Connective tissues

Connective Tissues

4 subtypes: 4 subtypes:

Connective Tissue Proper (CTP)Connective Tissue Proper (CTP)

Blood and LymphBlood and Lymph

CartilageCartilage

BoneBone

Characteristics of all C.T. CellsCells

fixed and mobilefixed and mobile Fibers Fibers

collagen collagen elasticelastic reticularreticular

Ground substance Ground substance may be fluid or solid, found in between cells may be fluid or solid, found in between cells

and fibersand fibers

C. T. functions

structure and supportstructure and support defense defense storage of nutrientsstorage of nutrients transport of nutrientstransport of nutrients cushioning/protectioncushioning/protection

CTP types

Loose CTP Loose CTP areolar areolar

fibroblastsfibroblasts collagen and elastic fibers loosely organizedcollagen and elastic fibers loosely organized syrupy ground substancesyrupy ground substance fill spaces fill spaces

Loose CTP cont

AdiposeAdipose fat cellsfat cells few fibersfew fibers store energystore energy cushions kidneyscushions kidneys

Fibrous CTP Dense regularDense regular

mostly collagen fibersmostly collagen fibers run primarily in one directionrun primarily in one direction fibroblastsfibroblasts very strong in one directionvery strong in one direction tendonstendons ligamentsligaments fasciafascia

Fibrous cont.

Dense irregularDense irregular multidirectional fibers, mostly collagenmultidirectional fibers, mostly collagen multidirectional strengthmultidirectional strength dermis of skindermis of skin encapsulate organsencapsulate organs

Fibrous cont.

elasticelastic dominated by elastic fibersdominated by elastic fibers fibroblastsfibroblasts stretchablestretchable around bladderaround bladder lungslungs arteriesarteries

Reticular

meshwork of reticular fibersmeshwork of reticular fibers spaces for cells of an organspaces for cells of an organ spleenspleen liverliver lymph nodeslymph nodes bone marrowbone marrow

Blood and Lymph

fluid ground substancefluid ground substance varied cell populationvaried cell population transport nutrients and wastetransport nutrients and waste defensedefense few fibers, mostly soluble unless stimulated few fibers, mostly soluble unless stimulated

to clump togetherto clump together

Blood

50% plasma, mostly water50% plasma, mostly water 50% RBCs - erythrocytes, hemoglobin50% RBCs - erythrocytes, hemoglobin <1% WBCs - leukocytes, several types<1% WBCs - leukocytes, several types

granular - neutrophils, eosinophils, basophilsgranular - neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils agranular - lymphocytes, macrophagesagranular - lymphocytes, macrophages fight infectionfight infection

<1% platelets - thrombocytes<1% platelets - thrombocytes

Lymph

mostly ground substancemostly ground substance lymphocytes are primary celllymphocytes are primary cell filtered for foreign particlesfiltered for foreign particles

Cartilage

Characteristics Characteristics Avascular, heals slowlyAvascular, heals slowly Ground substance is chondroitin sulfate, a Ground substance is chondroitin sulfate, a

proteoglycan gelproteoglycan gel MatrixMatrix ChondrocytesChondrocytes LacunaeLacunae PerichondriumPerichondrium

Cartilage types

Hyaline cartilage Hyaline cartilage About 40% collagen fibers About 40% collagen fibers Stiff, but somewhat flexibleStiff, but somewhat flexible Nose, ribs, trachea, articular cartilage in jointsNose, ribs, trachea, articular cartilage in joints

Cart. Cont.

Elastic cartilageElastic cartilage Elastic fibersElastic fibers Very flexibleVery flexible Damage heals with collagen fibersDamage heals with collagen fibers Ex: cauliflower earEx: cauliflower ear Ears, epiglottisEars, epiglottis

Cart. Cont.

FibrocartilageFibrocartilage Higher % of cartilage is collagen fibers Higher % of cartilage is collagen fibers less gel in matrixless gel in matrix Provides cushioning in weight bearing jointsProvides cushioning in weight bearing joints Meniscii of knees, intervertebral disks, Meniscii of knees, intervertebral disks,

sacroiliac jointsacroiliac joint

Bone

Osseous tissueOsseous tissue Solid matrix composed of collagen fibers and Solid matrix composed of collagen fibers and

calcium saltscalcium salts PeriosteumPeriosteum Highly vascularHighly vascular Heals well, fairly quicklyHeals well, fairly quickly OsteoblastsOsteoblasts Osteoclasts Osteoclasts

Bone tissue structure

Compact boneCompact bone Found in the bone shaft, thin layer covers all boneFound in the bone shaft, thin layer covers all bone OsteonOsteon Osteonic canalOsteonic canal Volkmann canalVolkmann canal LacunaeLacunae OsteocytesOsteocytes CanaliculiCanaliculi

Bone cont. Cancellous (Spongy) boneCancellous (Spongy) bone

Open channels throughout bone, lessens Open channels throughout bone, lessens weight, weight,

Knobby ends of bones, flat bonesKnobby ends of bones, flat bones