Conflict in the Conflict in the Nation Nation Anti-war, advocated the isolationist policy and complete neutrality Aimed to enforce the Neutrality Acts Prominent members: Aviator Charles Lindbergh Future President Gerald Ford Publisher Joseph M. Patterson (New York Daily News) Pro-war, advocated aid to the Allies in the war Supported the Lend- Lease Act Prominent members: Governor Adlai Stevenson (IL) U.S. Representative Claude Pepper (FL) Hollywood screenwriter Philip Dunne Journalist William Allen White America First Committee Committee to Defend America (by Aiding the Allies)
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Conflict in the Nation Anti-war, advocated the isolationist policy and complete neutrality Aimed to enforce the Neutrality Acts Prominent members: Aviator.
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Conflict in the NationConflict in the Nation
Anti-war, advocated the isolationist policy and complete neutrality
Aimed to enforce the Neutrality Acts
Prominent members: Aviator Charles
Lindbergh Future President
Gerald Ford Publisher Joseph M.
Patterson (New York Daily News)
Pro-war, advocated aid to the Allies in the war
Supported the Lend-Lease Act
Prominent members: Governor Adlai
Stevenson (IL) U.S. Representative
Claude Pepper (FL) Hollywood
screenwriter Philip Dunne
Journalist William Allen White
America First Committee
Committee to Defend America (by
Aiding the Allies)
The Public OpinionThe Public OpinionAfter France’s defeat, Americans’ opinions about the war’s outcome began to shift. By July 1940, over 66% of Americans (from opinion polls) believed that Germany posed a direct threat to the U.S.
Congress responded with the Burke-Wadsworth Act in September 1940.Burke-Wadsworth Act: established
the first peacetime military draft (in U.S. history)
Poland Attacked: Sept. 1, 1939
Poland Attacked: Sept. 1, 1939
Blitzkrieg [“Lightening War”]
German Troops March into Warsaw
German Troops March into Warsaw
European Theater of Operations
European Theater of Operations
A Divided FranceA Divided France
Now Britain Is All Alone!Now Britain Is All Alone!
Great Britain.........................$31 billionSoviet Union..........................$11 billionFrance..................................$3 billionChina..................................$1.5 billionOther European......................$500 millionSouth America.......................$400 million
The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000
U. S. Lend-Lease Act,1941
U. S. Lend-Lease Act,1941
Battle of Britain:The “Blitz”
Battle of Britain:The “Blitz”
The London “Tube”:Air Raid Shelters during the
Blitz
The London “Tube”:Air Raid Shelters during the
Blitz
Battle of Stalingrad:Winter of 1942-1943
Battle of Stalingrad:Winter of 1942-1943
German Army Russian Army1,011,500 men 1,000,500 men
10,290 artillery guns
13,541 artillery guns
675 tanks 894 tanks
1,216 planes 1,115 planes
The North Africa Campaign:
The Battle of El Alamein, 1942
The North Africa Campaign:
The Battle of El Alamein, 1942 Gen. Ernst
Rommel,The “Desert Fox”
Gen. Bernard Law
Montgomery(“Monty”)
The Italian Campaign [“Operation Torch”] :
Europe’s “Soft Underbelly”
The Italian Campaign [“Operation Torch”] :
Europe’s “Soft Underbelly” Allies plan
assault on weakest Axis area - North Africa - Nov. 1942-May 1943
George S. Patton leads American troops
Germans trapped in Tunisia - surrender over 275,000 troops.
The Battle for Sicily: June, 1943
The Battle for Sicily: June, 1943
General George S. Patton
Declaration of WarDeclaration of WarPearl Harbor inspired a sense of unity among Americans.After the attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941, Congress approved FDR’s request for a declaration of war against Japan.A few days later, the U.S. also went to war against Germany and Italy.A view of the raid on
Pearl Harbor
Pacific Theater of Operations
Pacific Theater of Operations
U.S. Surrenders at Corregidor,
the Philippines [March, 1942]
U.S. Surrenders at Corregidor,
the Philippines [March, 1942]
Bataan Death March: April, 1942
Bataan Death March: April, 1942
76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles in the blazing heat to
POW camps in the Philippines.
Allied Counter-Offensive:“Island-Hopping”
Allied Counter-Offensive:“Island-Hopping”
Farthest Extent of Japanese Conquests
Farthest Extent of Japanese Conquests
Battle of Midway Island:June 4-6, 1942
Battle of Midway Island:June 4-6, 1942
Japanese Kamikaze Planes:
The Scourge of the South Pacific
Japanese Kamikaze Planes:
The Scourge of the South Pacific
Kamikaze Pilots
Suicide Bombers
Gen. MacArthur “Returns” to the
Philippines! [1944]
Gen. MacArthur “Returns” to the
Philippines! [1944]
US Marines on Mt. Surbachi,
Iwo Jima [Feb. 19, 1945]
US Marines on Mt. Surbachi,
Iwo Jima [Feb. 19, 1945]
Women In The War:Women In The War:World War IIWorld War II
Rosie the RiveterRosie the RiveterThe “ideal women worker” – loyal, efficient, patriotic, prettyA huge icon for women during World War II, and in American wartime propagandaInspired women to get involved in the wartime effort
Rosie the Riveter Rosie the Riveter (cont.)(cont.)
Rosie the RiveterLyrics by Redd Evans and John
Jacob Loeb, 1942
“All the day long,Whether rain or shine, She's a part of the assembly line.She's making history, Working for victory, Rosie the Riveter… …That little girl will do more than
aMale will do… …Rosie is protecting Charlie, Working overtime on the rivetingmachine……There's something true about, Red, white, and blue about, Rosie the Riveter.”
Norman Rockwell1943
The Domestic ViewThe Domestic View
Grow your own, Can your own
Make This Pledge: I Pay No More Than Top Legal Prices
The Domestic ViewThe Domestic ViewWomen were told to conserve in order to support the war effortCarry groceries instead of using car
Preserved tired rubber
Grow more food Increased food production, plus self-sufficiency
Sew and repair clothing rather than buying new clothes Save cloth for the troops
Raise money for and contribute to war bondsContribute morality
Military WomenMilitary WomenExcluded from combat positions
Some served doing traditional “women’s work” in military branches (i.e. cleaning and secretarial duties)
Many women became nurses, or used their nursing expertise to help in the war effort (i.e. Red Cross, military nursing units)
Military WomenMilitary Women
Enlist in the WAVESJohn Falter
More Nurses are Needed!
Military Women Military Women Women in the U.S. military during World War II:Army: 140,000Navy: 100,000Marines: 23,000Coast Guard: 13,000Air Force: 1,000Army and Navy Nurse Corps: 74,000
Wartime Effort:Wartime Effort:World War IIWorld War II
Support the WarSupport the War
“Don’t Let That Shadow Touch Them”Issued by the
Treasury Department
“United We Win”Alexander Liberman
1943
War Production War Production BoardBoard
Established January 1942 by executive order
Converted America’s peacetime economy into maximum wartime production
Directed war productionSupervised the production of over