Conjoined Twins Final

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Outline :-

What Are Conjoined Twins ?

How does It Happen ?

History Of Conjoined Twins

Types Of Conjoined Twins

Rare Forms Of Conjoined

Twins

Separation

Cases of Conjoined twins


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What Are Conjoined Twins ?

Is one of the most fascinating human

malformations and has also been reported inother animalsmammals, fishes, birds,

reptiles, and amphibians.

Treating conjoined twins can be a dauntingchallenge for the surgeon. Furthermore, these

cases often raise religious, moral, ethical, and

legal issues


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How does It Happen ?

Conjoined twins are identical twins that havenot split properly after fertilization, they share

a body and may share vital organs. Identical twins are created from a single

fertilized egg, If the egg does not separatewithin 12 days, it will not split completely.

Instead of creating two separate embryos, thetwo embryos will remain attached, causingthe babies to grow into one another.


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How Does it Happen ?


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History Of Conjoined Twins

A popular term for conjoined

twins is Siamese twins

The term comes from Eng andChang Bunker who were famousconjoined twins born in Siam The

term Siamese twins is no longerconsidered appropriate becausethey arent limited to any racial orethnic group.


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Craniopagus : about 2% ofconjoined twins Joined at the skull,can share portions of the brain and

blood circulation. Thoracopagus: about 35% of all

conjoined twins, the mostcommon.

Joined at the upper chest fromclavicle to sternum.

Can share a heart or a pericardium


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Craniopagus

Thoracopagus


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Ischopagus twins joined at front pelvis

and lower spine.

Ischio-omphalopagus Combination of

ischiopagus and omphalopagus twins


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Rare Forms Of Conjoined Twins

Conjoined twins needn't be symmetrical,

as is the case with parasitic twins, in which the smaller

individual relies on the larger one for survival.

Fetus in Fetu: A situation in which a fetus is contained

completely within the body of its sibling.


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Separation

Separation of conjoined

twins is usually performed

at a very young age.

In some cases the brain orthe heart must be

separated in order to

provide each twin with vital

organs.

Separation while twins are

too young to realize that

they are joined is thought to

help their psychological

recovery.


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Lori and Reba Schappell

The only pair of unseparated

twins alive today that are joined

at the head

Reba is shorter and must sit

on a wheeled stool

They dont want to be separated

They were institutionalized when

they were children


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Laleh and Laden Bijani

Joined at the head

Separated in July 2003

They had a 50:50 chance of

survival

Laden died an hour afterseparation

Laleh died 90 minutes after Laden


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One-year-old conjoined twins -Rital and

Ritag Gaboura from Sudan -were

recently surgically separated and

Are recovering steadily and appear tobe in good condition. The twins, who

were joined at the head, underwent

four operations, the most recent of

which happened last month.


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Refrencess

1- http://news.discovery.com/human/separating-conjoined-

twins-110920.html

2- http://www.powershow.com/view/5161b-

MTM2N/Conjoined_Twins_flash_ppt_presentation

3- http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/934680-overview

4- http://www.twinstuff.com


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Conjoined Twins Final

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