CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

Chapter 2 Concrete Construction Materials CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY MANUAL • JUNE 2013 2-i CHAPTER 2 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS Table of Contents Concrete Construction Materials ............................................................................................... 2-1 Cementitious Materials ................................................................................................................. 2-1 Portland Cement ........................................................................................................................... 2-4 Portland Cement Types ................................................................................................................. 2-5 Blended Portland Cements ................................................................................................................ 2-6 Portland Cement Manufacturing Process ..................................................................................... 2-7 Particle Size and Appearance ....................................................................................................... 2-8 Specific Gravity ....................................................... ..................................................................... 2-8 Hot Cement ....................................... ........................................................................................... 2-8 Supplementary Cementitious Materials ........................................................................................ 2-8 Fly Ash ........................................................................................................................................ 2-11 Metakaolin ...................................................................................................................................... 2-12 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ......................................................................................... 2-13 Silica Fume ................................................................................................................................. 2-14 Rice Hull Ash ................................................................................................................................. 2-15 Specialty Cementitious Materials .............................................................................................. 2-16 Type I, Type II or Type III (White) Portland Cement ....................................................................... 2-16 Magnesium Phosphate Cements ................................................................................................. 2-16 Calcium Aluminate Cements ...................................................................................................... 2-18 Aggregate ................................................................................................................................... 2-18 Contamination ................................................................................................................................. 2-19 Moisture ...................................................................................................................................... 2-19 Shape and Texture ...................................................................................................................... 2-20 Gradation ...................................................................................................................................... 2-20 Alkali-Silica Reactivity ......................... ..................................................................................... 2-20 Water ........................................................................................................................................... 2-24 Concrete Admixtures .................................................................................................................. 2-26 Type AE, Air-Entraining Admixtures ......................................................................................... 2-28 Air-Entrainment Advantages ...................................................................................................... 2-29 Air-Entrainment Disadvantages .................................................................................................. 2-29 The Air-Entrainment Process ...................................................................................................... 2-30 Dosage ........................................................................................................................................... 2-31

CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

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