Connecting a network (Part I) : Cabling & Hardware

Connecting a network (Part I)

: Cabling & Hardware

Wired vs Wireless network

Wired networks Wireless Network

Physically connected using cables Use signals to transfer data

Example: Using conventional

telephone cables

Example: Television and radio

network, cellular network,

For home connection, which is more efficient? Compare both in terms of:

Speed

Cost

Reliability

Wired vs Wireless network

Wired network: Cabling

• Cable is the medium through which

information usually moves from one

network device to another

Wired network: Type of Cable

• Several types of cable are commonly used with LANs.

• 3 types of cable

Coaxial cable Fiber optic cable Twisted-pair cable

(Shielded & Unshielded)

Type of cable: 1. Coaxial Cable

• Originally develop to carry large number of high-speed

video transmission at one time.

• Shield of braided wire to block electromagnetic signals

from entering the cable

• Used in telephone transmission outside home and cable

for television delivery

• More expensive than twisted pair but less susceptible to

interference

• Can carry more data quickly

• Coaxial cabling has a single copper conductor at its center.

Type of cable: 1. Coaxial Cable

• A plastic layer provides insulation between the center

conductor and a braided metal shield

• The metal shield helps to block any outside interference

from fluorescent lights, motors, and other computers

Type of cable: 2. Fiber Optic Cable

• consists of a center glass core surrounded by several layers of protective materials

• Fastest delivery : able to transmit signals over much

longer distances than coaxial and twisted pair.

• Transfers data represented by light pulses (billions of bit

per second)

• Each strand: carry data for several television stations or

thousands of voice

• Each strand: Only send data in one direction

• Example: Unifi

Type of cable: 2. Fiber Optic Cable

• It transmits light rather than electronic signals eliminating

the problem of electrical interference.

• ideal for certain environments that contain a large

amount of electrical interference.

Type of cable: 3a. Unshielded

Twisted Pair (UTP)

• Has 4 pairs of wires inside the jacket

• Each pair is twisted with a different number of twists per inch to help eliminate interference from adjacent pairs and other electrical devices.

• A disadvantage : may be susceptible to radio and electrical frequency interference.

Type of cable: 3b. Shielded Twisted

Pair (STP)

• Two individual wires wrap in a foil shielding

• Shielding to help provide a more reliable data

communication

• Suitable for environment with electrical interference

• Disadvantage: Extra shielding cause bulky

Cable connector

1. Coaxial cable connector

• The most common type of connector used with coaxial cables is the Bayonet-Neill-Concelman (BNC) connector

• Different types of adapters are available for BNC connectors, including a T-connector, barrel connector, and terminator.

Cable connector

2. Fibre optic cable connector

• The most common type of connector used with fiber optic cable is the ST & SC connector

Cable connector

3. UTP cable connector

• The standard connector for unshielded twisted pair

cabling is an RJ-45 connector (RJ=Registered Jack)

• Look like a large telephone-style connector

• A slow allows RJ-45 to be inserted only one way

Topology & Cable

Physical Topology Cable used

Linear Bus

Coaxial

Twisted Pair

Fiber

Star Twisted Pair

Fiber

Star-Wired Ring

Twisted Pair

Tree

Coaxial

Twisted Pair

Fiber

Network Topology Comparison

Network Hardware / Equipment

• Networking hardware includes all computers, peripherals, interface cards and other equipment needed to perform data-processing and communications within the network.

Network Hardware / Equipment

1. File Server

2. Workstation

3. Network Interface Cards

4. Concentrator/Hubs

5. Switch

6. Repeater

7. Bridges

8. Routers

Network Hardware: 1. File server

• A file server stands at the heart of most networks.

• very fast computer

• large amount of RAM and storage space,

• a fast network interface card.

• network operating system software resides on this computer, along with any software applications and data files that need to be shared.

Network Hardware: 2. Workstation

• user computers that is connected to a network are called workstations.

• configured with a network interface card, networking software, and the appropriate cables.

• do not necessarily storage capability , files can be saved on the file server.

• almost any computer can serve as a network workstation.

Network Hardware: 3. Network Interface Card

(NIC)

• provides the physical connection between the network and the computer workstation.

• major factor in determining the speed and performance of a network

• Most NICs are internal, with the card fitting into an expansion slot inside the computer.

• Some computers, such as Mac Classics, use external boxes which are attached to a serial port or a SCSI port.

• Laptop computers - built-in NIC or network cards that slip into a PCMCIA slot.

• The three most common network interface connections are

– Ethernet cards,

– LocalTalk connectors

– Token Ring cards.


(NIC)


(NIC)

1. Ethernet Cards

• Ethernet cards contain connections for either coaxial or twisted pair cables (or both)

– BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman) connection for coaxial cable

– RJ-45 connection for twisted pair,

• Some ethernet cards also have Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) connection

RJ-45

AUI

BNC


(NIC)

2. LocalTalk Connectors

• LocalTalk is Apple's built-in solution for networking Macintosh computers.

• utilizes a special adapter box and a cable that plugs into the printer port of a Macintosh.

• A major disadvantage of LocalTalk (.23 Mbps) is that it is slow in comparison to Ethernet (10 Mbps).


(NIC)

Ethernet card vs. LocalTalk connection

Ethernet LocalTalk

Fast data transfer (10

Mbps)

Slow data transfer (.23 Mbps)

Expensive - purchased

separately

Built into Macintosh

computers

Requires computer slot No computer slot necessary

Available for most

computers

Works only on Macintosh

computers


(NIC)

3. Token Ring Cards

• Token Ring network cards look similar to Ethernet cards.

• One visible difference is the type of connector on the back end of the card.

• generally have a nine pin DIN type connector to attach the card to the network cable.

Network Hardware: 4. Concentrator/Hubs

• Central connection point

• Transmit all data received to all node connected to the hub. Regardless to which device the data being sent to

• Lots of extra network traffic, network less efficient

Network Hardware: 5. Switch

• Switch vs Hubs : Both devices contain ports to connect

the devices together via networking cables and to

facilitates communication between the devices, but they

differ in how they transfer data.

• Identifies the device on the network for which the data is intended and sends the data to that node only

• Can connect Ethernet, token ring, Fiber Channel or other types of packet switched network segments together to form an internetwork

• When to use Switch? Hubs?

Network Hardware: 6. Repeater

• to boost the signal with a device called a repeater. The repeater electrically amplifies the signal it receives and rebroadcasts it.

• can be separate devices or they can be incorporated into a concentrator.

• used when the total length of your network cable exceeds the standards set for the type of cable being used.

Network Hardware: 7. Bridges

• A bridge monitors the information traffic on both sides of the network so that it can pass packets of information to the correct location. The bridge manages the traffic to maintain optimum performance on both sides of the network

• It keeps information flowing on both sides of the network, but it does not allow unnecessary traffic through.

• Can be used to connect different types of cabling, or physical topologies. They must be between networks with the same protocol.

• A network bridge connects multiple network segments.

Network Hardware: 7. Bridges

• Bridges are similar to repeaters or network hubs, devices that connect network segments at the physical layer, however a bridge works by using bridging where traffic from one network is managed rather than simply rebroadcast to adjacent network segments.

Network Hardware: 8. Routers

• Connectors that used to link different networks

• translates information from one network to another; it is similar to a superintelligent bridge.

• select the best path to route a message, based on the destination address and origin.

• direct traffic to prevent head-on collisions, and is smart enough to know when to direct traffic along back roads and shortcuts.

• While bridges know the addresses of all computers on each side of the network, routers know the addresses of computers, bridges, and other routers on the network. Routers can even "listen" to the entire network to determine which sections are busiest -- they can then redirect data around those sections until they clear up.

•

Network Hardware: 8. Routers

• Also determines the best route to send the data over the Internet.

• Routers can:

Direct signal traffic efficiently

Route messages between any two protocols

Route messages between linear bus, star, and star-wired ring topologies

Route messages across fiber optic, coaxial, and twisted-pair cabling

http://aranshare.blogspot.com/2012/05/pe

ngertian-router-dan-cara-kerjanya.html

Class Activity : Set up your network

• You have these network components:

– Printer (1) - Wires

– Computer (2 ) - Network Interface Card(2)

– Personal laptop (1)

– Concentrator/Hubs (1)

– Server (1)

Build your simple network model in group

Additional info:

http://www.ssos.com/networks.html

THANK YOU

Connecting a network (Part I) : Cabling & Hardware

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