Conditionals 20090423

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The Key

Miguel RodríguezJosé A. Garabán

Antonio E. Fernández

How to use the

English condition

als

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Introduction

Conditionals are formed by two clauses: the if clause and the main clause

Conditionals are used to talk about past, present or future,

They can have different meanings: certainty, regret, criticism, possibility, etc.and...

...are very similar to Spanish

If I had a million dollars, I would buy a house

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Zero Conditiona

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Certaninty

The Zero conditional is a structure used to talk about general truths.

Things that will always happen under certain

conditions.

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StructureZero conditional

If + subject + simple present

Subject + simple present

If you heat it at 100ºC, water boils

Water boils If you heat it at 100ºC

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ExamplesZero conditional

If it rains, the grass gets wet Certaninty expression

Wood doesn't burn if there is no air Scientific fact: certainty

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First Conditiona

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Possible situationspresent or

future

The first conditional is a structure used to talk

about possible situations in the present or in the

future.

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StructureFirst conditional

If + subject + present

Subject + will + verb

If you study hard, You will pass the test

You will pass the test If you study hard

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ExamplesFirst conditional

If it's sunny, we'll go to the park Maybe it’ll be sunny: possible

If you cook the supper, I'll wash the dishes.

Maybe you will cook the supper: possible

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Second Conditiona

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Unreal situationspresent or

future

The second conditional is a structure used to talk about unreal situations in the present or in the

future.

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StructureSecond conditional

If + subject + simple past

Subject + would + verb

If I had a million dollars, I would buy a house

I would buy a house If I had a million dollars

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ExamplesSecond conditional

If I were you, I would go I’m not you, this is unreal

She would be sad if Jan left Jan didn’t leave, it’s unreal

If I had wings, I would fly I don’t have wings: unreal

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Third Conditiona

l

Unreal situationsIn the past

The third conditional is a structure used to talk

about unreal situations in the past.

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StructureThird conditional

If + subject + past perfect

Subject + would have+ verb + past participle

If I had a studied harder, I would have passed the exam

I would have passed the exam

If I had studied harder

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ExamplesThird conditional

If it had snowed, we could have gone skying

Regret expression

If you would have saved money, you could have bought it

Criticism expression

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Recap

Conditional Meaning TimeZero Certainty Present

First Possibility Present or future

Second Impossibility Present or future

Third Impossibility Past