Cong Nghe San Xuat Acid Sulfuric

GVGD: Th.S L TH ANH PHNGSVTT: L TH THU HIN NGUYN VN NGT NGUYN HNG NGC ON TH MNG TUYN PHAN TH TNG VN TRN TH XUN VINH

NI DUNGTNH CHT HA L V NG DNG.PHNG PHP SN XUT H2SO4.CC THIT B DNG TRONG QU TRNH SN XUT H2SO4. S NGUYN TC SN XUT H2SO4 BNG PHNG PHP N V KP.

TNH CHT VT L

Axt sulfuric l mt axt v c mnh. N ha tan trong nc theo bt k t l no Cht lng, khng mu, snh nh du, khng bay hi.Ts= 336.50C, Tkt = -100CD= 1,84 g/cm3; nng gn gp 2 ln nc.H2SO4 c rt ht m -> dng lm kh kh m.H2SO4 c tan v hn trong nc v to nhiu nhit

TNH CHT HA HC

ng dng

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ng dng

CC PHNG PHP:Nhit kim sunfat st ( kuparos st)

ch : hin nay khng c dngNitroz (tn ti hn 200 nm)Tip xc (quan trng)

Gm 3 cng on chnh

Sn xut SO2Sn xut H2SO4Sn xut SO3

Dng bt c nguyn liu no c cha lu hunh sn xut H2SO4Nguyn liuTheo thng k, sn lng acid sulfuric trn th gii c sn xut t cc ngun nguyn liu khc nhau nh sau:i t S: 65%i t kh thi ca ngnh luyn kim (nh SO2 , H2S,): 23%i t qung pirit: 9%T cc ngun khc:3%

SN XUT SO2i t S:

S+ 02 = SO2Kh H2S:

2H2S+ 3O2= 2SO2+ H2OQung FeS2:

4FeS2+ 11O2= 2Fe2O3+ 8SO2Qung FeS:

4FeS+ 7O2= 2Fe2O3+ 4SO2

FeS2 2FeS + S2(hi) H > 0.S2 +2O2 2SO2. H < 0.4FeS + 7O2 2Fe2O3 + 4SO2 H < 0.4FeS2 + 11O2 2Fe2O3+ 8 SO2

C hai dng xc tc c s dng:Xc tc kim loi:

platin: c s dng u tin, c hot tnh cao nhng d b ng c xc tc, gi thnh t. Hin nay dng kim loi khc nh: Rh, Ir, Pdmc d hot tnh thp hn PtXc tc phi kim loi:

c s dng rng ri oxi ha SO2 trong cng nghip bao gm 1 s oxit kim loi nh: oxit st, oxit crom, oxit vanadi oxit vanadi c hot tnh thp nhng y l loi xc tc bn nhit, r tin, tng b mt ring ln

Hp th SO3 thnh H2SO4SO3 c hp th bng H2SO4 trong thp hp th. Ban u SO3 ha tan trong H2SO4 , sau phn ng vi nc to thnh H2SO4 theo phn ng sau:

nSO3 + H2O = H2SO4 + (n-1)H2OSau H2SO4 s hp th SO3 thnh dung dch H2SO4 c nhng nng khc nhau ty theo t l gia kh SO3 v nc n>1: sn phm l oleum n=1: sn phm l H2SO4 98% n

My lng bi ly tmHh kh ra khi l t SO2 cn cha rt nhiu tp cht khng th a qua giai on oxi ha SO2 thnh SO3 c m phi qua giai on tinh ch. tch bi ra khi hn hp kh dng my lng bi ly tm (cyclon)Hot ng: chuyn ng xoy trn ca cc dng kh trong cc cyclon, ht bi c kch thc ln s p vo thnh ca cyclon v ri xung yCh :cyclon gi li cc ht bi c kch thc ln, cc ht bui nh vn theo dng kh phi tch cc bi ny nh my lc in.

My lc inHot ng: kh nng to ra in trng mnh c kh nng ion ha cc cht kh, cc ion s chuyn ng v cc cc tri du, trn ng i gp cc ht bi lm cho cc ht bi cng tch in, chuyn ng v cc cc c gi li v tch ra khi dng kh

L t nhiu tng (l bi cho)Nguyn liu cho vo l, t=6500C,qung nng chy.Hh kh SO2 ly ra nhCh p sut trong l bao gi cng gi thp hn p sut ngoi kh quyn nh qut ht di dy chuyn hn hp kh SO2 khng bay ra ngoi lm nhim mi trng v khng kh vo l t.

L phun (l t bi)Cng dng: t qung pirit dng bi c hm lng S thpCu to: cao 10m, ng knh 4m, cu to rng.Hot ng: qung v khng kh thi t di l. Qu trnh chy khng phi thc hin trn b mt sn l m trong ton b th tch ca l. Pha nh l c khng kh b sung, sn phm ca qu trnh t din ra pha di, hm lng SO2 trong khng kh chim 12%u im: nng sut ln, 100 tn qung/ngyNhc im: kh thot ra khi l cha nhiu bi gy kh khn cho giai on tinh ch

Qung bi v khng khXKhng khB sungSO2

L TNG SICu to: phn di ca l t c 1 lp thp,trn li c qung pirit c nghin n kch thc thch hp. Hot ng: Ngi ta thi khng kh qua li t di ln vi tc gi cho cc ht qung chuyn ng kiu lp si trn mt li thp. Trong trng thi l lng qung FeS2 b t chy rt nhanh to hh kh SO2Dng khng kh giu oxi t chy qung pirit, hh kh thu c c hm lng SO2 cao v cha t nito

FeS2Khng khX

S nguyn tc sn xut H2SO4 bng phng php n v kp

Cng ngh tip xc l cng ngh hin i v c p dng ph bin nht.

theo pp tip xc c hai loi dy chuyn sau:Dy chuyn tip xc v hp th mt ln (tip xc n) c p dng ph bin trc nm 1970 vi hiu sut chuyn ha SO2 thnh SO3 t 98%. Lng SO2 khng chuyn ha b thi vo kh quyn, gy nhim mi trngDy chuyn tip xc v hp th 2 ln (tip xc kp) hiu sut chuyn ha t 99.5 n 99.9%. Vi dy chuyn ny lng SO2 trong kh thi bo m nm trong gii hn cho php khong 500 mg/m3, m acid sulfuric t 35 mg/m3

Nguyn tc sx H2SO4 bng pp n

S cng ngh sn xut acid sulfuric vi cng ngh t lu hunh v tip xc kp