IN FULFILLMENT OF PROJECT IN MATERIALS TESTING &
CONSTRUCTION
CONCRETE PRODUCTS: INDUSTRIAL USES, TESTING &
SPECIFICATIONS
PREPARED TO:ENGR. ADOLPHCOLLIE Z. TANTE
PREPARED BY: ALVAREZ, ARJEL CATU, CHARLIEDAEP, JOEMARIDULAY,
MARK JOHN KINGNUDALO, SHARLENE GRACEQUE, LEAH MARIZREMENTINA, JOYCE
DIANNE
CONCRETE PRODUCTS AND ITS INDUSTRIAL USESConcreteis
acompositematerial composed of water, coarse granular material
embedded in a hard matrix of material that fills the space among
the aggregate particles and glues them together.
Concrete Productsare materials that were manufactured in a
certain industry in order to meet the necessary requirements of any
particular industry. These are products that was engineered and
formulated to resist natural forces that may act where it will be
installed or placed or sometimes for architectural purposes
only
MOST COMMON CONCRETE PRODUCTS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Load Bearing Hollow Blocks or Ordinary Hollow BlocksConcrete
blocks are made fromcastconcrete, i.e.Portland cementandaggregate,
usuallysandand finegravelfor high-density blocks. Lower density
blocks may useindustrial wastesas an aggregate.Concrete blocks may
be produced with hollow centers to reduce weight or
improveinsulation. The use of blockwork allows structures to be
built in the traditionalmasonrystyle with layers of staggered
blocks.These concrete product is manufactured in various sizes and
comes into two form such as low density and high density
blocks.
Ventilation & Decorative BlocksThese are type of concrete
product that was commonly used for architectural purposes only not
considering the ability to carry heavy loads and resist the forces
from nature.This type was marked with decorative curves, colors and
shapes for satisfaction of aesthetic requirement or to help in
ventilation of a certain building
Paving Blocks / Concrete BricksAbrickis ablockor a single unit
of a kneaded clay-bearing soil, sand and lime, or concrete
material, fire hardened or air dried, used in masonryconstruction.
The fired color of clay bricks is influenced by the chemical and
mineral content of the raw materials, the firing temperature, and
the atmosphere in the kiln.
Reinforced Concrete Culvert PipesAculvertis a structure that
allows water to flow under a road, railroad, trail, or similar
obstruction. Typically embedded so as to be surrounded by soil, a
culvert may be made from a pipe,reinforced concrete. Culverts may
be used to form a bridge-like structure to carry traffic. Culverts
come in many sizes and shapes including round, elliptical,
flat-bottomed, pear-shaped, and box-like constructions.
Pre-Cast CurbAcurb(US English), orkerb(UK English), is the edge
where a raisedpavement/sidewalk/footpath,road median/central
reservation, orroad shoulder/hard shouldermeets an unraised street
or other roadway.Nowadays, even the curb of the highways and
sidewalks were prefabricated in order to have the ease in
installation manner, It is manufactured in a certain length and
connected by simple mortar paste and concrete mix.
Pre-Cast Manhole SystemAmanholeis the top opening to an
undergroundutility vaultused to house an access point for making
connections or performing maintenance on underground and
buriedpublic utilityand other services including
sewers,telephone,electricity,storm drainsandgas.Concrete manhole is
widely used as main access for sewer lines and underground
construction like mining, tunnel and the like.
Louver BlocksLouver Block is used for ventilation of a certain
establishment specially manufacturing and production Industry.It
was mainly used for exhaust for air circulation.
Hollow Concrete SlabsAhollow core slab, also known as avoided
slaborhollow core plank, is aprecastslab ofprestressed
concretetypically used in the construction offloorsin
multi-storyapartment buildings. Theprecast concreteslab has tubular
voids extending the full length of the slab, typically with a
diameter equal to the 2/3-3/4 of the slab. This makes the slab much
lighter than a massive floor slabs of equal thickness or strength.
Reduced weight is important because of transportation cost and less
cost of material
CONCRETE PRODUCTS & ACTUAL TESTCONCRETE TESTINGIt is a
process by which a certain concrete products undergo or underwent a
physical, chemical or any related test to discover or analyze the
limit of a certain material when induced in actual use. Test
results was verified by technicians and service engineers to ensure
stability of product and accuracy of the test made.
A. CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS / MASONRY UNITASTM C140Standard Test
Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related
UnitsThese test methods provide various testing procedures commonly
used for evaluating characteristics of concrete masonry units and
related concrete units. Methods are provided for sampling,
measurement of dimensions, compressive strength, absorption, unit
weight (density), moisture content, flexural load, and ballast
weight. Not all methods are applicable to all unit types
ACTUAL TEST METHODOBJECTIVES: Learn how to conduct the
compressive testing of Concrete Hollow Blocks / Masonry Unit based
from the Standard Specifications & Basis provided. Test the
compressive limit of the provided sampleMATERIALS / EQUIPMENT:
Compression Machine Weighing Scale Tape Measure Laboratory Caliper
PPEs ( Gloves, Goggles, Lab Gown ) Chalk Stone for Marking of
Sample CHB Sample Clip Boards w/ provided data sheetPROCEDURES:
1. Measurement of the samples Length, Width, 2. Weighing &
marking of the sample face & web thickness.
3. Preparation of sample and setting up in the compression 4.
Imposition of Load through compression machine.testing machine.
5. Testing the compressive limit of sample
IMPORTANT NOTES:
Using of PPE is a must and should not be set aside. Do not make
unnecessary thing in the lab. Proper recording of data should be
exercise. Operating of the Compression Machine should be done by
authorized person who knowledgeably knows how to. Observe
Cleanliness & Orderliness in the Laboratory.
COMPRESSION TEST TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS & TEST
RESULTS:
B. PAVING BLOCKS / CONCRETE BRICKSASTM C67Standard Test Methods
for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile.These test
methods cover procedures for the sampling and testing of brick and
structural clay tile. Although not necessarily applicable to all
types of units, tests include modulus of rupture, compressive
strength, absorption, saturation coefficient, effect of freezing
and thawing, efflorescence, initial rate of absorption and
determination of weight, size, warpage, length change, and void
area.OBJECTIVES: Learn how to conduct the compressive testing of
Paving Blocks / Concrete Bricks based from the Standard
Specifications & Basis provided. Test the compressive limit of
the provided sampleMATERIALS / EQUIPMENT: Compression Machine
Weighing Scale Tape Measure Laboratory Caliper PPEs ( Gloves,
Goggles, Lab Gown ) Chalk Stone for Marking of Sample Brick Sample
Clip Boards w/ provided data sheet Temporary Mold (for capping of
Bricks) Liquefied Sample ( precooked/liquefied in pressure sulfur
cooker) Laddle (for scooping of the liquefied sulfur)
PROCEDURES:
1. Measurement of the samples Length, Width, 2. Weighing &
marking of the sample& thickness.
3. Mold preparation for easy to hardened liquefied sulfur for
top & bottom capping
NOTE:Due to unevenness of the bricks sample provided it is
necessary to provide capping on the top & bottom of the brick
sample to fill the void of the surface for equal distribution of
the imposed loads during testing in the aid of liquefied
sulfur.
4. Placement of sample in mold for top capping 5. Pouring of the
sulfur on the mold for top capping.
6. Preparation for bottom capping 7. Demolding when cured, 5
mins. curing time is enough but it should be also observed because
it depends on the temp.
8. Placement of sample in compression machine. 9. Testing for
Compressive limit
IMPORTANT NOTES:
Using of PPE is a must and should not be set aside. Do not make
unnecessary thing in the lab. Proper recording of data should be
exercise. Operating of the Compression Machine should be done by
authorized person who knowledgeably knows how to. Observe
Cleanliness & Orderliness in the Laboratory.
COMPRESSION TEST TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS & TEST
RESULTS:
C. REINFORCED CONCRETE CULVERT PIPEASTM C497MStandard Test
Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile [Metric]These
test methods cover testing of concrete pipe, manhole sections, and
tile. The test methods described are used in production testing and
acceptance testing to evaluate the properties provided for in the
specifications.
OBJECTIVES: Learn how to conduct the three edge bearing test for
Reinforced Concrete Culvert Pipe based from the Standard
Specifications & Basis provided. Test the loading capacity of
the provided sample
MATERIALS / EQUIPMENT: Three edge bearing tester / machine Tape
Measure Laboratory Caliper PPEs ( Gloves, Goggles, Lab Gown ) Chalk
Stone for Marking of Sample RCCP Sample Clip Boards w/ provided
data sheet Temporary Mold (for capping of Bricks) Impact tool
PROCEDURES:
1. Measurement of the samples Length, Width, 2. Preparation of
Sample for Loading& thickness.
3. Testing Proper & Tester Operation 4. Compressive strength
limit attainment.
5. Unloading of sample 6. Hammering & Investigation of
internal reinforcement
IMPORTANT NOTES:
Using of PPE is a must and should not be set aside. Do not make
unnecessary thing in the lab. Proper recording of data should be
exercise. Operating of the Machine should be done by authorized
person who knowledgeably knows how to. Observe Cleanliness &
Orderliness in the Laboratory.
COMPRESSION TEST TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS & TEST
RESULTS:
MATERIAL TESTING & CONSTRUCTIONCONCRETE PRODUCTS