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E-1-i July 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page E-1 Concrete Properties Considerations ..................................................... E-1-1 E-1.1 Key Concepts ....................................................................... E-1-1 E-1.2 General Considerations ........................................................ E-1-1 E-1.2.1 Type of Concrete Construction .......................... E-1-1 E-1.2.2 Date of Construction .......................................... E-1-4 E-1.3 Compressive Strength .......................................................... E-1-5 E-1.3.1 Strain Rate Effects ............................................. E-1-7 E-1.3.2 Sulfate Attack..................................................... E-1-7 E-1.4 Elastic Properties ................................................................. E-1-9 E-1.4.1 Strain Rate Effects ............................................. E-1-9 E-1.5 Tensile Strength ................................................................. E-1-10 E-1.5.1 Direct Tension Test .......................................... E-1-11 E-1.5.2 Flexure Test ..................................................... E-1-12 E-1.5.3 Splitting Tension Test ...................................... E-1-15 E-1.5.4 Correlations ...................................................... E-1-18 E-1.5.5 Strain Rate Effects ........................................... E-1-20 E-1.5.6 Lift Joint Strength ............................................ E-1-21 E-1.5.7 Alkali Aggregate Reaction............................... E-1-23 E-1.5.8 Sulfate Attack................................................... E-1-24 E-1.5.9 Best Practices in Estimating Tensile Strength ...................................................... E-1-24 E-1.6 Shear Strength .................................................................... E-1-25 E-1.6.1 Strain Rate Effects ........................................... E-1-29 E-1.6.2 Alkali Aggregate Reaction and Sulfate Attack ......................................................... E-1-30 E-1.7 Using Concrete Properties for Finite Element Analyses ......................................................................... E-1-30 E-1.7.1 Column Behavior ............................................. E-1-31 E-1.7.2 Flexure Failure (Beam is Under Reinforced) ................................................ E-1-36 E-1.7.3 Concrete Crushing Failure (Beam is at Balanced Condition) .................................. E-1-43 E-1.7.4 Shear Failure .................................................... E-1-47 E-1.7.5 Concrete Test Results Summary ...................... E-1-48 E-1.8 Using Concrete Properties for Risk Analyses.................... E-1-48 E-1.9 Example Problem ............................................................... E-1-49 E-1.9.1 Possible Solution.............................................. E-1-49 E-1.10 References .......................................................................... E-1-50 E-1.10.1 Other Resources ............................................... E-1-53
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