Concrete Fundamentals & Troubleshooting Guide

8/16/2019 Concrete Fundamentals & Troubleshooting Guide

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C O N C R E T E P R O D U C T SC O N C R E T E P R O D U C T S

HANSON CONCRETEHANSON CONCRETE

PHILIPPINES PHILIPPINES

INCORPORATED INCORPORATED


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MAGANDANG UMAGAMAGANDANG UMAGASA INYONG LAHAT SA INYONG LAHAT !!


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CONCRETECONCRETEFUNDAMENTALS &FUNDAMENTALS &

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDETROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE


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Presentation SuarPresentation Suar

FUNDAMENTALS OF CONCRETEFUNDAMENTALS OF CONCRETE

– CEMENT CEMENT

– AGGREGATESAGGREGATES

– "ATER"ATER

– MINERAL ADDITI#ESMINERAL ADDITI#ES

– ADMI$TURESADMI$TURES

COMMON CONCRETECOMMON CONCRETE

PROBLEMPROBLEM

–FRESH CONCRETEFRESH CONCRETE

– HARDENED CONCRETEHARDENED CONCRETE


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CONCRETE IS A MI$ OF%CONCRETE IS A MI$ OF%

eenteent

a''re'atesa''re'ates

–CoarseCoarse

– FineFine

(ater(ater

inera) a**iti+esinera) a**iti+es

,eia) a*i-tures,eia) a*i-tures


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. o/ Conrete Mi- 0 #o)ue. o/ Conrete Mi- 0 #o)ue

Cement

16%

Admixtures

1%

Water

20%

Aggregates

62%

Air

1%


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. o/ Conrete Cost. o/ Conrete Cost

Cement

67%

Admixtures10%

Water

%

Aggregates

20% Air

0%


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eenteent

is t,e 0in*er 1 ')ue t,at ,o)*s it a)) to'et,eris t,e 0in*er 1 ')ue t,at ,o)*s it a)) to'et,er

is t,e ost e-2ensi+e onrete in're*ientis t,e ost e-2ensi+e onrete in're*ient

'reat) in/)uene t,e 2ro2erties o/ onrete'reat) in/)uene t,e 2ro2erties o/ onrete


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T2es o/ Port)an* CeentT2es o/ Port)an* Ceent

Typical compositionTypical composition

AST! T"#eAST! T"#e C$ara%teristi%C$ara%teristi% CACA C&A'C&A' CSCS C2SC2S

T"#e (T"#e ( N)rma* +OPC,N)rma* +OPC, 1111 -- .0.0 2&2&

T"#e ((T"#e (( !)derate!)derate .. 11 &2&2

T"#e (((T"#e ((( /ig$ Ear*" Strengt$/ig$ Ear*" Strengt$ -- 6060 11

T"#e (T"#e ( )3 /eat )4 /"drati)n.)3 /eat )4 /"drati)n. 1212 2626 .0.0

T"#e T"#e Su*#$ate ResistingSu*#$ate Resisting && &0&0 &0&0


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COMPOSITION OF CEMENT COMPOSITION OF CEMENT

CompoundCompound

C3A - TricalciumC3A - Tricalcium

AluminateAluminate

C4AF - Tetra CalciumC4AF - Tetra Calcium

AluminoerriteAluminoerrite

C3S - TricalciumC3S - Tricalcium

SilicateSilicate

C!S - "icalciumC!S - "icalcium

SilicateSilicate

Tie o/ ReationTie o/ Reation

ImmediatelyImmediately

! - 3 #ours! - 3 #ours

3 - 4 #ours3 - 4 #ours

$4 - $% days$4 - $% days

FuntionFuntion

-- Minor ontri0ution toMinor ontri0ution to stren't, an* initia) setstren't, an* initia) set 3 Contri0ute to ,eat )i0eration3 Contri0ute to ,eat )i0eration

3 Sae as a0o+e3 Sae as a0o+e

3 Ma4or ontri0ution to initia)53 Ma4or ontri0ution to initia)5

3 Contri0ute to ,eat )i0eration3 Contri0ute to ,eat )i0eration

3 Ma4or ontri0ution to stren't, 8 673 Ma4or ontri0ution to stren't, 8 67

*as*as

3 Contri0ute to stren't, a/ter 9: 33 Contri0ute to stren't, a/ter 9: 39; *as9; *as


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a''re'atesa''re'ates

Har*nessHar*ness

S,a2e 3 roun*e* 1 an'u)arS,a2e 3 roun*e* 1 an'u)ar

Gra*in'Gra*in'

re*ues tota) +o)ue o/ +oi*sre*ues tota) +o)ue o/ +oi*s

Gra*in' a//ets%Gra*in' a//ets%

(or


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Test o/ a''re'atesTest o/ a''re'ates

C,araterC,araterParti)es s,a2e & Sur/ae

te-ture

Gra*in'

C,eia) Sta0i)it

Or'ani I2urities

Resistane to A0rasion

A0sor2tion & Sur/ae Moisture

Re)ati+e *ensit =S>G?

Si'ni/iane"or


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A''re'ate S,a2e & Te-tureA''re'ate S,a2e & Te-ture

a//et 2ro2erties o/ /res, onretea//et 2ro2erties o/ /res, onrete

– rou',3te-ture*5 an'u)ar5 e)on'ate* an* /)at 2arti)es ,a+e 'reaterrou',3te-ture*5 an'u)ar5 e)on'ate* an* /)at 2arti)es ,a+e 'reatersur/ae area an* reuire ore eent 2aste t,an *o soot, an*sur/ae area an* reuire ore eent 2aste t,an *o soot, an*roun* a''re'atesroun* a''re'ates

– an'u)ar an* 2oor) 'ra*e* a''re'ates an 0e ,ar*er to 2)ae an*an'u)ar an* 2oor) 'ra*e* a''re'ates an 0e ,ar*er to 2)ae an*/inis,/inis,

Genera))%Genera))% roun*e* 'ra+e) a


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Potentia) Mi- Pro0)esPotentia) Mi- Pro0)es

(it, Fine A''re'ate(it, Fine A''re'ate Fine San* or o+ersan*e* i-%Fine San* or o+ersan*e* i-%

– inrease* (ater *ean*inrease* (ater *ean*

– sti


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(ater(ater Pota0)e an* /ree /ro ,)ori*es an* su)2,atesPota0)e an* /ree /ro ,)ori*es an* su)2,ates

In)u*es a)) (ater /ro%In)u*es a)) (ater /ro%

0at, (ater 1 (ater a**e* at site0at, (ater 1 (ater a**e* at site

a''re'ates oisture ontenta''re'ates oisture ontent

a*i-tures =sa)) aounta*i-tures =sa)) aount??

Contro)s onrete stren't,Contro)s onrete stren't,

Contro)s onrete (or


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Minera) A**iti+esMinera) A**iti+es

Poo)anPoo)an souresoure

/) as,/) as, oa) /ire* 2o(er 2)antsoa) /ire* 2o(er 2)ants

0)ast /urnae s)a'0)ast /urnae s)a' iron & stee) in*ustriesiron & stee) in*ustries

irosi)iairosi)ia si)ion eta) in*ustriessi)ion eta) in*ustries


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Poo)ani ReationPoo)ani Reation

CeentCeent "ater"ater Ca)iu Si)iate H*rate =G)ue?Ca)iu Si)iate H*rate =G)ue?

Ca)iu H*ro-i*e =)ie?Ca)iu H*ro-i*e =)ie?

Ca)iu H*ro-i*e =)ie? Ca)iu H*ro-i*e =)ie? Poo)anPoo)an "ater"ater Ca)iuCa)iu

Si)iate H*rate =G)ue?Si)iate H*rate =G)ue?


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",at is an A*i-ture",at is an A*i-ture

JJateria)s ot,er t,an (ater5 a''re'ates an* eent5ateria)s ot,er t,an (ater5 a''re'ates an* eent5

(,i, are a**e* to a 0at, o/ onrete *urin' i-in' to(,i, are a**e* to a 0at, o/ onrete *urin' i-in' too*i/ soe 2ro2ert o/ t,e onreteKo*i/ soe 2ro2ert o/ t,e onreteK


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A*i-tures 'i+e%A*i-tures 'i+e%

EonoEono

Dura0i)itDura0i)it

Construta0i)itConstruta0i)it

A)) resu)tin' inA)) resu)tin' in #ALUE#ALUE /or t,e En'ineer5 Contrator an*/or t,e En'ineer5 Contrator an*

Rea* Mi- Su22)ierRea* Mi- Su22)ier


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S2eia) attention to%S2eia) attention to%

onrete i- *esi'nonrete i- *esi'n

retar*ationretar*ation

(or


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Coon 2ro0)es (it,Coon 2ro0)es (it,onreteonrete


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FRESH CONCRETEFRESH CONCRETE


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BLEEDINGBLEEDING

CAUSESCAUSES

– COARSE SANDCOARSE SAND

– POORLY GRADED SANDPOORLY GRADED SAND

PRE#ENTION1CORRECTIONPRE#ENTION1CORRECTION

– FINER SANDFINER SAND

– INCREASE . OF SANDINCREASE . OF SAND

– INTRODUCE AIRINTRODUCE AIR

ENTRAINMENT 1 FLY ASHENTRAINMENT 1 FLY ASH

TO SUPPLEMENT SANDTO SUPPLEMENT SAND

FINESFINES


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SEGREGATIONSEGREGATION

CAUSESCAUSES

– E$CESSI#ELY "ET MI$E$CESSI#ELY "ET MI$

– O#ER #IBRATIONO#ER #IBRATION

– E$CESSI#E DROP INE$CESSI#E DROP IN

PLACINGPLACING


– LO"ER SLUMPLO"ER SLUMP

– MINIMIE #IBRATIONMINIMIE #IBRATION

– REDUCE FREE DROPREDUCE FREE DROP


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LO" YIELDLO" YIELD

CAUSESCAUSES

– INCORRECT BATCHINCORRECT BATCH

"EIGHTS"EIGHTS

– LO" AIR CONTENT LO" AIR CONTENT

CORRECTION1PRE#ENTIONCORRECTION1PRE#ENTION

– SCALE ACCURACYSCALE ACCURACY

– ACCURACY OF S>G> OFACCURACY OF S>G> OFAGGREGATESAGGREGATES

– INCREASE AIR CONTENT INCREASE AIR CONTENT


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HARDENED CONCRETEHARDENED CONCRETE


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LO" CYLINDER STRENGTHLO" CYLINDER STRENGTH

CAUSESCAUSES

– POOR MOLDING ORPOOR MOLDING OR

HANDLING OF CYLINDERSHANDLING OF CYLINDERS

– E$POSURE OF CYLINDERSE$POSURE OF CYLINDERS

TO HIGH OR LO"TO HIGH OR LO"

TEMPERATURE IN FIELDTEMPERATURE IN FIELD


– MOLD CYLINDERS ACCORDINGMOLD CYLINDERS ACCORDING

TO ASTM STANDARDTO ASTM STANDARD

– STORE AT 73;7 DEGREE C ONSTORE AT 73;7 DEGREE C ON

OB SITE FOR 9 DAY5 THEN OB SITE FOR 9 DAY5 THEN

DAYS =OR UNTIL TEST? INDAYS =OR UNTIL TEST? IN

LABORATORYLABORATORY


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DUSTINGDUSTING

CAUSESCAUSES

– "ET MI$"ET MI$

– O#ER TRO"ELLINGO#ER TRO"ELLING

– RAPID DRYINGRAPID DRYING

PRE#ENTIONPRE#ENTION

CORRECTIONCORRECTION

– REDUCE "ATER CONTENT REDUCE "ATER CONTENT


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SURFACE CRAINGSURFACE CRAING

CAUSESCAUSES

– "ET MI$"ET MI$

– O#ER TRO"ELINGO#ER TRO"ELING


PRE#ENTION ORPRE#ENTION OR


– REDUCE "ATER CONTENT REDUCE "ATER CONTENT

– LATER AND LESSLATER AND LESSTRO"ELINGTRO"ELING

– MOIST CURINGMOIST CURING

C O N C R E T E P R O D U C T S


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P)asti S,rin


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SHRINAGE CRACSSHRINAGE CRACS

CAUSESCAUSES

– ABSENCE OF OINTSABSENCE OF OINTS


– "ET MI$"ET MI$

– LAC OF CURINGLAC OF CURING



– OINTS AT 7 3 SPACINGOINTS AT 7 3 SPACING

– OINT AT CHANGES INOINT AT CHANGES INDIMENSION OF SLABDIMENSION OF SLAB

– OINTS AROUND EDGE OFOINTS AROUND EDGE OF

SLAB5COLUMNS5ETC>SLAB5COLUMNS5ETC>

– REINFORCING MESH =HOLDSREINFORCING MESH =HOLDS

CRACS TOGETHER?CRACS TOGETHER?

– 3 DAYS MOIST CURING 3 DAYS MOIST CURING



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Re/erene% En'ineerin' Bu))etin No> 9Re/erene% En'ineerin' Bu))etin No> 9

Restraine* s,rin


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Fators T,at A//et Ear) Cra


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Miniie P)asti S,rin


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SETTLEMENT SETTLEMENT

CAUSESCAUSES

– POOR COMPACTION OFPOOR COMPACTION OF

SUBGRADESUBGRADE

– HIGH E$PENSI#EHIGH E$PENSI#E

SUBGRADESUBGRADE



– COMPACT SUBGRADECOMPACT SUBGRADE

– COMPACTED : 3 KCOMPACTED : 3 K

GRANULAR SUB3BASEGRANULAR SUB3BASE

– PRE#ENT BOND BET"EENPRE#ENT BOND BET"EEN

FLOOR SLAB AND "ALLS5FLOOR SLAB AND "ALLS5

COLUMNS5FOOTINGS5ETC>COLUMNS5FOOTINGS5ETC>



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HONEYCOMBHONEYCOMB

CAUSESCAUSES

– INADE@UATE SPADINGINADE@UATE SPADING

– INADE@UATE #IBRATIONINADE@UATE #IBRATION

– SEGREGATIONSEGREGATION

– POORLY PROPORTIONEDPOORLY PROPORTIONED

MI$MI$



– INCREASE SPADING ORINCREASE SPADING OR

#IBRATION#IBRATION

– INCREASE MORTAR CONTENT INCREASE MORTAR CONTENT

– DEPOSIT CONCRETE AT MOREDEPOSIT CONCRETE AT MORE

FRE@UENT INTER#ALSFRE@UENT INTER#ALS

– E$CESSI#E "ATER LOSSE$CESSI#E "ATER LOSS

THROUGH FORM OPENINGTHROUGH FORM OPENING

– USE AIR3ENTRAINEDUSE AIR3ENTRAINED

CONCRETECONCRETE


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