Computing History

8/13/2019 Computing History

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What is a computer?

A computeris a general purpose device that

can be programmed to carry out a set ofarithmetic or logical operations. Since asequence of operations can be readilychanged, the computer can solve more thanone kind of problem.

The word "computer" was first recorded as being used in 161originally was used to describe a human who performed calcucomputations. The definition of a computer remained the samend of the 19th century when people began to realize machintired and can perform calculations much faster and more accu

any team of human computers ever could.


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The first mechanical computer created by Charles Babbagereally resemble what most would consider a computer t

When was the first computer invente


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In 1822, Charles Babbage purposed and began developing the DiffeEngine, considered to be the first automatic computing engine thatcapable of computing several sets of numbers and making a hard cothe results. Unfortunately, because of funding he was never able toa full-scale functional version of this machine.

First mechanical computer or automacomputing engine concept

Later, in 1837 Charles Babbage proposed the first genmechanical computer, the Analytical Engine. The Anacontained an Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), basic flow cintegrated memory and is the first general-purpose cconcept. Unfortunately, because of funding issues thwas also never built while Charles Babbage's was alivHenry Babbage, Charles Babbage's youngest son wascomplete a portion of this machine and was able to p

calculations.


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The Z1, originally created byGermany's Konrad Zuse in his parenroom in 1936 to 1938 and is considethe first electro-mechanical binaryprogrammable (modern) computer

the first functional computer.

First programmable computer

Replica of the Z1 in the German Museumof Technology in Berlin


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The Turing machine

A machine proposed by the ATuring in 1936 that became tfoundation for theories aboucomputing and computers.

First concepts of what we consider acomputer

The machine was a device that printed symbols on paper tape inmanner that emulated a person following a series of logical instr


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The Colossuswas the first electric

programmablecomputer and was

developed by TommyFlowers and first

demonstrated inDecember 1943. The

Colossus was created tohelp the British code

breakers read encrypted

German messages.

The first electric programmable comp


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ABC (Atanasoff-Berry Computer) started being developed by

Professor John Vincent Atanasoff and graduate student Cliff Berryin 1937 and continued to be developed until 1942 at the IowaState College. The ABC was an electrical computer thatused vacuum tubes for digital computation including binary mathand Boolean logic and had no CPU.

The first digital computer

The ENIACwas invented by J. Presper Eckert andthe University of Pennsylvania and began construin 1943 and was not completed until1946. It occsquare feet and used about 18,000 vacuum tubealmost 50 tons. Although the Judge ruled that thwas the first digital computer, many still conside

the first digital computer because it was fully fun


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The early British computer known as the EDSAC is consideredstored program electronic computer.

The computer performed its first calculation on May 6, 1949computer that ran the first graphical computer gam

The first stored program computer


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The first computer compathe Electronic Controls Coand was founded in 1949 Presper Eckert and John Mthe same individuals who create the ENIAC compute

company was later renamEMCCor Eckert-Mauchly Corporation and releasedof mainframe computers uUNIVAC name.

The first computer company


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First delivered to the United States

Government in 1950, the UNIVAC1101or ERA 1101is considered to bethe first computer that was capableof storing and running a programfrom memory.

First stored program computer

UNIVAC 1101


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In 1942, Konrad Zuse begin working on the Z4, which later befirst commercial computer after being sold to Eduard Stimathematician of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

July 12, 1950.

First commercial computer


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On April 7, 1953 IBM publicly introduced the 701, its first elec

computer and first mass produced computer. Later IBM introdfirst personal computer called the IBM PCin 1981. The compcode named and had a 8088 processor, 16 KB of memory, whexpandable to 256 and utilizing MS-DOS.

The first PC (IBM compatible) compu

IBM 701

IBM PC


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MIT introduces the Whirlwindmachineon March 8, 1955, arevolutionary computer that was tfirst digital computer with magnetcore RAMand real-time graphics.

The first computer with RAM


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In 1960, Digital EquipmentCorporation released its firstof many PDP computersthe PDP-1.

The first minicomputer


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In 1968, Hewlett Packard began marketing the first mass-marthe HP 9100A.

The first mass-market PC

HP called it a desktop calculatbecause, "If we had called it acomputer, it would have been

by our customers' computer gbecause it didn't look like an Itherefore decided to call it a c


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Although it was never sold, the first woconsidered to be the Xerox Alto, introd1974. The computer was revolutionarytime and included a fully functional comdisplay, and mouse. The computer opemany computers todayutilizing windows, menus and icons as

interface to its operating system.

The first workstation


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Intel introduces the first microprocessor, the Intel 4004on No15, 1971.

The first microprocessor


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In 1975, Ed Roberts coined the term "personal computer" when he intr

the Altair 8800. Although the first personal computer is considered by mthe Kenback-1, which was first introduced for $750 in 1971. The compua series of switches for inputting data and output data by turning on anseries of lights.

The Micralis considered the be the first commercial non-assembly comcomputer used the Intel 8008 processor and sold for $1,750 in 1973.

The first personal computer


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The IBM 5100is the first portable computer, which was releasedon September1975. The computer weighed 55 pounds and had afive inch CRT display, tape drive, 1.9MHz PALM processor, and64KB of RAM.

The first laptop or portable computer

The IBM PC Division (PCD) later released the IBM portablein 1984, it's first portable computer that weighed in at 30pounds. Later in 1986, IBM PCD announced it'sfirst laptop computer, the PC Convertible, weighing 12 pounds.Finally, in 1994, IBM introduced the IBM ThinkPad 775CD, the

first notebook with an integrated CD-ROM.

The first truly portable computer or laptop ito be the OsborneI, which was released on developed by Adam Osborne. The Osborne pounds, had a 5-inch display, 64 KB of memofloppy drives, ran the CP/M 2.2 operating sya modem, and cost US$179.


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Steve Wozniak designed the first Apple known as the Apple I

in 1976.

The first Apple computer

Originally sold for $666.66.


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The Compaq Portableis considered to be the first PC clone anrelease in March 1983 by Compaq. The Compaq Portable wascompatible with IBM computers and was capable of running asoftware developed for IBM computers.

The first PC clone


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In 1992, Tandy Radio Shack becomes one of the first companirelease a computer based on the MPC standard with its introthe M2500 XL/2 and M4020 SX computers.

The first multimedia computer


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