CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE HUMAN PERSON IN SOCIAL …HUMAN PERSON IN SOCIAL SCIENCES 18-22 November 2005 Casina Pio IV Sumptum est nomen personae a personando,eo quod in tragoediis et

THE PONTIFICAL ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

VATICAN CITY 2005

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Introduction p. Introduction p. Vorstellung p. Introduzione p. Programme p.

List of Participants p. Participant Biographies p. Holy Masses p. Memorandum p. 1419191714

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XI Plenary Session

CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THEHUMAN PERSON IN SOCIAL SCIENCES

18-22 November 2005Casina Pio IV

Sumptum est nomen personae a personando, eo quod in tragoediis et comoediis recitatores sibi

ponebant quamdam Larvam ad repraesentandum illum cujus gesta narrabant decantando

(St Thomas Aquinas, In I Sent., d. 23, q. 1, a. 1)

The name person comes from personate because in the tragedies and comediesthe actors wore a mask to represent the person whose deeds they were singing

The revelation in Christ of the mystery of God as Trinitarianlove is at the same time the revelation of the vocation of thehuman person to love. This revelation sheds light on everyaspect of the personal dignity and freedom of men andwomen, and on the depths of their social nature. ‘Being per-son in the image and likeness of God … involves existingin a relationship, in relation to the other “I”’,1 because Godhimself, one and triune, is the communion of the Father,of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. In the communion of love that is God, and in which theThree Divine Persons mutually love one another and are theOne God, the human person is called to discover the originand goal of his existence and of history. The Council fathers,in the Pastoral Constitution Gaudium et Spes, teach that‘the Lord Jesus Christ, when praying to the Father “thatthey may all be one … as we are one” (Jn 17:21-22), hasopened up new horizons closed to human reason by im-plying that there is a certain parallel between the union ex-isting among the divine Persons and the union of the chil-dren of God in truth and love. It follows, then, that if manis the only creature on earth that God has willed for its ownsake, man can fully discover his true self only in a sinceregiving of himself (cf. Lk 17:33)’.2

Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church, § 34

1 John Paul II, Apostolic Letter Mulieris Dignitatem, 7, AAS 80 (1998), 1664.2 Second Vatican Council, Pastoral Constitution Gaudium et Spes, 24, AAS58 (1966), 1045.

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The Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences willhold its eleventh Plenary Session at the Vati-can from 18 to 22 November on ‘Conceptual-

ization of the Human Person in Social Sciences’.Most of the 33 Academicians, coming from all overthe world, will participate, together with invited ex-perts on various aspects of the topic. The confer-ence has been organised by the Academy’s formerPresident, Professor Edmond Malinvaud of the Col-lège de France.Since its founding by Pope John Paul II in 1994, theAcademy has chosen to focus on four major themes:human work, democracy, globalisation and intergen-erational solidarity. Conferences and studies devotedto these topics have resulted in several publicationsthat have helped to deepen understanding in a man-ner relevant for the teaching of the Church.The subject chosen for this year’s Plenary Session ismore methodological and philosophical than thoseexamined on previous occasions. Two considera-tions led to this choice. In the first place, method-ologies are so much debated within the social sci-ences that the Academy, sooner or later, had to con-sider what to say on such issues. In the secondplace, the centrality of the human person in Catholicsocial doctrine makes it incumbent upon the Acade-my to examine the extent to which teachings of thevarious social sciences are consistent with Christiananthropology. In keeping with the Academy’s custom to begin itsstudy of each new topic with an examination ofCatholic social teaching on the question, the confer-ence will open on 18 November with a paper byH.Em. Cardinal Angelo Scola on ‘Christian Anthro-pology’. This will be the second time that the Patri-arch of Venice has addressed the Academy, his firstcontribution having taken place in 2003 when he par-ticipated in a forum marking the completion of theAcademy’s programme on the theme of human work.Recognising that this year’s theme extends beyondthe social sciences, the Academy solicited three con-tributions from philosophers. In the opening sessionon 18 November, H.Em. Cardinal Georges Cottierwill speak on ‘Threats to the Person’. On Saturday 19November Academician Rocco Buttiglione will givea paper on ‘The Human Person in the Philosophy ofJohn Paul II’. On Sunday 20 November Professor En-rico Berti of the University of Padua will examine‘The Classical Notion of the Person in Today’s Philo-sophical Debates’. He will trace the long-acceptedclassical notion through the critique beginning in theseventeenth century to its revival in the late twenti-

eth century. He will argue that the classical notionremains topical both in philosophical debates and inpopular ways of thinking. Four contributions will examine how law and politi-cal science conceptualise the person. AcademicianPaul Kirchhof will speak on ‘The Idea of Human Dig-nity at the Center of Modern Constitutional States’.Since he will not be able to be present, his paper willbe presented and commented on by AcademicianProfessor Krzysztof Skubiszewski. In German-speak-ing countries, where this idea is the basic norm forconstitutions as well as for human rights, Kirchhofwill argue that the absoluteness of the demand fordignity meets with increasing difficulties when it isconfronted with conflicts among values, the volatili-ty of popular will, and the constraints on judges whoare called to resolve conflicts. On Saturday 19 No-vember the Academy’s President Mary Ann Glendonwill analyse ‘Concepts of the Person in AmericanLaw’. She will argue that, in contrast to the Romano-Germanic tradition, the founders of the Republicsaw liberty rather than dignity as central to the con-stitutional scheme, and that they accepted a more in-dividualistic concept of personhood. Over time, thesystem’s individualism and libertarianism haveposed difficulties for the original understanding ofliberty as restrained by law and custom. ProfessorFrancesco Casavola of the University of Naples willfollow on Sunday 20 November, speaking on the top-ic, ‘From Roman Law to European Law’. He will ar-gue that, when considering the revived influence ofRoman law starting in the seventeenth century, a dis-tinction must be made between the purely culturalrole of the ‘Romanistic tradition’ and its dogmaticrole as providing a corpus of legal norms. This sec-ond role did not last beyond 1900, when national lawbecame dominant. A further ‘distancing’ is now oc-curring in the difficult process of creating a truly Eu-ropean law. On Tuesday 22 November AcademicianWilfrido Villacorta will complete the geographicaloutlook with an examination of ‘The Human Personin Theravada Buddhism and Islam: Implications forGovernance in Southeast Asia’.The debate will also turn to the concept of the per-son in sociology. In ‘What Make Us Tick? Interest,Passion and Reason’, on Friday 18 November Profes-sor Jon Elster of Columbia University analyses thepsychology of motivations and actions. Some actionsare visceral: faced with an urge to react we have nochoice; others result from considered rationalchoice. Elster suggests that it is in some respects ap-propriate to think of a triangle: interest, passion, rea-

INTRODUCTIONEDMOND MALINVAUD, MARY ANN GLENDON

Conceptualizationof the Human Person

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Conceptualization of the Human Person in Social Sciences Introduction

son, and ventures to say that interest and passion of-ten show a certain deference to reason. With his pa-per on ‘Persons: Points of Condensation in a Sea ofLiving Interactions’, John Shotter, Emeritus Profes-sor of the University of New Hampshire, will presenthis ‘Social Ecology’ approach, which emphasises theconstraints of the social environment on the reflec-tions of people. This approach will lead him to con-clude that the person is a prospective concept: stand-ing as witness of the surrounding society, the personis ready to respond in adapting her or his behaviour. The study of sociology will resume on Saturday 19November. In ‘Positioning Theory’ Professor Ro-mano Harré of Georgetown University argues thatthis new theory moves beyond the overly restrictiveframe of Role Theory and the logical fallacies of So-ciology of Structure. It offers a conceptual systemwithin which to follow the unfolding episodes ofeveryday life, so opening up all sorts of insights andresearch opportunities. Under the title ‘Person andUltimate Concerns: Who We Are is Defined by WhatWe Care About’, Academician Margaret Archer willpresent her views about the proper conceptualisationof the person. For realistic theories, it should besomeone who has the properties and powers to mon-itor her or his own life, to mediate structural and cul-tural properties of society and thus to contribute tosocietal reproduction and transformation. The twoopposite conceptions, of man as a purely rational be-ing and of man as an impersonal product of society,both neglect the role of practice and experience inthe formation of the self.Monday 21 November will be mainly devoted to theconceptions found in three parts of economics: nor-mative theory, positive theory and applications toeconomic policies. Professor Serge-Christophe Kolmof the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales(Paris) will explain that normative economics, as thediscipline devoted to reflecting about the proper al-location of resources, needs such conceptions of theperson as are deemed relevant for a just society.These vary depending on the type of relations inwhich the person is involved; and they lead to alter-native notions of justice. Kolm will also consider themoral aspects of aid to developing countries andstress that allocation of resources would be less of aproblem if human capacities for self-formation andgeneral altruism were not so scarce. AcademicianEdmond Malinvaud will claim that, in order to ex-plain economic phenomena, positive economicsadapts its conceptions to the diversity of phenome-

na and of contexts within which agents are placed.He will point to some evolution in the set of pre-ferred conceptions, a subject that will also be ap-proached by Academician Juan Llach. With the title‘Conceptions of the Human Beings Implicit in Eco-nomics and in the Practice of Economic Policies’,this third contribution will show that, for the prepa-ration of policies, the best known economic theoriescover only a part of what is needed. Still worse, sometheorists may be accused not only of sins of omis-sion, but even of sins of commission, which turnedout to generate bad policies. People in charge of poli-cies have therefore to develop ‘orphan’ wise practicesfrom conceptions which often remain implicit.The session will end on the morning of 22 Novem-ber. Before the floor is opened for general discus-sion, two introductions will be provided. Academi-cian Herbert Schambeck will present his reflectionson the papers which will have dealt with the humanperson in the field of law and political science. Inhis capacity as organiser, Academician Malinvaudwill ask what should be concluded from the session:was the attempt to deal with the subject sufficient-ly rewarding for recommending further work?Would it be wise, before anything else, to comple-ment the session by future investigations or discus-sions on aspects that were insufficiently explored?Should a statement by the Academy be now pre-pared for a proximate publication? What would beits main points?

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The culmination of the Academy’s Democracy Pro-ject will be marked with a ceremony in the late af-ternoon of Monday 21 November, when ProfessorHans Zacher, the Director of the Project, and Presi-dent Mary Ann Glendon will present the new booksynthesising these activities under the title: Democ-racy in Debate: The Contribution of the PontificalAcademy of Social Sciences, ed. H. Zacher, Miscel-lanea 5 (Vatican City 2005), pp. 320.

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In 2006 for its twelfth Plenary Session, the Acade-my will return to the subject of IntergenerationalSolidarity, focusing on ‘Vanishing Youth? The Un-certain Position of Children and Young People in aGlobal Age: Prospects for a New IntergenerationalSolidarity’.

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L’Académie Pontificale des Sciences Socialestiendra sa onzième Session Plénière au Vati-can du 18 au 22 novembre sur le sujet

“Conceptualisation de la personne humaine dans lessciences sociales”. La plupart des 33 Académiciens,venant de tous les continents, y participeront ainsi quedes invités experts sur divers aspects du sujet. Laconférence a été organisée par l’ancien président, Pro-fesseur Edmond Malinvaud du Collège de France.Depuis sa fondation par le Pape Jean Paul II en 1994,l’Académie a choisi de se concentrer sur quatre grandsthèmes: le travail humain, la démocratie, la mondiali-sation et la solidarité entre générations. Les confé-rences et études consacrées à ces sujets ont eu pourrésultat plusieurs publications qui ont aidé à appro-fondir la leur compréhension, cela d’une façon perti-nente pour l’enseignement de l’Eglise.Le sujet choisi pour la Session Plénière de cette annéeest plus méthodologique et philosophique que ceuxexaminés lors des précédentes occasions. Deux consi-dérations ont conduit à ce choix. D’une part, les mé-thodologies sont tant débattues à l’intérieur dessciences sociales que l’Académie devait, tôt ou tard,considérer que dire à leur sujet. D’autre part, le carac-tère central de la personne humaine dans la doctrinesociale catholique fait qu’il incombe à l’Académied’examiner dans quelle mesure les enseignements desdiverses sciences sociales sont compatibles avec l’an-thropologie chrétienne.En accord avec l’habitude, prise par l’Académie, decommencer l’étude de tout nouveau thème par un exa-men de l’enseignement social catholique, la conféren-ce entendra dès le matin du 18 novembre une contri-bution de Son Eminence Cardinal Angelo Scola sur“L’anthropologie chrétienne”. Ce sera la seconde foisque le Patriarche de Venise se sera adressé à l’Acadé-mie: sa première participation eut lieu en 2003 au fo-rum qui marqua l’aboutissement du programme del’Académie sur le thème du travail humain.Reconnaissant que le thème de cette année débordeles sciences sociales, l’Académie a sollicité troiscontributions de philosophes. A la séance d’ouvertu-re le 18 novembre, Son Eminence Cardinal GeorgesCottier parlera des “Menaces sur la personne”. Le sa-medi 19 novembre l’Académicien Rocco Buttiglionetraitera de “La personne humaine dans la philoso-phie de Jean Paul II”. Le dimanche 20 novembre Pro-fesseur Enrico Berti de l’Université de Padoue exa-minera “La notion classique de la personne dans lesdébats philosophiques d’aujourd’hui”. Il suivra lecours de l’ancienne notion classique, à travers la cri-tique qui s’amorça au dix-septième siècle jusqu’à son

renouveau à la fin du vingtième. Il soutiendra que lanotion classique reste d’actualité aussi bien dans lesdébats philosophiques que dans les cheminementsde la pensée populaire. Quatre contributions examineront comment le droitet la science politique conceptualisent la personne.Académicien Paul Kirchhof parlera de “L’idée de di-gnité humaine au centre des Etats constitutionnelsmodernes”. Du moment qu’il ne pourrait être présent,sa contribution sera présentée et commentée le ven-dredi 18 novembre par l’Académicien Prof. KrzysztofSkubiszewski. Dans les pays de langue germanique,où cette idée est la norme de base tant pour les consti-tutions que pour les droits de l’homme, Kirchhof sou-tiendra que le caractère absolu de la demande de di-gnité se heurte à des difficultés croissantes quand ilest confronté avec les conflits de valeurs, avec la vola-tilité du bon plaisir populaire et avec les contraintesimposées aux juges chargés de résoudre les conflits.Le samedi 19 novembre, le Présidente de l’Académie,Mary Ann Glendon analysera “Les concepts de la per-sonne dans le droit américain”. Elle montrera que, paropposition à la tradition romano-germanique, les fon-dateurs de la République conçurent la liberté plutôtque la dignité comme centrale au projet constitution-nel, et qu’ils acceptèrent une conception plus indivi-dualiste de la personne. Avec le passage du temps, lesystème prônant individualisme et liberté a créé desdifficultés vis-à-vis de la compréhension originelle dela liberté comme devant être contenue par la loi et lacoutume. Professeur Francesco Casavola de l’Univer-sité de Naples, dimanche 20 novembre, suivra parlantdu sujet: “Du droit romain au droit européen”. Il sou-tiendra que, quand on considère le regain d’influencedu droit romain à partir du dix-septième siècle, il fautdistinguer entre le rôle purement culturel de la “tradi-tion romaniste” et son rôle dogmatique comme four-nissant un ensemble de normes légales. Ce second rô-le n’a pas subsisté au delà de 1900, quand les législa-tions nationales sont devenues dominantes. Une “dis-tanciation” supplémentaire se produit maintenantavec le difficile processus de création d’un droit vrai-ment européen. Mardi 22 novembre, l’AcadémicienWilfrido Villacorta complètera la perspective géogra-phique avec l’examen de “La personne humaine dansle Bouddhisme Theravada et dans l’Islam: implica-tions pour le gouvernement dans l’Asie du Sud-Est”.Les discussions se tourneront aussi vers le conceptde la personne en sociologie. Vendredi 18 novembresous le titre “Personnes: des points de condensationdans une mer d’interactions vivantes”, John Shotter,Professeur émérite à l’Université du New Hampshi-

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re, présentera son approche inspirée de “l’écologiesociale”, laquelle fait ressortir les contraintes quel’environnement social impose aux réflexions desgens. Cette approche le conduira à conclure que lapersonne est un concept prospectif: se tenant en té-moin de la société ambiante, la personne est prête ày adapter son comportement. Dans “Quoi nous pous-se? L’intérêt, la passion et la raison”, Professeur JonElster de l’Université Columbia analyse la psycholo-gie des motivations et des actions. Certaines actionssont viscérales: face à l’urgence d’une réaction nouspensons n’avoir pas de choix; d’autres actions résul-tent de choix rationnels réfléchis. Elster suggère que,sous certains rapports, il convient de penser à un tri-angle entre intérêt, passion et raison. Il avance alorsl’idée que intérêt et passion montrent souvent unecertaine déférence vis-à-vis de la raison. L’étude de la sociologie reprendra samedi 19 no-vembre. Dans “Théorie du positionnement”, Profes-seur Romano Harré de l’Université de Georgetownexpliquera que cette nouvelle théorie va au delà ducadre indûment restrictif de la Théorie du rôle et deserreurs logiques de la Sociologie des structures. Elleoffre un système conceptuel pour suivre le déploye-ment des episodes de la vie de chaque jour, ouvrantainsi toutes sortes d’eclairages et d’occasions de re-cherches. Sous le titre “La personne et ses soucis ul-times: ce que nous sommes est défini par ce dontnous nous soucions”, Académicien Margaret Archerprésentera ses idées sur la conceptualisation adéqua-te de la personne. Pour des théories réalistes ce de-vrait être quelqu’un qui a les capacités et pouvoirsde contrôler sa propre vie, de véhiculer les proprié-tés structurelles et culturelles de la société, et ainside contribuer à la reproduction et à la transforma-tion sociétale. Les deux conceptions opposées, l’unede l’homme comme un être purement rationnel,l’autre de l’homme comme un produit impersonnelde la société, négligent l’une et l’autre le rôle de lapratique et de l’expérience dans la formation du soi.Lundi 21 novembre sera consacré principalement auxconceptions ayant cours dans trois parties de la disci-pline économique: la théorie normative, la théorie po-sitive et les applications aux politiques économiques.Le Professeur Serge-Christophe Kolm de l’Ecole desHautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (Paris) explique-ra que l’économie normative, en tant que disciplineconsacrée à réfléchir à la bonne allocation des res-sources, a besoin de ces conceptions de la personnequi sont estimées importer pour une société juste. Cesconceptions varient en fonction du type de relationsdans lesquelles la personne est impliquée; et ellesconduisent à des notions distinctes de la justice. Kolmconsidérera aussi les aspects moraux de l’aide auxpays en développement et il insistera sur l’idée que l’al-location des ressources poserait un moindre problè-me si les capacités humaines à se former soi-même et

à épouser un altruisme général n’étaient pas aussirares. L’Académicien Edmond Malinvaud prétendraque, en vue d’expliquer les phénomènes économiques,l’économie positive adapte ses conceptions à la diver-sité des phénomènes et des contextes dans lesquels lesagents se trouvent placés. Il fera part d’une certaineévolution de l’ensemble des conceptions retenues, unsujet qui sera aussi envisagé par l’Académicien JuanLlach avec le titre “Conceptions des êtres humains quisont implicites dans la discipline économique et dansla pratique des politiques économiques”. Cette troisiè-me contribution montrera que, pour la préparationdes politiques, les théories économiques ne couvrentqu’une partie de ce qui est utile. Encore pire, certainesthéories peuvent être accusées non seulement de pé-chés d’omission, mais même de péchés de commis-sion qui peuvent générer de mauvaises politiques. Ain-si, ceux qui ont la charge des politiques peuvent avoirà mettre au point de sages pratiques “orphelines” àpartir de conceptions qui restent souvent implicites.La session se terminera dans la matinée du 22 no-vembre. Avant l’ouverture d’une discussion généraledeux introductions interviendront. L’AcadémicienHerbert Schambeck présentera ses réflexions sur lescontributions qui auront traité de la personne humai-ne dans le champ du droit et de la science politique.En sa capacité d’organisateur, l’Académicien Malin-vaud demandera ce qu’il faudrait conclure de la ses-sion: la tentative de traiter le sujet fut-elle assez satis-faisante pour recommander davantage de travail? Se-rait-il sage, avant toute autre chose, d’apporter descompléments à la session par de nouvelles recherchesou discussions sur des aspects insuffisamment explo-rés? Une déclaration de l’Académie devrait-elle êtrepréparée pour une publication prochaine? Quels se-raient alors ses points principaux?

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Le point culminant du Projet Démocratie de l’Acadé-mie sera marqué par une cérémonie en fin d’après-mi-di du lundi 21 novembre quand le Professeur HansZacher, Directeur du Projet, et le Président Mary AnnGlendon présenteront le nouveau livre synthétisantces activités sous le titre: Democracy in Debate: theContribution of the Pontifical Academy of SocialSciences, ed. H. Zacher, Miscellanea 5, Vatican City2005, pp. 320.

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En 2006 pour sa douzième Session Plénière, l’Acadé-mie reviendra sur le sujet de la solidarité entre géné-rations, se concentrant alors sur “Vanishing Youth?The Uncertain Position of Children and Young Peoplein a Global Age: Prospects for a New Intergeneratio-nal Solidarity”.

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Die Päpstliche Akademie für Sozialwissenschaf-ten hält vom 18. bis 22. November ihre Plen-arversammlung über das Thema „Begriff und

Bild der menschlichen Person in den Sozialwissen-schaften“ ab. Die meisten der 33 Akademiemitgliederaus allen Teilen der Welt nehmen teil, zusammen mitgeladenen Experten. Die Konferenz wurde vom frühe-ren Präsidenten der Akademie, Professor EdmondMalinvaud vom Collège de France, vorbereitet.Seit ihrer Gründung durch Papst Johannes Paul II. imJahre 1994 hat sich die Akademie vorzugsweise aufvier Hauptthemen konzentriert: menschliche Arbeit,Demokratie, Globalisierung sowie intergenerationelleSolidarität. Aus Konferenzen und Studien zu diesenThemen ergaben sich mehrere Publikationen, die zueinem vertieften Verständnis in einer für die Lehre derKirche relevanten Weise beitrugen.Der für die diesjährige Plenarversammlung gewählteGegenstand ist in größerem Umfang auf Methodolo-gie und Philosophie bezogen als die bisher behandel-ten Themen. Zwei Erwägungen führten zu dieserWahl: Erstens sind Methodologien innerhalb der So-zialwissenschaften in einem so hohen Maße Gegen-stand von Debatten, dass die Akademie früher oderspäter zu überlegen hatte, wie sie zu diesen FragenStellung nimmt. Zweitens verpflichtet die zentraleRolle, welche die menschliche Person in der katholi-schen Soziallehre spielt, die Akademie zur Prüfung,inwieweit die Lehren, die in den verschiedenen So-zialwissenschaften vertreten werden, mit der christli-chen Lehre vom Menschen vereinbar sind.Übereinstimmend mit der Gewohnheit der Akademie,ihre Untersuchung eines jeden neuen Themas mit ei-nem Bericht über Entwicklung und Stand der katho-lischen Soziallehre zu diesem Thema zu beginnen,wird die Konferenz am 18. November mit einem Re-ferat von Seiner Eminenz Kardinal Angelo Scola über„Die christliche Lehre vom Menschen“ eröffnet. Da-mit spricht der Patriarch von Venedig zum zweitenMal zur Akademie; sein erster Beitrag erfolgte 2003im Rahmen des Forums, welches den Abschluss desProgramms der Akademie über „Die Zukunft dermenschlichen Arbeit“ bildete.In der Erkenntnis, dass sich das Thema dieses Jahresüber die Sozialwissenschaften hinaus erstreckt, bat dieAkademie drei Philosophen um Beiträge. In der Eröff-nungsversammlung am 18. November wird Seine Emi-nenz Kardinal Georges Cottier, Rom/Vatikan, über „Ge-fährdungen der Person“ sprechen. Am Samstag, dem19. November wird das Akademiemitglied Rocco But-tiglione einen Vortrag zum Thema „ Die menschlichePerson in der Philosophie von Johannes Paul II „ hal-ten. Am Sonntag, dem 20. November untersucht Pro-fessor Enrico Berti von der Universität Padua das The-

ma „Der klassische Begriff der Person in der heutigenphilosophischen Diskussion“. Er verfolgt den lange Zeithindurch anerkannten klassischen Begriff durch die imsiebzehnten Jahrhundert beginnende Kritik bis zu sei-ner Wiederbelebung im späten zwanzigsten Jahrhun-dert. Er wird darlegen, dass der klassische Begriff so-wohl in der philosophischen Diskussion wie auch inder populären Denkweise weiterhin aktuell ist.Vier Beiträge werden untersuchen, wie Recht und Po-litologie die Person begrifflich erfassen. Das Akademie-mitglied Paul Kirchhof sollte über „Die Idee dermenschlichen Würde im Zentrum des modernen Ver-fassungsstaates“ sprechen. Da Prof. Kirchhof nicht an-wesend sein kann, wird sein Text am Freitag, dem 18.November vom Akademiemitglied Prof. KrzysztofSkubiszewski vorgetragen. Im deutschsprachigenRaum, wo die Idee der Menschenwürde die grundle-gende Norm für Verfassungen wie auch für Menschen-rechte bildet, so argumentiert Kirchhof, sieht sich dieAbsolutheit des Prinzips der menschlichen Würde zu-nehmenden Schwierigkeiten gegenübergestellt, wennes mit Konflikten zwischen Werten, den Schwankun-gen des Volkswillens und den Beschränkungen kon-frontiert wird, denen die Richter unterworfen sind,welche die Konflikte zu lösen haben. Am Samstag,dem 19. November wird Mary Ann Glendon, die Prä-sidentin der Akademie, „Begriffe der Person im ameri-kanischen Recht“ analysieren. Sie wird darlegen, dassdie Gründer der Republik im Gegensatz zur römisch-deutschen Tradition eher die Freiheit als die Würde alsdie Mitte des Verfassungssystems betrachteten unddass sie einen individualistischeren Begriff des Person-seins zugrundelegten. Im Laufe der Zeit habe der Indi-vidualismus wie auch der Indeterminismus des Sy-stems Schwierigkeiten in Bezug auf das ursprünglicheVerständnis einer Freiheit hervorgerufen, die durchGesetz und Konventionen eingeschränkt ist. Am Sonn-tag, dem 20. November wird Professor Francesco Ca-savola von der Universität von Neapel über das Thema„Vom römischen Recht zum europäischen Recht“ re-ferieren. Er wird darlegen, dass in Anbetracht des mitBeginn des siebzehnten Jahrhunderts wiedererwach-ten Einflusses des römischen Rechts ein Unterschiedzu machen sei zwischen der rein kulturellen Rolle der„romanistischen Tradition“ und deren dogmatischerRolle bei der Gesetzgebung. Diese zweite Rolle habedas Jahr 1900 nicht überdauert, als nationales Rechtvorzuherrschen begann. Eine weitere Distanzierungerfolge jetzt bei dem schwierigen Prozess der Schaf-fung eines wahrhaft europäischen Rechts. Am Diens-tag, dem 22. November wird das AkademiemitgliedWilfrido Villacorta den Ausblick mit einer Untersu-chung über „Die menschliche Person im Theravada-Buddhismus und im Islam: Implikationen für die Re-gierung Südost-Asiens“ abschließen.

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Die Diskussionen werden sich auch auf den Begriffder Person in der Soziologie richten. Am Freitag, dem18. November analysiert Prof. Jon Elster von der Co-lumbia University unter dem Titel „Was geht in unsvor? Interesse, heftige Gemütsbewegung und Ver-stand“ die Psychologie der Motivationen und Hand-lungen. Einige Handlungen erfolgen auf emotionalerEbene: angesichts eines Dranges zu reagieren habenwir keine Wahl; andere Handlungen resultieren auseiner überlegten, rationalen Wahl. Elster hält es fürangebracht, sich ein Dreieck vorzustellen: Interesse,heftige Gemütsbewegung, Verstand. Und er geht soweit zu sagen, dass Interesse und heftige Gemütsbe-wegung oftmals eine gewisse Unterordnung gegenü-ber dem Verstand aufweisen. Unter dem Titel „Perso-nen: Kondensationspunkte in einem Meer lebenderInteraktionen“ wird John Shotter, emeritierter Profes-sor der Universität von New Hampshire, seine Sicht-weise einer „Sozialen Ökologie“ vorstellen, welche dieEinschränkungen hervorhebt, die von der sozialenUmgebung auf die Menschen ausgehen. Diese Sicht-weise führt ihn zu der Schlussfolgerung, dass die Per-son ein in die Zukunft wirkender Begriff sei: als Zeu-ge der sie umgebenden Gesellschaft sei die Person zurReaktion bereit, indem sie ihr Verhalten anpasse. Die Auseinandersetzung mit der Soziologie wird amSamstag, dem 19. November fortgeführt werden. In„Theorie der Positionierung“ wird Professor RomanoHarré von der Georgetown University darlegen, dassdiese neue Theorie die Beschränkungen der Rollen-theorie und die logischen Fehler der Struktursoziolo-gie überwindet. Sie bietet ein Konzept zur Verfolgungder Entwicklung der Episoden des alltäglichen Lebensund eröffnet somit verschiedentliche Einsichten undForschungsmöglichkeiten. Unter dem Titel „Personund entscheidende Bedeutung: wer wir sind, wird de-finiert durch das, was uns wichtig ist“ wird Akademie-mitglied Margaret Archer ihre Ansichten zur begriffli-chen Erfassung der Person darlegen. Eine realistischeTheorie fordere für die Person die Eigenschaften undKräfte, um sowohl das eigene Leben zu steuern, alsauch der Gesellschaft strukturelle und kulturelle Ei-genschaften zu vermitteln und somit zur Reprodukti-on und Transformation der Gesellschaft beizutragen.Die beiden entgegengesetzten Auffassungen vomMenschen als rein rationales Wesen und vom Men-schen als unpersönliches Produkt der Gesellschaftvernachlässigten beide die Rolle von Praxis und Er-fahrung bei der Formung des Selbst.Montag, 21. November ist hauptsächlich den Begrif-fen gewidmet, die in drei Bereichen der Wirtschafts-wissenschaft anzutreffen sind: normative Theorie, po-sitive Theorie und Anwendungen auf die Wirtschafts-politik. Professor Serge-Christophe Kolm von derEcole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris,wird ausführen, dass die normative Wirtschaftswis-senschaft als Disziplin, die sich mit der richtigen Ver-teilung von Ressourcen befasst, Begriffe der Personbenötige, die für eine gerechte Gesellschaft als rele-vant erachtet werden. Diese variieren je nach der Artder Beziehungen, in denen die Person involviert ist,

und führen zu alternativen Begriffen von Gerechtig-keit. Kolm wird ferner auch die moralischen Aspekteder Hilfe für Entwicklungsländer behandeln und be-tonen, dass die Verteilung von Ressourcen ein gerin-geres Problem darstellen würde, wenn die menschli-che Fähigkeit zu Selbstentwicklung und Altruismusnicht so selten wäre. Akademiemitglied Edmond Ma-linvaud wird feststellen, dass zur Erklärung wirt-schaftlicher Phänomene die positive Wirtschaftswis-senschaft ihre Begriffe der Vielfalt der Phänomene an-passe sowie den Zusammenhängen, in welche die wir-kenden Faktoren gestellt werden. Er wird auf eine ge-wisse Evolution in der Reihe bevorzugter Begriffe hin-weisen. Das Thema wird auch von AkademiemitgliedJuan Llach angesprochen. Unter dem Titel „Begriffevom Menschen impliziert in der Wirtschaftswissen-schaft und in der Praxis der Wirtschaftspolitik“ zeigtdieser Beitrag, dass zur Entwicklung wirtschaftspoli-tischer Strategien die bekanntesten Wirtschaftstheori-en nur einen Teil dessen abdecken, was erforderlichist. Und was noch schlimmer sei, es können einigeTheoretiker nicht nur der Unterlassungssünden, son-dern sogar der aktiven Sünden bezichtigt werden, dieschädliche Wirtschaftspolitiken hervorbrächten. Per-sonen, die für Wirtschaftspolitik zuständig sind, müs-sten daher ihre Praktiken oft aus Konzepten ent-wickeln, die nur implizit vorhanden sind.Die Konferenz endet am Vormittag des 22. November.Ehe die allgemeine Diskussion eröffnet wird, erfolgenzwei Vorreden. Akademiemitglied Herbert Scham-beck wird seine Gedanken zu den Vorträgen äußern,die sich mit der menschlichen Person auf dem Gebietdes Rechts und der Politologie befasst hatten. Akade-miemitglied Malinvaud wird in seiner Eigenschaft alsOrganisator die Frage aufwerfen, welche Schlüsse ausder Tagung zu ziehen sind. War die Bemühung um dieBehandlung des Gegenstands lohnend genug, um wei-tere Arbeiten zu empfehlen? Wäre es sinnvoll, vor al-lem andere Ergebnisse der Tagung durch weitere For-schungen oder Diskussionen zu ergänzen? Sollte eineErklärung der Akademie für eine baldige Veröffentli-chung vorbereitet werden? Was wären hier die wich-tigsten Punkte?

***

Den Höhepunkt des Demokratieprojekts der Akade-mie bildet eine Veranstaltung am Spätnachmittag des21. November, bei der Professor Hans Zacher, der Mo-derator des Projekts, und die Präsidentin Mary AnnGlendon ein neues Buch vorstellen werden, welchesdiese Aktivitäten unter dem Titel „Democracy in De-bate: the Contribution of the Pontifical Academy ofSocial Sciences“ zusammenfasst, ed. H. Zacher, Mis-cellanea 5, Vatican City 2005, pp. 320.

***Bei ihrer zwölften Konferenz im Jahre 2006 wird dieAkademie auf das Thema der Solidarität zwischen denGenerationen zurückkommen mit dem Schwerpunkt„Vanishing Youth? The Uncertain Position of Child-ren and Young People in a Global Age: Prospects for aNew Intergenerational Solidarity“.

Conceptualization of the Human Person in Social Sciences Vorstellung

9

La Pontificia Accademia delle Scienze Socialiterrà la sua undicesima Sessione Plenaria inVaticano dal 18 al 22 novembre sull’argomen-

to “La concettualizzazione della persona umana nel-le scienze sociali”. Alla sessione parteciperà la mag-gior parte dei suoi 33 accademici, provenienti da tut-to il mondo, insieme a invitati esperti di vari aspettidel tema in questione. La conferenza è stata organiz-zata dall’ex Presidente dell’Accademia, il ProfessorEdmond Malinvaud del Collège de France.Dalla sua fondazione da parte di Papa Giovanni Pao-lo II nel 1994, l’Accademia ha deciso di occuparsi diquattro temi principali: il lavoro umano, la democra-zia, la globalizzazione e la solidarietà intergenera-zionale. Le conferenze e gli studi dedicati a questiquattro argomenti hanno prodotto varie pubblicazio-ni utili al Magistero della Chiesa per una compren-sione più profonda degli stessi.Il tema scelto per la Sessione Plenaria di quest’annoè più filosofico e metodologico dei precedenti. Dueconsiderazioni hanno portato a questa scelta. Innan-zitutto, poiché le metodologie sono oggetto di impor-tante dibattito all’interno delle scienze sociali, l’Ac-cademia doveva formarsene un’opinione propria alriguardo. In secondo luogo, la centralità della perso-na umana nella dottrina sociale cattolica impone al-l’Accademia di esaminare fino a che punto gli inse-gnamenti delle varie scienze sociali siano coerenticon l’antropologia cristiana.In conformità con la tradizione dell’Accademia diiniziare lo studio di ogni nuovo argomento con unesame del Magistero sociale cattolico sul tema inquestione, il meeting terrà nella sessione di aperturadel 18 novembre un intervento di Sua Em.za il Car-dinale Angelo Scola intitolato “Antropologia cristia-na”. Questa è la seconda volta che il Patriarca di Ve-nezia prende parte ai lavori dell’Accademia, avendo-vi partecipato per la prima volta nel 2003 durante unForum a compimento del programma dell’Accade-mia sul tema del lavoro umano.Consapevole che il tema di quest’anno deborda lescienze sociali, l’Accademia ha sollecitato tre contri-buti di filosofi. Nella sessione d’apertura, il 18 no-vembre, Sua Em.za il Cardinale Georges Cottier par-lerà sulle “Minacce alla persona”. Sabato 19 novem-bre, l’Accademico Rocco Buttiglione presenterà unarelazione sul tema “La persona umana nella filosofiadi Giovanni Paolo II”. Domenica 20 novembre, ilProfessor Enrico Berti dell’Università di Padova esa-minerà “La nozione classica della persona nei dibat-titi filosofici odierni”. Egli ripercorrerà l’evoluzionedella nozione classica, attraverso la critica che subi-

sce nel diciassettesimo secolo fino alla sua rinascitaalla fine del ventesimo secolo. Per Berti, così, la no-zione classica resta attuale sia nei dibattiti filosoficisia nei modi di pensare non specialistici. Quattro contributi analizzeranno la concettualizza-zione della persona da parte della giurisprudenza edelle scienze politiche. L’Accademico Paul Kirchhofha preparato una relazione su “L’idea di dignità uma-na al centro dei moderni stati costituzionali”. Nonpotendo egli essere presente, tale relazione saràesposta e commentata, venerdì 18 novembre, dall’Ac-cademico Prof. Krzysztof Skubiszewski. Nei paesi dilingua tedesca, dove questa idea è la norma fonda-mentale tanto per le costituzioni come per i dirittiumani, Kirchhof sostiene che il carattere assolutodella esigenza di dignità si scontra con difficoltà cre-scenti quando è di fronte ai conflitti di valori, alla vo-latilità della comodità popolare e ai vincoli posti aigiudici che sono chiamati a risolvere i conflitti. Sa-bato 19 novembre, il Presidente dell’Accademia,Mary Ann Glendon, analizzerà i “Concetti della per-sona nella giurisprudenza americana”, sostenendoche, in contrasto con la tradizione romano-germani-ca, i fondatori della Repubblica hanno consideratola libertà piuttosto che la dignità come centrale alprogetto costituzionale, quindi hanno accettato unconcetto di persona più individualista. Nel tempo,l’individualismo e il liberalismo hanno posto delledifficoltà per la comprensione originaria della libertàcome doveva essere contenuta dalla legge e dallaconsuetudine. Il Professor Francesco Casavola, del-l’Università di Napoli, domenica 20 novembre, se-guirà trattando il soggetto: “Dalla legge romana allalegge europea”. Egli afferma che, quando si conside-ra l’influenza rinnovata del diritto romano a partiredal diciassettesimo secolo, occorre fare una distin-zione tra il ruolo puramente culturale della “tradi-zione romanista” e il suo ruolo dogmatico come for-nitore di un insieme di norme giuridiche. Quest’ul-timo ruolo non è andato oltre il 1900, quando le le-gislazioni nazionali sono divenute dominanti. Un ul-teriore “distanziamento” si sta verificando oggi neldifficile processo di creazione di un diritto propria-mente europeo. Martedì 22 novembre, l’AccademicoWilfrido Villacorta completerà il panorama geogra-fico con una considerazione su “La persona umananel Buddhismo Theravada e nell’Islam: implicazio-ni per il governo del Sudest Asiatico”. Il dibattito affronterà anche il concetto della perso-na nella sociologia. Venerdì 18 novembre, con la re-lazione “Cosa ci fa muovere? Interesse, passione eragione”, il Professor Jon Elster della Columbia Uni-

INTRODUZIONEEDMOND MALINVAUD, MARY ANN GLENDON


in Social Sciences

10

versity, analizza la psicologia delle motivazioni e del-le azioni. Alcune azioni sono viscerali: di fronte al-l’urgenza di una reazione, noi pensiamo di non ave-re una scelta; altre azioni risultano da riflettute scel-te razionali. Elster suggerisce che, in un certo senso,sarebbe conveniente pensare a un triangolo compo-sto da interesse, passione e ragione. Egli così avanzal’idea che interesse e passione spesso mostrano unacerta deferenza nei confronti della ragione. In “Per-sone: punti di condensazione in un mare di intera-zioni viventi”, John Shotter, Professore Emerito del-l’Università del New Hampshire, presenterà il suoapproccio ispirato alla “ecologia sociale”, in cui faemergere la costrizione che l’ambiente sociale impo-ne alla riflessione della gente. Questo approccio glifarà concludere che la persona è un concetto pro-spettico: in qualità di testimone della società circo-stante, la persona è pronta a rispondere adattando ilproprio comportamento.Lo studio della sociologia riprenderà sabato 19 no-vembre. Nella “Teoria del posizionamento”, il Pro-fessor Romano Harré dell’Università di Georgetownspiegherà che questa nuova teoria va oltre l’ambitotroppo riduttivo della Teoria del ruolo e degli errorilogici della Sociologia delle strutture. Il suo testooffre un sistema concettuale per seguire lo svilup-po degli episodi della vita di tutti i giorni, aprendocosì ogni sorta di chiarimenti e occasioni di ricer-ca. Con una relazione dal titolo “La persona e le suepreoccupazioni ultime: chi siamo è definito da ciòche abbiamo a cuore”, l’Accademico Margaret Ar-cher esporrà le sue idee sulla concettualizzazioneadeguata della persona. Per le teorie realiste, que-sto dovrebbe essere qualcuno che ha le capacità e ipoteri di controllare la propria vita, di mediare leproprietà strutturali e culturali della società e quin-di di contribuire alla riproduzione e trasformazio-ne sociale. Le due concezioni opposte, dell’uomocome essere puramente razionale e dell’uomo comeprodotto impersonale della società, trascurano en-trambe il ruolo della pratica e dell’esperienza nellaformazione del sé.La giornata di lunedì 21 novembre sarà dedicataprincipalmente alle concezioni di persona operantiin tre domini della disciplina economica: la teorianormativa, la teoria positiva e l’applicazione alle po-litiche economiche. Il Professor Serge-ChristopheKolm della Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences So-ciales (Parigi) spiegherà che l’economia normativa,quale disciplina dedicata alla riflessione del buonstanziamento delle risorse, richieda tali concezionidella persona quali siano ritenute rilevanti per unasocietà giusta. Queste varieranno secondo il tipo direlazioni in cui la persona è coinvolta e condurran-no a nozioni diverse di giustizia. Kolm considerainoltre gli aspetti morali dell’assistenza ai paesi invia di sviluppo e sottolinea che lo stanziamento di ri-sorse sarebbe meno problematico se le capacità

umane di auto-formazione e altruismo generale nonfossero così scarse. L’Accademico Edmond Malin-vaud propone che, per capire i fenomeni economici,l’economia positiva adatta i suoi concetti alla diver-sità dei fenomeni e dei contesti all’interno dei qualivengono posti gli agenti. Egli parteciperà di una cer-ta evoluzione dell’insieme delle concezioni vigenti,un argomento che sarà affrontato dall’AccademicoJuan Llach, dal titolo “Concezioni dell’essere umanoimplicite nell’economia e nella pratica delle politicheeconomiche”. Questa terza relazione dimostra che,per la preparazione delle politiche, le teorie econo-miche più conosciute coprono solo una parte di ciòche è utile. Ancor peggio, alcune teorie potrebberoessere accusate non solo di peccato d’omissione, maanche di peccato di commissione, che a loro voltapossono generare politiche fallaci. Coloro quindi chehanno la responsabilità delle politiche devono met-tere a punto prassi sagge, “orfane” di concezioniideologiche che spesso rimangono implicite.La sessione terminerà la mattina del 22 novembre.Prima della discussione generale saranno offerte dueintroduzioni. L’Accademico Herbert Schambeck pre-senterà le proprie riflessioni sulle relazioni cheavranno trattato la persona umana nel campo dellagiurisprudenza e delle scienze politiche. In qualitàdi organizzatore, l’Accademico Malinvaud si chie-derà quali conclusioni si possano trarre dalla sessio-ne: il tentativo di affrontare l’argomento è stato suf-ficientemente gratificante da raccomandare un ulte-riore lavoro? Sarebbe saggio, innanzitutto, integrarela sessione con ricerche o discussioni future suaspetti che non erano stati sufficientemente ap-profonditi? Dovrebbe l’Accademia preparare una di-chiarazione di prossima pubblicazione? Quali do-vrebbero esserne i punti principali?

***

Il culmine del Progetto sulla Democrazia sarà segna-to da una cerimonia nel tardo pomeriggio di lunedì21 novembre, quando il Professor Hans Zacher, Di-rettore del progetto, e il Presidente Mary Ann Glen-don, presenteranno il nuovo libro che sintetizza que-sto argomento dal titolo: Democracy in Debate: TheContribution of the Pontifical Academy of SocialSciences, Miscellanea 5, ed. H. Zacher, Vatican City2005, pp. 320.

***

Nel 2006, in occasione della dodicesima SessionePlenaria, l’Accademia riprenderà il tema della Soli-darietà Intergenerazionale, affrontando l’argomento“Vanishing Youth? The Uncertain Position of Chil-dren and Young People in a Global Age: Prospectsfor a New Intergenerational Solidarity”.

Conceptualization of the Human Person in Social Sciences Introduzione

11

9:00 Word of Welcome:Prof. Mary Ann GLENDON, President of the Academy

9:05 The Subject of the Meeting:Former President Prof. Edmond MALINVAUD, Coordinator of the Meeting

9:15 Chairperson: Prof. Mary Ann GLENDON

Speaker: � H.Em. Card. Georges COTTIER

Menaces sur la personne Commentator:� H.E. Msgr. Roland MINNERATH

10:45 Coffee Break

11:15 Speaker:� H.Em. Card. Angelo SCOLA

Christian AnthropologyCommentator:� Prof. Edmond MALINVAUD

13:00 Lunch at the Casina Pio IV

14:30 Chairperson: Prof. Edmond MALINVAUD

Speaker:� Prof. Jon ELSTER

What Makes Us Tick? Interest, Passion and Reason Commentator:� Prof. Paulus ZULU

15:30 Speaker: � Prof. John SHOTTER

Persons: Points of Condensation in a Sea of Living InteractionsCommentator:� Prof. Jerzy ZUBRZYCKI

16:30 Coffee Break

17:00 Speaker:� Prof. Krzysztof SKUBISZEWSKI (presenter and commentator

of Prof. Paul Kirchhof’s paper)The Idea of Human Dignity at the Center of Modern Constitutional States

Commentator:� Prof. Janne H. MATLARY

18:30 Dinner at the Casina Pio IV

FRIDAY, 18 NOVEMBER 2005

19:30 Working Dinner of the Council at the Hassler Hotel

THURSDAY, 17 NOVEMBER 2005

PROGRAMME


in Social Sciences

12

Conceptualization of the Human Person in Social Sciences Programme

9:00 Chairperson: H.E. Msgr. Giampaolo CREPALDI

Speaker:� Prof. Romano HARRÉ

Positioning Theory Commentator:� Prof. Margaret ARCHER

10:30 Coffee Break

11:00 Speaker:� Prof. Margaret ARCHER

Persons and Ultimate Concerns: Who We Are is Defined by What We Care AboutCommentator:� Prof. Pierpaolo DONATI


14:30 Chairperson: Prof. José T. RAGA

Speaker:� Prof. Rocco BUTTIGLIONE

The Human Person in the Philosophy of John Paul IICommentator:� Msgr. Prof. Michel SCHOOYANS

16:00 Coffee Break

16:30 Speaker:� Prof. Mary Ann GLENDON

Concepts of the Person in American LawCommentator:� Mr. Justice Nicholas MCNALLY


SATURDAY, 19 NOVEMBER

9:00 Chairperson: Prof. Jerzy ZUBRZYCKI

Speaker:� Prof. Enrico BERTI

The Classical Notion of the Person in Today’s Philosophical DebateCommentator:� Prof. Vittorio POSSENTI

10:30 Coffee Break

11:00 Speaker:� Prof. Francesco P. CASAVOLA

From Roman Law to European Law Commentator:� Prof. Ombretta FUMAGALLI CARULLI


15:00 Council Meeting

19.30 Dinner at the Casina Pio IV

SUNDAY, 20 NOVEMBER 2005

13


9:00 Chairperson: H.E. Amb. Hanna SUCHOCKA

Speaker:� Prof. Serge-Christophe KOLM

The Human Person in Normative EconomicsCommentator:� Prof. Christopher BLISS

10:30 Coffee Break and preparation for the reception of the Holy Father

11:30 The Holy Father Benedict XVI visits the Casina Pio IV


14:30 Chairperson: Prof. Bedrich VYMETALÍK

Speaker:� Prof. Edmond MALINVAUD

Conceptualization of Agents in Positive Economic TheoriesCommentator:� Prof. Joseph STIGLITZ

16:00 Coffee Break

16:30 Speaker:� Prof. Juan J. LLACH

Conceptions of Human Beings Implicit in Economicsand in the Practice of Economic Policies

Commentator:� Prof. José T. RAGA

18:00 Presentation of the new book:Democracy in Debate: the Contribution of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciencesby President Prof. Mary Ann GLENDON and Prof. Hans ZACHER

19:00 Recognition of service by out-going Council Members


MONDAY, 21 NOVEMBER 2005

9:00 Chairperson: Prof. Paulus ZULU

Speaker:� Prof. Wilfrido V. VILLACORTA

The Human Person in Theravada Buddhism and Islam:Implications for Governance in Southeast Asia

Commentator:� Prof. Mina M. RAMIREZ

10:30 Coffee Break

11:00 Speaker:� Prof. Herbert SCHAMBECK

Concluding Reflections on the Papers which Dealtwith the Human Person in Law and Political Science

12:00 Speaker:� Prof. Edmond MALINVAUD

Personal Reflections on what was Achieved and what might Remain to be Achieved

TUESDAY, 22 NOVEMBER 2005

�

14


NAME AND TITLE NAT. DISCIPLINE AND CHARGE PAPER

Prof.ENRICO BERTI

IPadua

Professor of the History of Philosophyat the University of Padua

The Classical Notion of the Person inToday’s Philosophical Debate

Prof.CHRISTOPHER BLISS

UKOxford

Nuffield Professor of International Economicsat the University of Oxford

Commentary on The Human Personin Normative Economics

Prof. FRANCESCO

PAOLO CASAVOLA

IRome

University of NaplesPresident of the Instituteof the Italian Encyclopaedia

From Roman Law to European Law

H.Em. Card.GEORGES M.M. COTTIER

VVatican

City

Emeritus Professor, University of Fribourg,Pro-Theologian of the Pontifical Household

Menaces sur la personne

Prof.JON ELSTER

USANew York

Robert K. Merton Professor of Social Sciencesat Columbia University

What Makes Us Tick?Interest, Passion and Reason

Prof.ROMANO HARRÉ

USAWashington

DC

Department of Psychologyat Georgetown University

Positioning Theory

Prof.SERGE-CHRISTOPHE KOLM

FParis

Professor, Ecole des Hautes Etudesen Sciences Sociales, Paris

The Human Personin Normative Economics

Prof.Janne H. MATLARY

NOslo

Professor, Department of Political Sciencesat the University of Oslo

Commentary on Human Dignity at theCenter of Modern Constitutional States

H.Em. Card.ANGELO SCOLA

IVenice

Patriarch of Venice Christian Anthropology

Prof.JOHN SHOTTER

UKLondon

Emeritus Professor, University of New Hampshire Persons: Points of Condensationin a Sea of Living Interactions

NAME AND TITLE NAT. DISCIPLINE AND CHARGE

H.E. Msgr.GIAMPAOLO CREPALDI

VVatican

City

Secretary of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace

H.E. Msgr.MARCELO SÁNCHEZ S.

VVatican

City

LUMSA University, Rome, Chancellor of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences

Out

side

Exp

erts

Obs

erve

rs

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS


in Social Sciences


15:00 General discussion

16:30 Coffee Break

17:00 Closed Session for Academicians


15


Prof.MARGARET S. ARCHER

UKCoventry

Professor of Sociologyat the University of Warwick

Persons and Ultimate Concerns:Who WeAre Is Defined By What We Care About;Commentary on Positioning Theory

Prof.BELISARIO BETANCUR

COBogotá

President of the Santillana Foundationfor Iberoamerica

Prof.ROCCO BUTTIGLIONE

IRome

Professor of Political Philosophyat the University of Teramo

The Human Personin the Philosophy of John Paul II

Prof.PIERPAOLO DONATI

IBologna

Professor of Sociology and Social Policyat the University of Bologna

Commentary on Personsand Ultimate Concerns

Prof.OMBRETTA FUMAGALLI C.

IMilan

Professor of Canon Lawat the Catholic University of Milan

Commentary on FromRoman Law to European Law

President Prof.MARY ANN GLENDON

USACambridge

Professor of Law at the University of Harvard Concepts of the Personin American Law

Lic.JUAN JOSÉ LLACH

RABuenos Aires

Professor of Economicsat the Universidad Austral

Conceptions of Human Beings Implicitin Economics and in the Practiceof Economic Policy

Hon. JusticeNICHOLAS J. MCNALLY

ZWHarare

Retired Judge of Appeal in Zimbabwe Commentary on Conceptsof the Person in American Law

Prof.EDMOND MALINVAUD

FMalakoff

Professor Emeritus of Economics Conceptualization of Agentsin Positive Economic TheoriesCommentary on Anthropologiechrétienne de Angelo Card. Scola

H.E. Msgr.ROLAND MINNERATH

FDijon

Archbishop of DijonProfessor of History and Social Ethics

Commentary onMenaces sur la personne

Prof.VITTORIO POSSENTI

IVenice

Professor of Political Philosophyat the University of Venice

Commentary on The Classical Notion ofThe Person in Today’s Philosophical Debate

Prof.JOSÉ T. RAGA

EMadrid

Professor of Economicsat Universidad Complutense of Madrid

Commentary on Conceptions ofHuman Beings Implicit in Economics

Prof.MINA M. RAMIREZ

RPManila

President of the Asian Social Institute of Manila Commentary on The Human Personin Theravada Buddhism and Islam:Implications for Governance inSoutheast Asia

Prof.RENÉ RÉMOND

FParis

Professor Emeritus Académie Française

Prof.KEVIN RYAN

USAMassachusetts

Professor of Psychology

Prof. Dr.Dr.HERBERT SCHAMBECK

AVienna

Professor Emeritus of Public Law,Political Sciences and Philosophy of Law

Concluding Reflections on the Paperswhich Dealt with The Human Personin Law and Political Science

Rev. Msgr.MICHEL SCHOOYANS

BLouvain-La-Nueve

Professor Emeritus of Social Philosophy Commentary on The Human Personin the Philosophy of John Paul II

Prof.KRZYSZTOF SKUBISZEWSKI

NLThe Hague

President of the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunalof The Hague

Commentary on Human Dignity at theCenter of Modern Constitutional States

Prof.JOSEPH STIGLITZ

USANew York

Professor of Economics at Columbia University Commentary on Conceptualizationof Agents in Positive Economic Theories

H.E.Amb.HANNA SUCHOCKA

IRome

Ambassador of Poland to the Holy See Chairperson of the morning sessionof Monday 21 November

Acad

emic

ians

Conceptualization of the Human Person in Social Sciences List of Participants

�

16

Conceptualization of the Human Person in Social Sciences List of Participants


Prof.WILFRIDO V.VILLACORTA

RIJakarta

Professor of Political Science, deputy Secretary-General,Association of Southeast Nations(ASEAN)

The Human Person in TheravadaBuddhism and Islam: Implicationsfor Governance in Southeast Asia

Prof.BEDRICH VYMETALÍK

CZFrydek-Mistek

Lawyer Chairperson of the afternoon sessionof Monday 21 November

Prof.HANS F. ZACHER

DMunich

Professor of Public Law, International andComparative Law of Social Benefits and Services

Presentation of the book Democracyin Debate: the Contribution of thePontifical Academy of Social Sciences

Prof.JERZY B. ZUBRZYCKI

AUSCanberra

Professor Emeritus of Sociology Commentary on Persons:Points of Condensationin a Sea of Living Interactions

Prof.PAULUS ZULU

ZADurban

Professor of Sociology at the University of Natal Commentary on What Makes UsTick? Interest, Passion and Reason

Acad

emic

ians

PASS

Fou

ndat

ion

NAME AND TITLE NAT. DISCIPLINE AND CHARGE

H.E. Msgr. Dr.DONATO SQUICCIARINI

IRome

Apostolic Nuncio

Dr.Dr.HERBERT BATLINER

FLVaduz

Dr jur, Dr rer. nat., Oec., Dr hcLawyer, specialised in commercial and business law

Dr.MARTIN STRIMITZER

AGötzens

Dr jur, Prof. hcPräsident des Bundesrates i.R.

17

PARTICIPANT BIOGRAPHIES

Prof. Enrico Berti, was born in Valeggio sul Mincio on 3 No-vember 1935. He is Professor of the History of Philosophy atthe University of Padua. Corresponding Fellow of the Accade-mia Nazionale dei Lincei of Rome and Member of the InstitutInternational de Philosophie of Paris; Fellow of the IstitutoVeneto di Scienze, Lettere e Arti and the Accademia Galileianadi Scienze, Lettere e Arti of Padua; Member of the PontificalAcademy of Saint Thomas Aquinas and of the Pontifical Acad-emy of Sciences. The first subject of his research was the phi-losophy of Aristotle, which has continued to be central to hisinterests. He then extended his studies to the Aristotelian tra-dition in ancient, medieval, modern and contemporary times,with particular attention to dialectics and the problem of con-tradiction. More recently he has discussed the possibilities ofmetaphysics within contemporary philosophy and dedicatedhimself to problems of ethics and political philosophy.

ADDRESS: Università degli Studi di PadovaDipartimento di FilosofiaPiazza Capitaniato, 7I-35139 Padova (Italy)Tel: +39 0498274700 – Fax: +39 0498274701E-mail: [email protected]

Prof. Christopher Bliss Ph.D., Cambridge University (1966),Nuffield Professor of International Economics, University ofOxford & Fellow Nuffield College, Oxford, Field: Economic the-ory; International economics. Current Research Topics: Eco-nomic theory and economic policy. International economics.Development economics.

ADDRESS: University of Oxford – Nuffield CollegeOxford OX1 1NF (United Kingdom)Tel: +44 1865 278573 – Fax: +44 1865 278621E-mail: [email protected]

Prof. Francesco Paolo Casavola was born in Taranto, Italy,on 12 January 1931. He entered the Faculty of Law of Macera-ta University. Full Professor of History of Roman Law from1977 at the Faculty of Law of the University of Naples, wherefor the first ten years he taught Institutions, and when he wasstill a lecturer also Legal Papyrology, Casavola’s studies ad-dressed a different topic, that of the history of the scientificthought of the Roman jurists. He was elected constitutionaljudge in February 1986, President of the Constitutional Courtfrom 1992 to 1995, head of the independent authority compe-tent with respect to both antitrust and assurance of plurality ofinformation sources in the area of television and press from1996 to 1998, and is currently the President of the Institute ofthe Italian Encyclopaedia. His sentences as a constitutionaljudge that touch upon family law, leases, school and universitysystems, legal system, military law, social security system, elec-tion laws and referenda to amend laws, include the ones thatfor the first time formulated the supreme constitutional princi-ple of the laicity of the State (sent. no. 203 of 1989, no. 13 of1991 and no. 290 of 1992).

ADDRESS: Presidente,Istituto dell’Enciclopedia ItalianaPiazza dell’Enciclopedia Italiana, 4

I-00186 Roma (Italy)Tel: +39 0668982223 – Fax: +39 0668982116E-mail: [email protected]

H.E. Card. Georges Marie Martin Cottier, O.P., born April25, 1922, Céligny, Switzerland. Entered the Order of Preach-ers (Dominicans), 1945. University of Fribourg, Fribourg; al-so studied in Rome. Ordained July 2, 1951, Rome. Professorof Contemporary Philosophy at the University of Geneva.Professor of Philosophy at the Faculty of Letters, Universityof Fribourg. Director of the Dominican Center of Geneva. Inthe 1980s he collaborated on numerous occasions with Car-dinal Joseph Ratzinger, Prefect of the Congregation for theDoctrine of the Faith. Opposed to the theology of liberation,he had an active role in the preparation of the second docu-ment issued by the Vatican against such theological move-ment. Published in April 1986, the document expresses reser-vations concerning its conformity with the Church’s tradi-tion. Member of the International Theological Commission;Secretary General 1989-2003. Theologian of the PontificalHousehold, 1989-2003. Moved to Rome in 1990. Preachedthe spiritual exercises of Lent for the Pope and the RomanCuria, March 1990. Honorary member of the Pontifical Acad-emy of Sciences, October 28, 1992. Publisher of the journal‘Nova et Vetera’. Elected titular Archbishop of Tullia, Octo-ber 7, 2003. Consecrated on October 20, 2003, Rome, by Car-dinal Christoph Schönborn, O.P., Archbishop of Vienna. Cre-ated Cardinal Deacon in the Consistory of October 21, 2003;received the red biretta and the deaconry of Ss. Domenico eSisto, October 21, 2003. Pro-theologian of the PontificalHousehold, October 2003.

ADDRESS: Palazzo Apostolico,V-00120 Vatican CityTel: +39 0669885675 – Fax: +39 0669885993E-mail: [email protected]

Prof. Jon Elster, born in 1940 in Oslo, Norway, teaches po-litical science and philosophy at Columbia University in NewYork. He received his doctorate in 1972 from the Universityof Paris, and subsequently taught at the universities of Paris,Oslo and Chicago. His main publications include Ulysses andthe Sirens (1979, rev. ed. 1984), Sour Grapes (1983), MakingSense of Marx (1985), The Cement of Society (1989), Local Jus-tice (1992), Alchemies of the Mind (1999), Ulysses Unbound(2000) and Closing the Books: Transitional Justice in Histori-cal Perspective (2004). His current research interests includethe constitution-making process in comparative perspective,the microfoundations of civil war, and the philosophy of thesocial sciences.

ADDRESS: Columbia University Department of Political ScienceNew York, NY 10027 (USA)Tel: +1 212 854-6457 – Fax: +1 212 222-0598E-mail: [email protected]


in Social Sciences

18

Prof. Romano Harré began his academic career in mathemat-ics and physics, teaching in New Zealand and Pakistan. Later,at Oxford, he turned to philosophy, physics and chemistry de-veloping the case for scientific realism in such books as Vari-eties of Realism. More recently he has applied linguistic analy-sis to the analysis of the everyday construction of social reality,conceived on the model of a pan-human conversation in suchbooks as Social and Personal Being. He currently works atGeorgetown and American Universities in Washington DC.

ADDRESS: Georgetown UniversityDepartment of Psychology306 White-Gravenor Hall 3700 O Street, N.W. Box 571001Washington, D.C. 20057 (USA)Tel: +1 202 6874042 – Fax: +1 202 6876050E-mail: [email protected]

Prof. Serge-Christophe Kolm is affiliated to IDEP (Institutd’Economie Publique) and EHESS (Ecole des Hautes Etudesen Sciences Sociales). He is the author of thirty-five books andseveral hundred professional articles, in economics and otherbranches of the social science. In economics, his work has no-tably concerned public economics and normative economics,with related studies in other fields of this discipline and out-side of it required for understanding and applications. His mostrecent published book is Macrojustice, the Political Economy ofFairness (Cambridge University Press, 2004).

ADDRESS: 20 rue Henri HeineF-75016 Paris (France)Tel: +33 1 45209197E-mail: [email protected]

Prof. Janne Haaland Matlary Dr. philos. degree from the Uni-versity of Oslo in 1994. She was State Secretary for Foreign Af-fairs of Norway, representing the Christian Democratic Partyin the Bondevik government, from 1997-2000. Apart form thedaily leadership functions in the ministry, she inter alia was re-sponsible for security policy, especially the Norwegian OSCEchairmanship in 1999 and the Balkans; including an major aidportfolio of NOK 900 million/year; the Norwegian campaignfor membership in the UN Security Council; international hu-man rights negotiations, and internationalisation of Norwegianfishing and energy. Currently she is professor of internationalpolitics, Department of Political Science, Oslo University, whilealso doing some work on internationalisation and EU-projectsfor GCI Monsen. Her main fields are the European Union as apolitical system, its foreign and security policy, European secu-rity at large as well as the importance of human rights, ‘softlaw’, and public diplomacy.

ADDRESS: University of Oslo Department of Political Science Box 1097 Blindern, University of Oslo0217 Oslo (Norway)Tel: (secretary) +47-22855181(dir) +47-22857564 – (mob) 92601389E-mail: [email protected]

H.E. Card. Angelo Scola, Patriarch of Venezia, born No-vember 7, 1941, Malgrate, archdiocese of Milan, Italy. En-tered the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan(Doctorate in Philosophy; thesis on Christian Philosophy,1967); Seminary of Saronno, Milan (Theology); Seminary ofVenegono, Milan (Theology); University of Fribourg, Switzer-land (Doctorate in Theology; thesis on St Thomas Aquinas).

Ordained, July 18, 1970. Further studies: Fribourg, Switzer-land; Munich; and Paris, France. Subsequently, until 1991,active collaborator of Comunione e Liberazione; director ofthe Institute of Studies for the Transition (ISTRA), Milan;collaborator in the establishment and member of the execu-tive committee of the Italian edition of the InternationalJournal ‘Communio’; pastoral work in Italy and abroad; from1979, research assistant to the chair of Political Philosophy,and later, assistant to the chair of Fundamental Moral The-ology at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland; later, Pro-fessor of Theological Anthropology at the Pontifical JohnPaul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and the Family atthe Pontifical Lateran University, Rome; and later, Professorof Contemporary Christology at the Faculty of Theology, Pon-tifical Lateran University, Rome. Attended VII Ordinary As-sembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October1-30, 1987 as an expert. Elected Bishop of Grosseto, July 20,1991. Consecrated, September 21, 1991. Named Rector Mag-nificus of the Pontifical Lateran University and President ofthe Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriageand the Family, July 1995. Resigned pastoral government ofthe diocese and appointed Bishop of the Roman Curia, Sep-tember 14, 1995. Promoted to the patriarchate of Venice, Jan-uary 5, 2002. Created Cardinal by John Paul II in the Consis-tory of October 21, 2003.

ADDRESS: Patriarca di Venezia, Curia Patriarcale,S. Marco 320/aI-30124 Venezia (Italy)Tel: +39 0412702470 – Fax: +39 0412776493E-mail: [email protected]

Prof. John Shotter was born in 1937 in Glasgow, Scotland.He obtained a B.Sc in Psychology at Birkbeck College Lon-don while working as a laboratory technician in the Phonet-ics Department at University College London, and his Ph.D.in Psychology from Nottingham University. In 1987 hemoved to a Professorship in General Social Sciences in theRijksuniversiteit Utrecht in the Netherlands, and to a Profes-sorship in Communication in the University of New Hamp-shire (where he is now an Emeritus Professor of Communi-cation) in 1991. His long-term interest is in the social condi-tions conducive to people having a voice in the developmentof participatory democracies and civil societies. He is the au-thor of Images of Man in Psychological Research (Methuen,1975), Human Action and its Psychological Investigation(with Alan Gauld, Routledge, 1977), Social Accountabilityand Selfhood (Blackwell, 1984), Cultural Politics of EverydayLife: Social Constructionism, Rhetoric, and Knowing of theThird Kind (Open University, 1993), and Conversational Real-ities: the Construction of Life through Language (Sage, 1993).In 1997 he was an Overseas Fellow at Churchill College,Cambridge and a Visiting Professor at The Swedish Instituteof Work Life Research, Stockholm, Sweden. He now worksas a consultant with the KCC Foundation, London.

ADDRESS: 90 Moncrieff StreetPeckhamLondon SE15 5HL (United Kingdom)Tel: +44 207 6390303E-mail: [email protected]

For the biographies of the Academicians and Observerscfr. Pontificia Academia Scientiarvm Socialivm, Year Book,Third Edition (Vatican City 2004), pp. 164.

Conceptualization of the Human Person in Social Sciences Participant Biographies

Memorandum

Every day a bus will collect guests from the Hotel Spring House (7:30) for Daily Mass in the Vatican at8:00. Guests at the Domus Sanctae Marthae wishing to attend Holy Mass should meet outside theirhotel at 7:45. After Mass, a coach will be waiting for all participants in Piazza S. Marta in Vaticano(immediately outside the Altar Tomb of St Peter) to accompany them to the Casina Pio IV. Every evening(about 21:30) transport will be provided to accompany participants back to their hotels.Lunch and dinner for Academicians and invited experts will be served in the Academy (18-22 No-vember)

Note:Please give your form for the refunding of expenses to the secretariat at least one day before yourdeparture so that you can be refunded immediately.

Friday18 November

Saturday19 November

Sunday20 November

Monday21 November

Tuesday22 November

8:00 8:00 8:00 8:00 8:00

Altar Tombof St Peter





H.Em. Card.Edmund SZOKA

H.Em. Card.Giovanni B. RE

H.Ex. Msgr.John FOLEY

H.Ex. Msgr.Angelo COMASTRI

H.Em. Card.Francis B. LAW

Participants wishing to at-tend should meet at 7:30in the lobby of the Hotel

Spring House and at7:45 outside the Domus

Sanctae Marthae.



Sanctae Marthae.



Sanctae Marthae.



Sanctae Marthae.



Sanctae Marthae.

HOLY MASSES

THE PONTIFICAL ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCESCASINA PIO IV

V-00120 VATICAN CITYTel: 0039 0669881441 Fax: 0039 0669885218

E-mail: [email protected]

For further information please visithttp://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_academies/acdscien/index_social_en.htm

Front cover: Pirro Ligorio, 1561,Muses and Masks, Loggia of the Casina Pio IV

Ingresso Sant’UffizioThe ‘Sant’Uffizio’ gate

Ingresso del PeruginoThe ‘Perugino’ gate

Sede della PontificiaAccademia delle Scienze Sociali

Seat of the PontificalAcademy of Social Sciences

(CASINA PIO IV)

Chiesa di Santo Stefanodegli Abissini

St Stephenof the Abyssinians Church

DomusSanctae Marthae

HotelSpring House

Altare Tomba S. PietroAltar of St Peter’s Tomb

Ingresso Sant’AnnaThe ‘Sant’Anna’ gate

Ingresso Musei VaticaniEntrance gate

to the Vatican Museum

PONTIFICIA ACADEMIA SCIENTIARVM SOCIALIVM

XI Plenary Session

CONCEPTUALIZATIONOF THE HUMAN PERSON

IN SOCIAL SCIENCES18-22 November 2005

CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE HUMAN PERSON IN SOCIAL …HUMAN PERSON IN SOCIAL SCIENCES 18-22 November 2005 Casina Pio IV Sumptum est nomen personae a personando,eo quod in tragoediis et

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