Conflicts in the Conflicts in the Middle East Middle East (Ch. 18 sec. 4) (Ch. 18 sec. 4)
Conflicts in the Middle EastConflicts in the Middle East (Ch. 18 sec. 4)(Ch. 18 sec. 4)
Palestine/IsraelPalestine/Israel• Considered the “Holy Land” by
the Muslim, Jewish, and Christian faiths
• Hebrews (Jews) lose control of the area during the first century AD (CE)
• Ottomans (Muslim Turks) control from 15th-20th centuries AD (CE)
• After World War I, Ottoman Turks lose this territory to Great Britain: Britain allows 10 million Palestinians (mostly Muslim) to stay and practice religious freedom
Balfour Declaration: Balfour Declaration: (1917(1917))
• Arthur Balfour (British Gov’t official) declares Jews should have their own country: Israel
Balfour Declaration: Balfour Declaration: (1917(1917))• Cause 1: increased
immigration of Jews to Palestine
• Cause 2: Jews requested their own homeland and G.B. did not want to lose support of Jews during World War I
Balfour Declaration: Balfour Declaration: (1917(1917))• Effect #1:• Issue of Jewish
homeland not settled in 1917
• Effect #2:• British left the issue to
the UN to decide after World War II
Independent Israel CreatedIndependent Israel Created
• May 14, 1948 Israel declares itself a new nation
Independent Israel CreatedIndependent Israel Created• Cause #1• UN recommends taking a part of
Palestine (British colony before WWII) and giving it to Jews for
Israel
Independent Israel CreatedIndependent Israel Created• Cause #2:• sympathy for Jews from
Europeans after
Holocaust
Independent Israel CreatedIndependent Israel Created• Effect #1: full scale
Arab-Israeli war: 10 million Palestinians were left with out a country when their land was given to Jews for Israel by UN
1956 Arab-Israeli War1956 Arab-Israeli War• Cause #1: millions of
Palestinians were left with out a country when UN gave their land to Jews for Israel
1956 Arab-Israeli War1956 Arab-Israeli War• Cause #2: Egypt seizes
the Suez Canal from Israel
1956 Arab-Israeli War1956 Arab-Israeli War• Effect #1: Israel defeats Egypt
• Effect #2: Israel invades
parts of Egypt
• Effect #3: Great Britain/France supported Israel in the conflict
1956 Arab-Israeli War1956 Arab-Israeli War• Under international
pressure Israel gives Suez Canal back to Egypt:
ends the crisis
1967 Six-Day War1967 Six-Day War• Israel vs. Egypt,
Iran, Syria, and Jordan
1967 Six-Day War1967 Six-Day War• Israel vs. Egypt, Iran, Syria,
and Jordan
• vs.
• Cause #1: Uneasy truce after 1956 war
• Cause #2: Rising tensions between Arab states and Israel after the 1956 war
1967 Six-Day War1967 Six-Day War• Cause #3: Egypt (armed
with Soviet weapons) and other Arab nations prepared for war
• Cause #4: June 5, 1967 Israel attacked Iran, Egypt, Jordan, and Syria first
1967 Six-Day War1967 Six-Day War• Cause #5: Six days
Israel lost 800; • Egypt, Iran, Syria,
Jordan lost 15,000 combined
1967 Six-Day War1967 Six-Day War• Effect #1: Israel took
West Bank from Jordan
• Effect #2: Israel took Golan Heights from Syria
• Effect #3: Israel took Sinai Peninsula from Egypt
Yom Kippur War (October 1973)Yom Kippur War (October 1973)
• Cause #1: Arab nations jointly attacked Israel on holiest Jewish holiday
Yom Kippur War (October 1973)Yom Kippur War (October 1973)
• Effect #1: Caught Israelis off guard
• Effect #2: Arabs nations reclaimed some of lost territory
• Effect #3: Israel counter attacked and took back lost territory
• Effect #4: uneasy truce after weeks of fighting
Camp David Accords 1978Camp David Accords 1978• Cause #1: Egypt offers
permanent peace to Israel
Cause #2: US President Jimmy Carter offered to facilitate peace agreement at Camp David, Maryland
Camp David Accords 1978Camp David Accords 1978• Effect #1: Egypt first Arab
nation to recognize Israel as legitimate nation
• Effect #2: Israel gives Sinai Peninsula back to Egypt
Camp David Accords 1978Camp David Accords 1978• Effect #3: ends 30 years
of hostilities between Israel and Egypt
• Effect #4: Egypt president Anwar Sadat assassinated by Egyptian extremists
Declaration of PrinciplesDeclaration of Principles (September (September 1993)1993)
• Cause #1: ongoing Palestinian/Israeli conflicts
• Cause #2: conflicts led to a series of peace talks facilitated by US President Bill Clinton
Declaration of PrinciplesDeclaration of Principles (September (September 1993)1993)
• Effect #1: Israel grants self-rule to Palestinians in West Bank and Gaza Strip
• Effect #2: Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin assassinated by Israeli extremist in 1995