Concept of Huawei Radio Network PlanningBased on the specified
characteristics of network planning, Huawei Company will plan
according to the C3Q (Cost, Coverage, Capacity and Quality) theory:
Minimizing integrated network construction cost Radio network
planning construction runs through the entire lifetime of the
network. Early planning must consider demands for the subsequent
development to reduce integrated network construction cost. For
example, the cost on site acquisition is rising in the center of
urban areas. Integrated network construction cost can be
efficiently reduced by adopting reasonable inter-site distance
scheme to avoid frequently adding sites in capacity expansion at
the late stages. Optimizing profitable service coverage: 3G
networks feature multiple service. Network resources must be
allocated among services. Therefore, it is necessary to determine
which service is profitable and its requirements for coverage
quality, as well as plan cell radius and coverage schemes. During
the early 3G network construction, targeting at high speed data
service will waste lots of resources (such as too many sites)
because there is no enough services. Maximizing resource capacity:
The capacity of 3G radio network is mainly restricted by
interference. Reasonable parameter planning can reduce interference
within and between cells, increase cell capacity and utilize
limited resources to the greatest extent. Huawei realize reliable
and efficient power control and radio resource management algorithm
with a variety of actual test data and advanced simulation means,
which are verified in many customer pilots globally. Besides,
Huawei accumulates abundant experience. Optimizing core service
quality: Core services have a long-term effect on network
development. Although they cannot make a profit in the short term,
they can attract users and speed up service development, such as
high speed data service. Therefore, optimize the quality of core
service coverage in areas where it is available so as to present
superiority of 3G radio network in service and performance and
improve the operator brand. Basic Flow of WCDMA Network Planning
According to the network construction target and network evolution
requirement, the network planning considers the cost and selects
the appropriate network elements (NE), outputs NE number, NE
configuration and determines the inter-NE connection mode to
provide the basis for later the engineering implementation. The
network planning contains core network planning (concentrating on
core network element number and configuration planning), radio
network planning (concentrating on RAN element number and
configuration planning) and transmission network planning
(concentrating on the inter-network element link requirement and
connection mode planning).In the construction of mobile
communications network, the investment comes from the device
investment. 3G network consists of radio access network,
transmission network and core network. The investment of radio
access network occupies over 70% of the investment of the whole
mobile communication network. The scale of radio access network is
determined by the site number and site type configuration. The
radio network planning determines the data. Therefore, the initial
report in this work describes mainly the radio network planning.A
complete radio network planning consists of radio network
estimation, radio network preplanning and radio network cell
planningRadio Network EstimationRadio network estimation is the
first link of the entire radio network planning. Its major purpose
is to have a qualitative analysis of the future network through the
estimation, thus getting an understanding of the network
construction scale (appropriate quantity of NodeBs and their
configurations). Moreover, on the above foundation, information
like the construction period, economic cost and human resource cost
budget can be acquired. This stage must work out the network
planning target, including network service (service model and
mapping relation), network coverage range, coverage quality,
network capacity, and cell target load requirement. After
determining the network planning target, combining the iteration
calculation of coverage capacity through the link budget, we are
able to obtain the BTS number, CE number, and lub interface E1
number. In the case of Huawei, the estimation adopts
Huawei-developed dedicated radio network estimation tools. The
estimation flow is as follows: Calculate the cell radius from the
consideration of coverage according to the pre-designed network
load. Calculate the cell load in combination with the subscriber
distribution and traffic model. Then, compare the calculated cell
load with the present value to judge whether the cell is
coverage-restricted or capacity-restricted. If the estimation
result is coverage-restricted, directly calculate the hardware
quantity (quantity of NodeBs, sectors and carriers) needed by NodeB
according to the coverage analysis result. If the calculation
result is capacity-restricted, it is necessary to shorten the
coverage radius at a certain step for coverage and capacity
analysis until the minimum difference between the estimated
coverage and capacity results is achieved. Finally, we can get the
hardware quantity (quantity of NodeBs, sectors and carriers) needed
by NodeB. The estimation conclusion must meet both the coverage and
capacity requirements. The short-term and long-term network
construction targets must be taken into account simultaneously to
acquire the most economical and effective plan. Therefore, there is
a process of adjustment for coverage and capacity analysis. Radio
Network PreplanningThe radio network preplanning is the
intermediate stage. Based on the network estimation, further
determination of the original layout of BTS, and BTS theoretic
location is carried out. The estimation output is then used to
perform further planning for the later part of the network. This
will determine more accurately the network planning scale and
theoretical site location. Thereafter the system simulation is used
to verify the network estimation result. At this stage also, apart
from selecting the BTS location, the height at which the antenna
should be mounted and overall engineering parameters are
determined. The Engineering parameters includes but are not limited
to antenna mounted height, network hierarchy structure, transmit
power, antenna type, mounted height, direction, and tilt angle and
partial cell parameters, such as the transmit power of common
channel and traffic channel, and quadrature factor. The generated
table that contains all the network information relating to what is
on site is referred to as the Engineering parameter Table.
PROBLEM DEFINITIONThe adopted approach for estimating the
network environment for Port Harcourt for Operator XXX is based on
the request of the operator. The selection criterion for locating
sites is as enunciated in the following chapter. As found in
dictionaries a plan is an arrangement for doing or using something,
considered or worked out in advance. Typically a plan is shown by a
drawing/scheme. Then, to make a plan is to make preparations and
hence consider something in detail and arrange it in advance.
Referring to networks, a general interpretation could interact with
most other tasks, although the planning task itself is focused on
how to evolve the network portfolio managed by an operator. A
fundamental gain from planning is certified resource utilization.
An effect of this is lower cost of deploying network elements, for
example found by running a network optimization program deciding
where nodes should be located, nodes should be interconnected and
traffic routed in order to minimize the overall cost. In the longer
time scope a number of options will be looked at, including
different trends of what the industry will look like, how
competitors will behave, what customers will ask for, what vendors
will offer, and so forth. Having a systematic description of these
issues also allows for detecting new business opportunities for a
network operator. That is, chances are revealed, and
triggers/factors for when to go for these chances are described
[3].
PROJECT GOALS
This plan aims to apply models and simulations in the extraction
of the relevant data from data, in order to plot the profile of the
magnetic field and determine the radio environment in Port Harcourt
city for operator XXX.
To perform a preliminary network design to confirm the need for
swap / expansion of 3G (UMTS) service in Port Harcourt and collect
useful information as it pertains to the dynamics of the
environment as well as customers perception.
GENERAL APPROACH
In this qualitative approach, the emphasis will be on the use of
simulations and models processes to provide solutions to the
Engineering questions. There are two arguments to such data studies
[4]; these are the analysis and modelling of the data. While in the
analysis attempts are made to characterise the salient features and
summarise the data properties; modelling enables the forecasting of
future values to be made. To reach the project goals, attempt will
be made to answer the following key questions:
What are the characteristics of the radio environment Operator
XXX intends to achieve? How do these characteristics relate to the
customers expectations and the services to be provided? How is the
coverage thresholds variations distributed within Port Harcourt?In
this report, a simple preliminary network design for estimating the
Port Harcourt region with the cell parameter for operator XXX is
presented.REPORT STRUCTUREThe remainder of this report is organized
in the following manner; Chapter 2 contains a report of the
preliminary network design carried out as well for operator XXX.
Chapter 3 introduces the basic theory that applies to the methods
used as well as the precautions / rules observed for each of the
planning processes carried out as well as how various challenges
were overcome. Chapter 4 contains the Bill of Engineering Material
and Evaluation as well as the recommendations and conclusion.
37Chapter 2 Preliminary Network Design for Port Harcourt1
IntroductionThis chapter presents the results of the Preliminary
Network Design (PND) for the WCDMA Network in Port Harcourt. 46
sites are used to supply the WCDMA coverage as requested by
Operator XXX. The design has been performed using Huawei propriety
U-Net Radio Network Planning Tool.The inputs for the design are as
follows: Digital Morphographical (land usage) database for
NigeriaDigital Topographical database for Nigeria.Initial Radio
SurveyThe goal of the Radio Network Planning is to optimize site
parameters to meet the coverage requirement. In the network design,
DBS3900 (BBU3900+RRU3808) is used.The first part of this report
presents the coverage thresholds; the second part presents the
design site data; the third part presents the predicted coverage
output plots from U-Net Radio Planning Tool. This design has been
made to provide coverage for Port Harcourt using the following
sites shown below:Table 2.1 - NameLongitudeLatitudeAltitude
(m)Status
UBAY0016.10632E4.971337N[8]Expansion
UBNY0017.17375E4.43689N[5]Expansion
UBNY0027.1605E4.40093N[4]Expansion
UPAR0026.99856E4.79006N[14]Expansion
UPAR0057.03534E4.78889N[13]Expansion
UPAR0067.00115E4.83298N[18]Expansion
UPAR0086.94925E4.99763N[28]Expansion
UPAR0106.90508E4.90235N[14]Expansion
UPAR0117.05838E4.85719N[20]Expansion
UPAR0127.03339E4.85517N[20]Expansion
UPAR0137.02833E4.83652N[17]Expansion
UPAR0147.02683E4.8092N[15]Expansion
UPAR0157.05013E4.8296N[18]Expansion
UPAR0167.17238E4.69762N[6]Expansion
UPAR0177.1157E4.78622N[16]Expansion
UPAR0187.04635E4.84662N[14]Expansion
UPAR0197.02818E4.82228N[20]Expansion
UPAR0207.00461E4.81884N[18]Expansion
UPAR0217.01148E4.79237N[18]Expansion
UPAR0227.04165E4.81491N[12]Expansion
UPAR0256.98881E4.83491N[18]Expansion
UPAR0267.14732E4.87803N[27]Expansion
UPAR0276.98016E4.81035N[15]Expansion
UPAR0287.03644E4.74209N[8]Expansion
UPAR0297.01476E4.77871N[17]Expansion
UPAR0317.09233E4.82407N[22]Expansion
UPAR0336.988565E4.846571N[15]Expansion
UPAR0346.973262E4.854857N[17]Expansion
UPAR0356.969345E4.814323N[4]Expansion
UPAR0366.97936E4.831986N[16]Expansion
UPAR0386.98913E4.80603N[11]Expansion
UPAR0397.024008E4.764025N[15]Expansion
UPAR0407.014397E4.759097N[6]Expansion
UPAR0427.016986E4.814699N[3]Expansion
UPAR0436.904239E4.889941N[19]Expansion
UPAR0447.053497E4.874659N[21]Expansion
UPAR0457.059376E4.823673N[17]Expansion
UPAR0467.152003E4.73503N[14]Expansion
UPAR0507.037941E4.842815N[17]Expansion
UPAR0527.126398E4.879975N[22]Expansion
UPAR0567.012874E4.828912N[8]Expansion
UPAR0577.044935E4.861841N[18]Expansion
UPAR0586.933406E4.807254N[4]Expansion
UPAR0606.943808E4.794528N[5]Expansion
UPAR0626.942843E4.931404N[24]Expansion
UPAR0797.014705E4.799295N[11]Expansion
Coverage Thresholds and Traffic RequirementCoverage
ThresholdsThe following thresholds are used to represent the
predicted WCDMA coverage in Port Harcourt.Table 2.2 Coverage
threshold resultsNo.Rx Level Threshold
RSCP(dBm)Ec/Io(dB)
1-50-6Deep Indoor coverage
2-60-6Indoor coverage one wall urban
3-65-8Indoor one wall suburban
4-75-8Indoor coverage
5-95-12Outdoor Coverage
Available BandwidthWe consider frequency bandwidth of 5MHz for
WCDMA.Design Data Antenna UsedANT-A19451803Antenna gain of 18dBi
for UMTSHorizontal beamwidth is 65 degreesCell parameterThe
Engineering Parameters used in the Design are shown in the attached
object. However, these parameters are subject to future change.Site
NameCell NameAntennaHeight (m)Azimuth ()Mechanical Downtilt
()Electrical Downtilt ()Main propagation modelMain resolution
(m)Extended propagation modelDL FrequencyCarrier NumberMax Shared
Power (dBm)
UBAY001UBAY001_165deg 18dBi
2Tilt534002Cost-Hata50(none)2122.6143
UBAY001UBAY001_265deg 18dBi
2Tilt5315002Cost-Hata50(none)2122.6143
UBAY001UBAY001_365deg 18dBi
2Tilt5328002Cost-Hata50(none)2122.6143
UBNY001UBNY001_165deg 18dBi
2Tilt458002Cost-Hata50(none)2122.6143
UBNY001UBNY001_265deg 18dBi
2Tilt4516002Cost-Hata50(none)2122.6143
UBNY001UBNY001_365deg 18dBi
2Tilt4528002Cost-Hata50(none)2122.6143
Table 2.3 Cell ParameterCoverage PredictionThe coverage areas
are highlighted in the maps shown overleaf. There is also the
traffic capacity, sites with altitudes as well as transmitters
intended. ConclusionThe Preliminary Network Design provided in this
report is to show the need for WCDMA Coverage and Capacity in Port
Harcourt. It can been seen from this Preliminary Network Design
that the installation of further BTS in Port Harcourt is of
paramount importance in order to supply WCDMA Service as requested
by Operator XXX.
Chapter 3 Issues in WCDMA Planning3.0 WCDMA NodeB Planning
Challenges and Guidelines.2 2.1 Site Planning This section mainly
describes all possible considerations in site selection of this
plan as well as the work done in site selection. It is different in
different periods of networking. The construction at the early
stage is taken for the example. Site Selection Principle Please
comply with the following principles during site selection: Perform
traffic distribution prediction for target coverage areas and set
sites in areas actually having traffic demands. Ensure continuity
of WCDMA system NodeB coverage in areas with dense data services
while taking the data service demands into full account. Take the
effective coverage area of NodeB into full consideration so that
the system can meet the coverage target requirements. Ensure
coverage over important and dense areas, including important organs
of the party, administration and army, traffic hinges like airports
and railway stations, enterprise buildings, commercial centers,
hotels and entertainment places, communication enterprises,
residential communities and so on. Try to select the existent
communication buildings as sites without affecting the NodeB layout
so that the existing facilities such as the equipment room, power
and iron tower can be fully utilized. Generally, do not set sites
at the top of mountains at very high elevations in urban or
suburban areas (the difference with the elevation of the urban area
is above 100~300m). The purpose is to avoid capacity decrease
caused by inter-cell interferences and reduce difficulties in
engineering construction to facilitate maintenance. New NodeBs must
be set up in places with convenient traffic, mains power supply and
safe environment. Please keep them away from high-power radio
transmitter stations, radar stations or other interference sources.
New NodeBs must be kept away from trees to avoid RX signal
attenuation. During site selection in mountainous areas, lake areas
with steep banks or dense lake areas, hill cities and environments
with high metal buildings, please pay attention to time dispersion
influences. Please set sites as close to reflecting bodies as
possible or turn the back of directional antennas towards
reflecting bodies when the sites are far from them. During site
selection among buildings in urban areas, flexibly utilize the
building height to divide the network hierarchy. At the early stage
of network construction when the number of sites is rare, sound
coverage is ensured for important areas during site selection.
During site selection, we avoid setting cell edges in areas with
dense subscribers. One and only one main coverage cell must be
available in order to achieve sound coverage. Avoid any obstruction
to the near end of the NodeB antenna during site selection. Feeder
System SelectionAntenna Types Selection This section mainly lists
the antenna types in construction of various scenario and the
antenna used practically. In radio network planning, antenna
selection is of great importance. The planning in the respect of
antenna application is as follows (Types shown in Table 7):Urban
area: Since the NodeB distribution in urban areas is very dense,
the coverage area of a single NodeB is required to be limited, thus
reducing inter-cell coverage and inter-NodeB interference.
Generally, in this case, the dual polarization antenna with the
horizontal plane half-power beam width of 65, antenna gain of 15dBi
and with a fixed tilt angle (6-9 recommended) must be adopted.
Suburban area: The situation in suburban areas is more complicated,
the possible antenna types required can be estimated according to
the needed coverage area. If the NodeBs around are rare, the
antenna with the horizontal plane half-power beam width of 90 must
be adopted in precedence. If the NodeB distribution around is
dense, please refer to the antenna selection principles for NodeBs
in urban areas during antenna selection. In view of future smooth
upgrade, it is not recommended to adopt any omni directional
antenna. In addition, whether to use a tilt angle depends on the
actual situation. Even if a tilt angle is used, it must be smaller
generally. Rural area: Rural areas are characteristic of vast land
but sparse population and few subscribers. In such areas, the
requirement for coverage is higher. Please select the antenna with
the horizontal plane half-power beam width of 90 or omni
directional antenna to serve the purpose of wide coverage over
rural areas. For directional antennas, the recommended gain is
18dBi; while for omni directional antennas, the recommended gain is
11dBi. Express way: In view of the characteristics of express ways
(narrow and long), the antenna with the horizontal half-power beam
width of 65 or 35 can be selected generally. The antenna gain can
be 18dBi or 21dBi. In addition, the 8-shaped antenna can also be
selected according to the actual situation. Generally, the gain of
such antennas is 14dBi. Table 2.4 Antenna Stat. Antenna
TypeManufacture Polarization ModeHorizontal half-power angle
()Antenna Gain (dBi)Planning Quantity
Feeder Types Selection This section mainly lists the feeder
types in construction of various scenario. The general principle
for feeder selection is as follows: Select 7/8 feeder when the
length is less than 50m. In this case, the loss per meter is
approximately 0.0611dB; while select 5/4 feeder when the length is
more than or equal to 50m. In this case, the loss per meter is
approximately 0.0443dB, as shown in Table 1. Feeder Types List
Feeder TypeManufactureDimension TypeLoss(dB/100m)
Antenna Azimuth PlanningThis section describes the general
principle and considerations of the antenna azimuth planning.For
the antenna azimuth planning, the directions must be equal in the
urban area, and the antennas in the suburban area and rural area
point to the area with dense traffic or requiring special coverage.
In the front of the local end of antenna, there is no blockings.
When collocating with other systems, consider the inter-system
separation.In the urban area, the antenna azimuth is based on 00,
1200, or 2400 (the mobile collocated site sets the antenna azimuth
based on GSM antenna azimuth). Adjust certain cell as required. For
details, see 0. In the suburban area and rural area, cover the area
with dense traffic, and the azimuth is different dramatically.
Table 2.5 Special Azimuth List Sector NameAzimuthConsideration on
azimuth set
XXXX-130Obstructed by house in 00 direction
Antenna Downtilt PlanningThis section describes the general
principle and considerations of antenna downtilt planning.In the
WCDMA system, the antenna downtilt affects the cell coverage range,
adjacent cell interference, and soft handoff ratio. If the downtilt
is too large, the users at the cell edge are difficult to access
the system. Consequently, the antenna lobe is distorted and the
overlay coverage area larger to increase the soft handoff overhead
and reduce the system capacity. If the downtilt is too small, the
serious cross-cell coverage is present to increase the adjacent
cell interference and soft handoff ratio but reduce the system
capacity. Therefore, set an appropriate downtilt. See the
following: Table 2.6 Downtilt listArea Mechanical downtilt
(0)Remarks
Dense urban area4Adding 6c preset electrical tilt, that is, 10
c
Ordinary urban area7No electrical tilt
Suburban area3No electrical tilt
Rural area1No electrical tilt, from the perspective of
directional electrical antenna
Adjust certain cell as required. For details, see 0.
Table 2.7 Special Downtilt List Sector NameScenarioMechanical
DowntiltPreset Downtilt Consideration on downtilt set
XXXX-1Dense Urban Area 86Too high antenna hung 50 meters
NodeB Planning Please list the selected NodeB type and relevant
parameters in this planning. In this planning the selected NodeBs
are BTS3812 and BTS3802C. The key parameters are analyzed by
comparison in the following table:Table 2.8 Key performance of
NodeB analysis by comparison OptionBTS3812BTS3806BTS3802C
Work Frequency
BandUp:1920-1980MHz,Down:2110-2170MHzUp:1920-1980MHz,Down:2110-2170MHzUp:1920-1980MHz,Down:2110-2170MHz
Capacity12FA6FA2FA
Static Noise Figure 2.2dB2.2Db2.2dB
Receive SensitivityBetter than -125dBmBetter than -126dBmBetter
than -125dBm
Transmitted PowerSite top output with the single carrier
wave225W(diversity)Site top output with the single carrier
wave226W(diversity)210W(diversity)
Once Power -48Vrating(-40 --60V)-48Vrating(-40 --60V)220V
AC(150V AC-300V AC)
Power Loss3*1transmit without diversity 1633W(typical
value)1780W(maximum value)3*1transmit without diversity
1593W(typical value)1740W(maximum value)