CONNECTIVE TISSUES • Most abundant type of tissue • Fills internal spaces, provides structural support for other tissues, and stores energy reserves • Includes tissues such as fat, bone, and blood • Most types are well vascularized • All types have a common origin (mesenchyme) • Includes 3 components: – specialized cells – extracellular protein fibers – ground substance • fluid or semi-solid which surrounds cells
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CONNECTIVE TISSUES Most abundant type of tissue Fills internal spaces, provides structural support for other tissues, and stores energy reserves Includes.
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CONNECTIVE TISSUES• Most abundant type of tissue
• Fills internal spaces, provides structural support for other tissues, and stores energy reserves
• Includes tissues such as fat, bone, and blood
• Most types are well vascularized
• All types have a common origin (mesenchyme)
• Includes 3 components:
– specialized cells
– extracellular protein fibers
– ground substance
• fluid or semi-solid which surrounds cells
3 Major Cell Types
1. Fibroblast– Most common fixed
cell
– Large, star shaped
– Produces fibers by secreting protein into matrix
2. Macrophages• Wandering Cells that
originate as WBC’s
• Function as scavengers that clear foreign particles Phagocytosis
• Also, play a role in immunity by allerting other WBC’s of foreign particles
3. Mast Cells• Large, widely
distributed cells• Associated with
inflammation• Releases heparin
and histamine
• 3 CATEGORIES:• Connective tissue proper
• tissue with many types of cells and extracellular fibers in a syrupy ground substance ex. Adipose tissue
• Fluid connective tissue• cells suspended in a watery matrix that contains dissolved
proteins ex. Blood
• Supporting connective tissue• low diverse cell population and a matrix of closely packed
fibers ex. Bone and cartilage
CLASSIFICATION
CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER• Composed of many kinds of cells
– Fibroblasts, Macrophages, Adipocytes
• 3 types of fibers– Collagen - long, straight unbranched; flexible but strong
ex: tendons, ligaments
– Reticular – cells suspended in a watery matrix that contains dissolved proteins Bone & Cartilage: stabilizes cells & vessels
– Elastic - contains the protein “elastin”. Branched, wavy, will contract after stretching ex: elastic ligaments
• Ground Tissue - – high viscosity; slows the spread of pathogens to make them
easier for phagocytes to catch
Real life apps
Connective Tissue Proper
• Loose connective tissue (areolar)– characterized by white and
yellow fibers between fibroblasts
– packing material of the body, cushions, attaches skin to the body, supports blood vessels
• Adipose tissue– dominated by
adipocytes
– energy storage, brown fat in infants (highly vascularized)
– each cell consists of large vacuole filled with triglycerides
• Reticular Connective Tissue– complex open
framework of reticular fibers
• supports walls of organs such as liver and spleen
• Dense Connective Tissue– consists of many closely packed
collagen fibers, elastin fibers, and few fibroblasts
• regular - collagen fibers are parallel to each other
– tendons, ligaments
• irregular - collagen fibers are randomly arranged and interwoven : provides strength to resist forces applied from many directions; interwoven meshwork
– dermis
Elastic Connective Tissue
• - consists of mainly yellow elastic fibers
– parallel or branching
– walls of hollow organs, large arteries, heart etc.
FLUID CONNECTIVE TISSUES
• Ground substance – plasma
• Blood contains formed elements: Erythrocytes, leukocytes, Platelets
• Arteries carry blood from heart to capillaries, water and solutes move into interstitial fluid, Veins return blood to heart
• Erythrocytes: carry oxygen (confined to vessels)