PAEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDICS
Nov 02, 2014
PAEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDICS
Outline• Congenital Talipes Equino Varus
• DDH
• Perthes
• SCURFY
• Limb Length Discrepancy
• Angular Deformity
CTEV
AMALINA MOHD DAUD0917298
IIUM
Outline• What is CTEV?• Epidemiology• Causes• Anatomy and pathoanatomy• Clinical features• X-rays• Treatment
What is CTEV??
• Idiopathic clubfoot
• Causing CAVE - midfoot Cavus/ increase in height -forefoot Adductus -hindfoot Varus -hindfoot Equinus/ plantarflex
Hind foot equinus
Heel in varus
Midfoot cavus
Epidemiology
• Relatively common- 1 to 2 per thousand births• Boys affected twice• Bilateral in 1/3 of cases
Causes-unknown
• germ defect• arrested development
• neuromuscular disorder in neurological disorders and neural tube defect
• postural deformity
Common Types
1. Congenital - uncommon bony problems present upon childbirth not related to any neuromuscular factor or symptoms.
2. Teratologic -a/w neurological conditions (eg: spina bifida)
3. Positional - in contorted position in utero
4 Syndromic -a/w standard hereditary issue, which includes arthrogryposis.
Anatomy• Hindfoot -calcaneum, talar
• Midfoot -cuboid, navicular, cuneiform
• Forefoot - metatarsals, phalanges
Pathological Anatomy
Neck of Tallus-pointing downward and deviates medially
Body of Tallus- Rotated outward
Posterior part of calcaneum-held close to fibula by CF ligt-tilted into equinus and varus-rotated medially beneath ankle
Navicular and forefoot-shifted medially-rotated into supination(composite varus deformity)
Pathological Anatomy
• Skin and soft tissue of calf and medial side of foot are short and underdeveloped
• If not corrected early, secondary growth changes occur in the bones-PERMANENT
Clinical Features
• Heel is small and high• Deep creases appear posteriorly and medially• Abnormal thin calf
• Varying degree of resistance / fixed deformity when try to dorsiflex and evert the foot
Normal baby foot
• Associated disorders - congenital hip dislocation - spina bifida -arthrogryposis : absent of creases
• Look if other joints are affected
How to differentiate true and postural clubfoot?
• True clubfoot – fixed deformity• Postural talipes – easily correctable by gentle
passive movement
IMAGINGX-ray to assess progress of treatment
Anterioposterior view
Kite’s angle (talocalcaneal angle): normal 20-40 degree clubfoot angle almost parallel
30 degree plantarflex
Lateral Film (Turco view)
Normal angle : 40 degreeIf less 20 degree: rocker bottom deformity - calcaneum seem to be dorsiflexed but it had broken at midtarsal level
Foot dorsiflex
TREATMENT
Aim
To produce and maintain a plantigrade, supple foot that will function well
Non Operative Operative
• Serial Manipulative and Casting (Ponsetti’s method)
• -Posteromedial tissue release and tendon lengthening
• -medial opening or lateral column-shortening osteotomy, or cuboidal decancellation
• -triple arthrodesis
• -tallectomy
Serial Manipulative and Casting (Ponsetti’s method)
• Goal-rotate leg laterally around the fixed tallus• Order of correction (CAVE) -midfoot cavus -forefoot adductus -hindfoot varus -hindfoot equinus
Increase the supination deformity of forefoot
DON’T SLEEP. TQ