Concentrating Solar Power (Hot

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future Gaia Solar Co.,Ltd.

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Concentrating Solar Power (Hot)

Note: Concentrating Solar Power needs huge investment and complex technical design. During

installation and run procession, we need dispatch

professional technicians provide reference for the

projection. The projection will cause huge cost for our

company and if you do not have real inquiry or order on

this projection, please skip this part.

Concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies use mirrors to

reflect and concentrate sunlight onto receivers that collect the

solar energy and convert it to heat. This thermal energy can

then be used to produce electricity via a steam turbine or

heat engine driving a generator.

Gaia Solar researches and develops this clean, utility-scale

solar thermal technology to foster world's energy security.

Our CSP research and development focuses on the three

CSP technologies mentioned above, as well as thermal

storage and advanced components and systems related.

A. Parabolic Trough System

The predominant CSP systems currently in

operation are linear concentrators using parabolic

trough collectors. Receiver tube is positioned

along the focal line of each parabola-shaped

reflector. Tube is fixed to mirror structure and the

heated fluid—either a heat-transfer fluid or

water/steam—flows through and out of the field of

solar mirrors to where it is used to create steam

(or, for the case of a water/steam receiver, it is

sent directly to the turbine).

Currently, the largest individual trough systems

generate 80 megawatts of electricity. However,

individual systems being developed will generate

250 megawatts. In addition, individual systems

can be collocated in power parks. This capacity

would be constrained only by transmission

capacity and availability of contiguous land area.

Trough designs can incorporate thermal storage.

In such systems, the collector field is oversized to

heat a storage system during the day that can be

used in the evening or during cloudy weather to

generate additional steam to produce electricity.

Parabolic trough plants can also be designed as

hybrids, meaning that they use fossil fuel to

supplement the solar output during periods of low

solar radiation. In such a design, a

natural-gas-fired heater or gas-steam

boiler/reheater is used. In the future, troughs may

be integrated with existing or new combined-cycle

natural-gas- and coal-fired plants.

The Solar Electric Generating Station

power plant in California consists of many

parallel rows of parabolic trough

collectors that track the sun. Cooling

towers can be seen with the water plume

rising into air, white water tanks are in the

background.

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/csp_research.html


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B. Linear Fresnel Reflector System

A second linear concentrator technology is the

linear Fresnel reflector system. Flat or slightly

curved mirrors mounted on trackers on the

ground are configured to reflect sunlight onto

a receiver tube fixed in space above these

mirrors. A small parabolic mirror is sometimes

added atop the receiver to further focus the

sunlight.

C. Power Tower Systems

Power tower systems are one of the three types of concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies in use

today. Here you will learn about the basic operation of power tower systems. In this CSP technology,

numerous large flat sun-tracking mirrors (heliostats) focus sunlight onto a receiver at the top of a tower.

A heat-transfer fluid heated in the

receiver will generate steam, which in

turn is in a conventional turbine

generator to make electricity. Some

power towers use water/steam as the

heat-transfer fluid. Commercial plants

can be sized to produce up to 200

megawatts of electricity. Power towers

also offer good longer-term prospects

because of the high solar-to-electrical

conversion efficiency. Additionally,

costs will likely drop as the technology

matures.

The products for Concentrating Solar Power we can provide

Until here, these three kinds of concentrated solar power products are what we can provide

at present, and for dish system, we are still research on it and can not provide at present. At

present, we can provide solar fields, which are showed in yellow color of bellowed picture,

and we still can not provide whole system at present. Only for solar refrigeration system,

we can provide whole system.

A linear Fresnel reflector power plant

A power tower power plant

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/csp_basics.html


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For Parabolic Trough System, we can provide,

1. Gaia 4060mm Receiver Tube


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After ten years of technical research and development, thousands of tests, we got technology to melt

glass and steel together. We use times of Kovar between glass and steel, and bellowed photos show the

finished receiver tubes, with different length of 2 meters and 4 meters, and the diameter can be

4060mm/125mm/70mm, 2000mm/120mm/70 and 2000mm/70mm/40mm.

Key Specification for Receiver Tubes (Glass-Steel Coated Tubes)

Type Receiver Tube

RT-4060 RT-2000-120/70 RT-2000-70/40

Glass High Borosilicate Glass 3.3

Steel SS316 SUS304 SUS304

Outer Diameter and Thickness φ=125mm/&=3mm φ=120mm/&=3mm φ=70mm/&=3mm

Inner Diameter and Thickness φ=70mm / &=2mm φ=70mm / &=2mm φ=40mm / &=2mm

Length 4060mm 2000mm 2000mm

Effective Absorb Length 3860mm 1800mm 1800mm

Deposition Method DC Reactive Sputtering

Absorption Coefficient 95% (AM1.5)

Emission Coefficient <14%(400℃)

Transmission Rate of Glass Tube 92% (AM1.5)

Vacuum Rate P<0.01pa

Heat Loss 295w/m (400 °C)

Working Temperature 400 °C (Oil) or 500 °C (Melton Salt)

FOB Quotation (USD) 1500 530 250

Other test data on the Receiver Tubes


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Density of axially heat flow ≥ 28MW/ m2

Total radiation activity ａ: 1.4 * 10-1Bq/g

Effective service life ≥ 150000h

Heat flux≥14MW/ m2•℃

Radiation activity—β: 1.7 * 10-1Bq/g

2. Solar Reflective Mirror

Specification:

Size：Max 1700 (Length) X 1900mm (Width) (67”X74.8”)

Thickness：3.2mm to 6mm

Glass panel： Low-Iron float glass

Property： Full tempered mirror

Arc degree：Y=X2/6600 to Y=X2/7080

Concentrating rate：measured by Laser Beam,﹥99%

Reflection rate：4mm≧93%, 5mm≧92%

Mechanical strength： 69~90MPa

Life span：15 to 20 years.

Durability Tests


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Testing Contents Results Standard

Resistance to Humidity PASSED DIN EN ISO 6270-2 CH 2005: 480 h

Resistance to salt spray PASSED DIN EN ISO 9227 NSS 2006: 480 h

Resistance to CASS PASSED DIN EN ISO 9227 CASS 2006: 120 h

Stability in climatic cycli

ng

PASSED 4 h: + 90°C; 4 h: -40°C;16 h: DIN EN ISO 6270-2 CH 2005: 10

cycles

Weather O Meter PASSED Combination of light, temperature and water

UV Resistance PASSED UVA 340 at 60°C;,39W/㎡

The parabolic glass mirrors can concentrate sunlight on a line of focus on the receiver tube collector. Our

reflectivity rate can reach more than 93%, the size and concentration ratio could be made as the order.

Advantage of our glass solar reflective mirror

1. Easy to be installed

2. Made by hard low-iron super-white glass, high reflective rate and never broken during transportation

3. Can be washed for thousands times, without any scorings left on the mirrors

4. Long life span for more than 15 years

Quotation for Our Solar Reflective Mirrors: USD180/m2

3. Frame

High Quality Light Steel Fish Bones Structure Tracking Frame, specially used for PT-5760.

Fish Bones Structure With Mirror Back

Our frame uses high quality galvanized steel pipe, which is rust-proof and long time life span for more

than 15 years. They are easy to be installed and can be designed according to detailed requirement.

We do not sell frames separately.

4. Tracking System

Small Tracking: USD1500/Set, Tracking system is quota separately.

Big Hydraulic Tracking System to control 120m in length: USD15,000 per set.


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5. Parabolic Trough Solar Collector

Specification and Function of PT-5760

Heat Function of Parabolic Trough Solar Collector: PT-5760

1. High optical accuracy and Tracking accuracy

(1) Reflective mirror tolerance is less than 3mrad

in average

(2) The location tolerance of receiver tube is less

than 5mm

(3) Lateral installation tolerance of the external

reflective mirror is less than 5mm

(4) Tracking tolerance is less than 2mrad

2. High wind proof capacity

(1) Form modification of A point under maximum

wind speed is 7mm

(2) Curve modification of reflective mirror under

maximum wind speed is 1.6mrad

(3) Retortion modification of reflective mirror

under maximum wind speed is 1.7mrad

(4) Retortion modification of C tube under

maximum wind speed is 1.7mrad

3. Low steel consumption structure

4. Excellent rust proof function

The frame structure using high quality hot

galvanized steel, which can confirm a 20 years

life of the structure.

Our parabolic trough solar collector PT-5760 is widely used in many kinds of industries to produce steam

and electricity, and we have already had 180kw and 1MW solar thermal plants generating electricity

now.

For aboard market, we can provide whole parabolic trough solar refrigeration system, including solar

fiends and air conditioner system, but for other solar thermal system, we only can provide solar fields,

including parabolic trough solar collectors and related tracking systems. It can be called heat generation

or heat source part in the system.


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Specification of PT-5760 Module Focal Length 1710mm Inner Tube Diameter 70mm

Open Distance 5760mm Module Length 12000mm

Module Quantity

Tracking Controlled

8 Modules (The length of solar array is 100 meters)

12 Modules (The length of solar array is 150 meters)

Wind Proof Capacity

Protection Condition: The wind speed is less than 32m/s, the module is safe.

If the wind speed is less than 20m/s, the module is safe under any condition

When the wind speed is less than 7m/s, the tracking accuracy tolerance is 0.1

degree and when the wind speed is less than 14.3m/s, the tracking accuracy

tolerance is 0.2 degree.

When the wind speed is more than 14.3m/s, the solar module should be in

protection condition

Hail Proof Capacity Reflective mirror will not be damaged by hail with diameter of 20mm under

speed of 20m/s

Working Temperature -40°C to 50 °C Life Span 20 years

Quotation USD6600/set MOQ 3 sets (One Module)

Module Quotation USD19800/Module MOQ 1 module Some other type of Parabolic Trough Solar Collector we can make

Type Photo Specification Quotation

(FOB Tianjin)

PT-3O

3m open distance, 2m receiver tube, height is

2.5m, peak thermal value can reach 250℃,used

to heat oil to 250℃ . Glass reflective mirror,

reflective rate > 93%. High quality plastic

sprayed galvanized steel frame with counter

weight balanced system

USD 2750

PT-2O


2m, peak thermal value can reach 200℃,used

to heat oil to 200℃ . Glass reflective mirror,

reflective rate > 93%. High quality plastic

sprayed galvanized steel frame with counter

weight balanced system

USD 1950

PT-01

1.2m open distance, 2m receiver tube, height is

1.6m, peak thermal value can reach 150℃,

used to heat oil to 150℃ or heat water to steam.

Glass reflective mirror, reflective rate > 93%.

High quality plastic sprayed galvanized steel

frame with counter weight balanced system

USD 1450


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PT-02

1.2m open distance, 1.2m receiver tube, height

is 1.6m, peak thermal value can reach 150℃,

used to heat oil to 150℃ or heat water to steam.

Glass reflective mirror, reflective rate > 93%.

High quality plastic sprayed galvanized steel

frame with counter weight balanced system

USD 750

PT-11


1m, peak thermal value can reach 100℃, used

to heat water to boiler water. Glass reflective

mirror, reflective rate > 93%. Simply frame and

can not track sun.

USD 400

6. For Fresnel Power Generation System, we can provide

Coated Steel Tube

Coated steel tube is our new development, mainly used in the area of solar thermal power generation

system, are the core components of Fresnel power generation system.

The investment and operating costs on Fresnel power generation system is much lower; and utilization

life-span of Fresnel power generation system is longer. It is easier to maintain, for there are no moving

parts in the par of collector. Our coated tube and flat anti-reflective coating glass have been exported to

America, German, Spain and Australia etc.

Also coated steel tube can use in solar energy air-conditioning. It saves more electricity and money.

Absorption and emissivity of our coated steel tube are up to 97% (AM1.5) and 10% (300℃) respectively.

Model and materials of coated steel tube can change on demand of customers.

Test result for Gaia coated steel tube from one German testing organization


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Our Fresnel Projection in Spain

Model Diameter Length Wall Thickness

70mm±0.5mm 2000m±5mm 4mm±0.5mm

Material SUS304

Absorption 97% (AM1.5)

Emissivity 10% (300℃)

FOB Price USD420

1. We do not accept order less than 10 pieces on coated steel tube, please understand;

2. Present type is 2 meter type and 4 meter type;

3. The coated steel tube is used mainly in the Fresnel system. Our clients purchase the coated steel

tubes and weld the tubes together at their country and then use the coated steel tubes in the Fresnel

system.

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