Elizabeth Kneebone Brookings Institution Confronting Suburban Poverty Challenges and Directions for the Boston Region
Confronting Suburban Poverty in America, Elizabeth Kneebone, Brookings Institute 11-19-13
May 12, 2015
Presentation given at MAPC's Confronting Poverty on the North Shore forum, Salem, Mass., November 19, 2013, by Elizabeth Kneeland, Brookings Institute, co-author with Alan Berube of "Confronting Suburban Poverty," (Brookings Press, 2013).
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Elizabeth Kneebone Brookings Institution
Confronting Suburban PovertyChallenges and Directions for the Boston Region
Today, more of the nation’s poor live in suburbs than in cities
Number in poverty, central cities versus suburbs, 1970-2012. Source: Brookings analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data
1970 1980 1990 2000 2012
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
Poor Individuals in Suburbs Poor Individuals in Cities
Older Mature Emerging Exurban
4,129,453
3,560,143
1,655,630
793,369
4,884,981
4,473,073
2,205,355
1,126,139
20002005-09
Suburb Type
Thou
sand
s of p
oor
Poverty is spreading from older to “mid-century” suburbs
Poverty is suburbanizing due to changing demographics, economics, and consumer preferences
Suburban
Poverty
Job Sprawl
Housing Crash
Immigration
Big City Renewal
Aging Communitie
s
Suburban poverty brings added challenges
Limited Transportation Options Strained Local Capacity
Uneven Philanthropy Schools on the Front Lines
Substance Abuse Treatment
Block Grant; Social Services
Block Grant; Substance
Abuse Prevention Block
Grant; Community Mental
Health Services Block Grant
(MHSBG); Access to
Recovery (ATR)
Social Services
The fragmented system of place-based anti-poverty programs does not always map easily onto the suburban landscape
Child and Adult Care Food
Program; The Emergency
Food Assistance Program
(TEFAP); Summer Food
Service Program; Commodity
Supplemental Food Program;
WIC Farmers’ Market
Nutrition Program (FMNP)
Food Assistance
Job TrainingJob Corps; WIA Dislocated Worker
Employment and Training Activities;
WIA Youth Appropriation; WIA Adult
Program; WIA Dislocated Worker
National Emergency Grants;
YouthBuild; Learn and Serve America:
School and Community Based
Programs; Supported Employment
State Grants; Work Opportunity Tax
Credit; Child Care and Development
Block Grant
Education
Title I — Improving The Academic Achievement Of The
Disadvantaged; Head Start and Early Head Start; Improving
Teacher Quality State Grants; Adult Basic and Literacy Education
State Grants; TRIO: Upward Bound; Gaining Early Awareness and
Readiness for Undergraduate Programs (GEAR UP); Teacher
Incentive Fund; TRIO: Student Support Services; College Access
Challenge Grant Program; Mathematics and Science Partnerships;
TRIO:Talent Search; Race to the Top -- Early Learning Challenge;
TRIO: Educational Opportunity Centers; TRIO: Upward Bound
Math Science; Parental Information and Resource Centers;
Advanced Placement Program (Advanced Placement Test Fee;
Advanced Placement Incentive Program Grants); School
Leadership Program; Innovative Approaches to Literacy; Assets
for Independence (AFI); IRS Volunteer Income Tax Assistance
(VITA); 21st Century Community Learning Centers; Child Care
Access Means Parents in School Program; Advanced Placement
Incentive Program Grants; Qualified zone academy bonds (QZAB);
Charter Schools Program
HealthConsolidated Health Centers
(Community Health Centers, Migrant
Health Centers, Health Care for the
Homeless, Public Housing Primary
Care, and School Based Health
Centers); Affordable Care Act (ACA)
Grants for Capital Development in
Health Centers; Title V Maternal and
Child Health Services Block Grant
Program; Maternal, Infant, and Early
Childhood Home Visiting Program
Economic Development
New Markets Tax Credit ; Renewal
Community Tax Incentives; Community
Development Financial Institutions Program;
ARRA- Investments for Public Works and
Economic Development Facilities; Recovery
Zone Bonds; ARRA- Economic Adjustment
Assistance; Economic Development: Support
for Planning Organizations; Community
Economic Development; Technical Assistance;
Bank Enterprise Award; Economic
Development: Technical Assistance;
Community Services Block Grant; Community
Services Block Grant: Discretionary Awards
Housing
Emergency Food and Shelter
Program; Tenant-based Rental
Assistance; Sustainable
Communities Regional
Planning Grant Program;
Housing Choice Voucher
(HCV) Family Self-Sufficiency;
Housing Counseling
Assistance
$82 billion81 federal programs
10 agencies
Yet innovators across the country are finding creative ways to navigate this system
HealthConsolidated Health Centers
(Community Health Centers, Migrant
Health Centers, Health Care for the
Homeless, Public Housing Primary
Care, and School Based Health
Centers); Affordable Care Act (ACA)
Grants for Capital Development in
Health Centers; Title V Maternal and
Child Health Services Block Grant
Program; Maternal, Infant, and Early
Childhood Home Visiting Program
Food Assistance
Child and Adult Care Food
Program; The Emergency Food
Assistance Program (TEFAP);
Summer Food Service
Program; Commodity
Supplemental Food Program;
WIC Farmers’ Market Nutrition
Program (FMNP)
Housing
Emergency Food and Shelter
Program; Tenant-based Rental
Assistance; Sustainable
Communities Regional
Planning Grant Program;
Housing Choice Voucher
(HCV) Family Self-Sufficiency;
Housing Counseling
Assistance
Job Training
Job Corps; WIA Dislocated Worker
Employment and Training Activities;
WIA Youth Appropriation; WIA Adult
Program; WIA Dislocated Worker
National Emergency Grants;
YouthBuild; Learn and Serve America:
School and Community Based
Programs; Supported Employment
State Grants; Work Opportunity Tax
Credit; Child Care and Development
Block Grant
Title I — Improving The Academic Achievement Of The
Disadvantaged; Head Start and Early Head Start; Improving
Teacher Quality State Grants; Adult Basic and Literacy Education
State Grants; TRIO: Upward Bound; Gaining Early Awareness and
Readiness for Undergraduate Programs (GEAR UP); Teacher
Incentive Fund; TRIO: Student Support Services; College Access
Challenge Grant Program; Mathematics and Science Partnerships;
TRIO:Talent Search; Race to the Top -- Early Learning Challenge;
TRIO: Educational Opportunity Centers; TRIO: Upward Bound
Math Science; Parental Information and Resource Centers;
Advanced Placement Program (Advanced Placement Test Fee;
Advanced Placement Incentive Program Grants); School
Leadership Program; Innovative Approaches to Literacy; Assets
for Independence (AFI); IRS Volunteer Income Tax Assistance
(VITA); 21st Century Community Learning Centers; Child Care
Access Means Parents in School Program; Advanced Placement
Incentive Program Grants; Qualified zone academy bonds (QZAB);
Charter Schools Program
Education
Economic Development
New Markets Tax Credit ; Renewal
Community Tax Incentives; Community
Development Financial Institutions Program;
ARRA- Investments for Public Works and
Economic Development Facilities; Recovery
Zone Bonds; ARRA- Economic Adjustment
Assistance; Economic Development: Support
for Planning Organizations; Community
Economic Development; Technical Assistance;
Bank Enterprise Award; Economic
Development: Technical Assistance;
Community Services Block Grant; Community
Services Block Grant: Discretionary Awards
Social Services
Substance Abuse Treatment
Block Grant; Social Services
Block Grant; Substance
Abuse Prevention Block
Grant; Community Mental
Health Services Block Grant
(MHSBG); Access to Recovery
(ATR)
Achieve Scale
Neighborhood Centers Inc.• Has an annual budget of more than $275 million,
70 different sites, and a staff of over 1,000• Coordinates resources from 35 federal programs,
state, local, and private sources to provide a seamless continuum of services
• Collaborates with other area providers
Support smart consolidation
Improve systems and networks
Promote high-performance organizations
Collaborate and integrateChicago Southland Housing and Community Development Collaborative• Represents 23 municipalities• Continues to be supported by regional
institutions and local funders• Breaks down policy silos
Identify and reduce barriers
Catalyze regional capacity
Reward collaborative approaches
Fund strategicallyDenver Transit Oriented Development (TOD)Fund• Partnership between Urban Land
Conservancy, Enterprise Community Partners, and City/County of Denver
• Makes capital available to purchase sites along current and future rails and bus corridors
Commit to enterprise-level funding
Promote tools that leverage public & private resources
Develop consistent, comparable data sources
Creating a Metropolitan Opportunity Challenge could help bring these solutions to scale in regions across the country
Federal Place-Based Anti-Poverty Programs
$82 Billion; 81 Programs; 10 Agencies
Re-purpose 5% : $4 billion
www.ConfrontingSuburbanPoverty.org
You can read more about the Metropolitan Opportunity Challenge and the contents of the book on our new website
The website provides a host of helpful resources:
Profiles of the top 100 metros Case studies of innovators
Tips for taking action Video
Infographic
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