'Conflictos del territorio y restitución de tierras en ...

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Artículos

CONFLICTOS  DEL  TERRITORIO  Y  RESTITUCIÓN  

DE  TIERRAS  EN  COLOMBIA

CARMEN  GRACIELA  FLÓREZ,  JEMAY  MOSQUERAY  ALEJANDRO  CANAL.

INTRODUCCIÓN

  El   enfrentamiento   a   las  

condiciones   de   un   mundo   globalizado,  

hace   necesario   redefinir   las   fronteras  

entre  la  sociedad  y  el  Estado,  en  la  medida  

que  el  desarrollo  es  el  resultado  del  nivel  

de  competitividad  y  habitabilidad  que  esta  

posea,   reflejado   tanto   en   su   crecimiento  

económico   como   en   el   mejoramiento  

constante  de  las  potencialidades  humanas  

de  sus  habitantes  y  de  las  condiciones  en  

que   estos   desarrollan   sus   múltiples  

actividades   en   el   territorio   (Mosquera   &  

Flórez,  2009:67).

  En  Colombia,  los  procesos  externos  

fruto   de   la   globalización   y   los   conflictos  

internos   contribuyen   al   aumento   de   la  

fragmentación   territorial   y   de   la  

complejidad  de  las  estructuras  urbanas  y  

rurales.   Se   observa   una   debilidad  

institucional   representada   en   la   escasa  

gobernabilidad   del   Estado   frente   a   los  

intereses   polarizados   de   los   actores   del  

desarrollo  y  en  el  tratamiento  que  se  le  ha  

dado   al   conflicto   armado,   así   como   una  

debilidad  de  la  población  civil  que  no  se  ve  

como  un   factor   político   decisivo   frente   a  

los  grupos  de  poder.

  Los   procesos   de   planificación   y  

desarrollo   territorial   responden   a  

complejos   procesos   sistémicos   de  

interrelaciones,   en   diferentes   niveles   y  

para  su  estudio  se  deben  tener  en  cuenta  

las  múltiples  variables  que   inciden  en  su  

generación,   transformación   y   gestión.  

Entre   las   variables   determinantes,   se  

destacan,  la  integralidad  en  el  abordaje  de  

los  procesos  y  la  acción  concertada  de  los  

actores  políticos,  los  actores  técnicos  y  la  

comunidad  en  general.  

  Por   su   carácter   sistémico,   la    

relación  que  existe  entre  la  violencia  y    el  

territorio  hace  posible  su  interpretación  de  

manera  integral,  desde  lo  social,  político,  

cultural,   ambiental   y   económico,   lo   cual  

permite   proporcionar   a   las  

administraciones  públicas,  a  las  instancias  

competentes,   a   la   sociedad   civil   y,   en  

general,  al  conjunto  de  actores  que  usan  y  

ocupan   el   territorio   nacional   y   que,   de  

alguna  manera,   están   permeados   con   el  

tema   del   conflicto,     proporcionar    

herramientas   que   permitan   actuar   sobre  

sus   prioridades   y   problemas,   conocer   y  

aprovechar  las  potencialidades  regionales,  

superar   los   conflictos  y   tomar  decisiones  

acertadas  sobre  su  desarrollo  futuro.  

  No  obstante,  la  necesidad  de  enfo-­

ques   integradores    exige   la  definición  de  

cuáles  sistemas  actúan  como  eje  estruc-­

tural  en  determinado  contexto  espacial  y  

momento  histórico,  lo  que    facilita  la  defi-­

nición  de  aspectos  en  los  que  se  requiere  

enfatizar,  la  formulación  de  políticas  públi-­

cas   y   estrategias   de   gestión   para   lograr  

cambios   estructurales   en   el   modelo   de  

ocupación   del   territorio   y   tenencia   de   la  

tierra.

  Para   el   presente   estudio   sobre  

desarrollo   territorial   y   su   articulación   al  

7

Revista  Instituto  de  Altos  Estudios  EuropeosNúm-­0

RIAEE

PASEO  DE  LA  ALAMEDA  DE  OSUNA SANTA  ANA  OCCIDENTAL

76  BAJO  B  MADRID  28042 Cra  8Nº.  108A  70

TELEFONO/FAX  34+917480479 TEL  6377105        3107589865

EUROPA(MADRID,ESPAÑA) AMERICA  LATINA(BOGOTÁ,COLOMBIA)www.iaee.eu

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