balkh was occupied #* the

uslims, and with this occupation the 7ersian war was over. The uslims had now reached the

outermost frontiers of 7ersia. Be*ond that la* the lands of theTurksand still further la* hina.

The old might* empire of the Sassanids had ceased to e5ist. Ahnaf returned to arv and sent a

detail report of operations to 3mar, a historic letter 3mar was an5iousl* waiting for, su#8ect of

which was the downfall of the 7ersian Empire, and with which permission was sought to cross

the 25us river and invade Transo5iana. 3mar ordered Ahnaf to desist and instead to consolidate

his power south of 25us.

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

2/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

3/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

4/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

5/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

6/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

7/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

8/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

9/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

10/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

11/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

12/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

13/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

14/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

15/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

16/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

17/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

18/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

19/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

20/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

21/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

22/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

23/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

24/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

25/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

26/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

27/30

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

28/30

Waste sortingis the process #* which waste is separated into different elements. %!(/aste sorting

can occur manuall* at the household and collected throughcur#side collectionschemes, orautomaticall* separated in materials recover* facilitiesor mechanical #iological treatment

s*stems. and sorting was the first method used in the histor* of waste sorting. %9(

/aste can also #e sorted in a civic amenit* site.

Waste segregationmeans dividing waste into dr* and wet. Dry wasteincludes wood and related

products, metals and glass. Wet waste, t*picall* refers to organic waste usuall* generated #*

eating esta#lishments and are heav* in weight due to dampness. /aste can also #e segregated on

#asis of #iodegrada#le or non:#iodegrada#le waste.

;andfills are an increasingl* pressing pro#lem.%citation needed(;ess and less land is availa#le to deposit

refuse, #ut the volume of waste is growing all time. As a result, segregating waste is not 8ust of

environmental importance, #ut of economic concern, too.

Contents

[hide]

7/21/2019 Conquest of Khurasan

29/30

!ethods

" #y country

$ %ee also

& 'eferences

( )*ternal links

!ethods[edit]

/aste is collected at its source in each area and separated. The wa* that waste is sorted must

reflect local disposal s*stems. The following categories are common