Concentrating Solar Power: The ‘Other’ Solar… A Systems Perspective Scott Jones Sandia National Laboratories October 19, 2004 [email protected]Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000
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Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000
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Concentrating Solar Power - Tower
HeliostatsSalt Storage
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Advanced Towers
vessel
quartz windowinsulation
secondary concentrator
inlet
exit
absorber
concentrated solar radiation
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Concentrating Solar Power - Trough
Heat Collection Element Trough Collector
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Other CSP/STE Systems
Dish/Engine
CLFR
CPV
Solar Chimney/Tower
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CSP Applications• Electricity and heat applications are near-term
– $16 Trillion energy infrastructure projected worldwide through 2030, 70% for electricity*
– Massive expansion possible: concrete, glass, steel• Solar chemistry applications are long-term
“A challenge for the chemical sciences is to provide a disruptive solar technology to meet that scale of the problem [10-20 TW] on terrestrial installations in a reasonable area globally. But such a technology most likely has to be much less expensive, and in a different form, than is available now. Additionally, we need to provide the new chemistry to support an evolving energy mix if we are going to produce this much carbon-free power.” -Nathan Lewis, Caltech
* IEA 2003 World Energy Investment Outlook Summary
100MW SEGS Israel100MW SEGS Israel130MW SEGS/ISCCS Jordan130MW SEGS/ISCCS Jordan
100MW CSP South 100MW CSP South AfricaAfrica
1000MW CSP USA1000MW CSP USA
240MW ISCCS 240MW ISCCS MexicoMexico
• S&L/NRC study in USA• Hydrogen R&D gaining momentum• GEF grants: $200M to 4 projects• South Africa 100 MWe tower• Israel plans 500 MWe
• Global Market Initiative to build 5,000 MWe globally in 10 years signed by 8 countries in Bonn
• 1,000 MWe initiative being considered by WGA in USA
• Nevada 50 MWe troughSources: Fred Morse, Morse & Assoc. & Michael Geyer, IEA SolarPACES
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Spain leads the way• Eventually, PV prices offered to CSP …• 5-10 plants promoted or in progress
trough & tower
Oops, the other solar!
Sources: Michael Geyer, IEA SolarPACES & Manuel Romero, CIEMAT
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What is important…long term?• Market potential
– Sectors: Electricity, transportation, industrial, …– In 2001, U.S. grid-tied solar was 0.01% of
generation and 0.05% of capacity**– Porsche has 0.2%* market share, GM has 28%– Limited by intermittence and low capacity factors
• Levelized energy cost (LEC) and value are key– Environmental or energy security benefits– What is the competition? For investors?– Delivery of energy to application – Offset new capacity, transmission & distribution?
*2003 U.S. light vehicle sales, Ward’s AutoInfoBank ** EIA AEO 2003, tables F9 and A8
investment risk are problems for solar• On-ramp (niche) markets necessary…
but not sufficient• Delivery of energy to application is
important• Storage is valuable, hopefully economic• CSP has good long-term potential for
electricity and chemical fuel applications
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R&D Opportunities• Applied research & demos are needed• Systems analysis• Energy delivery/transportation options• Solar resource projections 1-7 days ahead• Heat transfer & storage media >650 C for
chemistry and Brayton power cycles• Solar hydrogen, liquid fuels, and chemistry